Ypthima taiwana Lamas, 2010

Ding, Cui-Zhen & Lang, Song-Yun, 2025, Notes on Ypthima persimilis Elwes & Edwards and its closely related species (Lepidoptera, Nymphalidae, Satyrinae), Zootaxa 5659 (1), pp. 117-126 : 121

Ypthima taiwana Lamas, 2010 stat. rev.

( Figs. 3 , 9C , 10C )

Ypthima methora formosana Fruhstorfer, 1908 , Ent. Z., Stuttgart 22 (29): 119. TL: Formosa. [Junior primary homonym of Ypthima formosana Matsumura, 1907 ]

Ypthima conjuncta formosana : Fruhstorfer in Seitz, 1911, Macrolepid. World 9: 292, pl. 99: f.

Ypthima formosana : Eliot, 1967, Entomologist 100 (2): 55, text-figs. h, i, figs. 16, 17.

Ypthima taiwana Lamas, 2010 , SHILAP Revta. Lepid. 38 (150): 201. [Replacement name of Ypthima methora formosana Fruhstorfer, 1908]

Ypthima atra taiwana : Uémura, 2020, Bull. Toyosato Mus. Ent. 30: 6.

Material examined. photo: 1 ♂, “ Taiwan, Nantou Hueisun Exp. Forest 22.-24.X.1998 leg. Mey & Ebert” ( ZMHU) .

Diagnosis. Ypthima taiwana stat. rev. can be separated from the closely related Y. atra by the combination of the following characters: 1) on the hindwing underside, the dark discal line is clear, whereas it is blurry in Y. atra ; 2) on the hindwing underside, the ground colour of the distal half is more whitish, whereas it is con-coloured with the basal half in Y. atra ; 3) in the male genitalia, the dorsal lobe of valva ( Fig. 9C ) is more or less pointed, whereas it is broad and round in Y. atra ( Fig. 9B ).

Ypthima taiwana stat. rev. can be separated from the sympatric Y. angustipennis by the combination of the following characters: 1) forewing broader with termen rounded, whereas the termen is relatively straight in Y. angustipennis ; 2) on the hindwing underside, the ground colour is less whitish especially on the basal half; 3) on the hindwing underside, the apical ocellus in space 5 is equal in size with the anal ocellus in space 2, whereas the ocellus in space 5 is larger than the one in space 2 in Y. angustipennis ; 4) the laminae of androconia ( Fig. 10C ) are nearly triangular, whereas the basal two thirds of the laminae in Y. angustipennis are nearly square ( Fig. 10E ).

Remarks. Based upon the distinct difference in the valva, the Taiwanese Ypthima taiwana stat. rev. is reinstated and separated from the Asian mainland and Hainan Island species Y. atra . As a result, currently three species in the sakra -group are known from Taiwan Island, all of which have their corresponding sibling species respectively in the Asian mainland ( Table 1 ).

Distribution. China (Taiwan).

Figures

FIGURE 9. Male genitalia of Ypthima spp. A. Y. persimilis: a1. Yunnan, Menghai, SATY0620, LSY; a2. Yunnan, Lüchun, SATY1304, LSY; a3. Yunnan, Nanjian, SATY1305, LSY; a4. Yunnan, Lushui, SATY1307, LSY; a5. INDIA, Manipur, after Eliot (1967: f. 8); a6. BHUTAN, after Eliot (1967: f. 13); B. Y. atra: b1. Yunnan, Ximeng, SATY1071, LSY; b2. Hainan, Lingshui, SATY0623, LSY; b3. Guangxi, Jinxiu, SATY1303, LSY; b4. MYANMAR, N’mai Valley, after Eliot (1967: f. 18); b5. INDIA, Manipur, after Eliot (1967: f. 19); b6. Hainan, after Eliot (1967: f. 20); b7. “N.E. BURMA/Yunnan Exped.”, after Eliot (1967: f. 21); C. Y. taiwana stat. rev.: c1. “Y. formosana”, Taiwan, after Takáhashi (2000: f. 54); c2. “Y. formosana”, Taiwan, after Shirôzu & Shima (1979: Pl. 18: f. 2c); c3. “Y. atra taiwana”, Taiwan, Taidong, traced from Hsu et al. (2021: f. 488); c4. “Y. formosana”, Taiwan, after Eliot (1967: f. 16); c5. “Y. formosana”, Taiwan, after Eliot (1967: f. 17); D. Y. luxurians, Zhejiang, Qingyuan, SATY1187, LSY; E. Y. angustipennis: e1. Taiwan, after Takáhashi (2000: f. 55); e2. Taiwan, Taidong, traced from Hsu et al. (2021: f. 490); F. Y. microconjuncta, holotype, Guizhou, Shibing, SATY1308, CMNH.

FIGURE 10. Male androconia of Ypthima spp. A. Y. persimilis: a1. Yunnan, Menghai, ANDR0092, LSY; a2. Yunnan, Lüchun, ANDR0374, LSY; a3. ditto, ANDR0375, LSY; a4. ditto, ANDR0376, LSY; a5. ditto, ANDR0377, LSY; a6. MYANMAR, Kachin, after Uémura (2023b: f. 1m); B. Y. atra: b1. Guangxi, Jinxiu, ANDR0378, LSY; b2. Hainan, Lingshui, ANDR0102, LSY; b3. Hainan, after Uémura (2023b: f. 1k); b4. Yunnan, Ximeng, ANDR0263, LSY; b5. ditto, ANDR0379, LSY; b6. ditto, ANDR0380, LSY; b7. MYANMAR, Kachin, after Uémura (2023b: f. 1l); C. Y. taiwana stat. rev.: c1. “Y. atra taiwana”, Taiwan, after Uémura (2023b: f. 1j); c2. “Y. formosana”, Taiwan, after Takáhashi (2000: f. 51); c3. “Y. formosana”, Taiwan, after Shirôzu & Shima (1979: Pl. 52: f. 2); D. Y. luxurians: d1. Jiangxi, Mt. Wuyi, after Uémura (2023b: f. 1o); d2. Zhejiang, Qingyuan, ANDR0334, LSY; E. Y. angustipennis: e1. Taiwan, after Takáhashi (2000: f. 52); e2. Taiwan, after Uémura (2023b: f. 1p); F. Y. microconjuncta: f1. holotype, Guizhou, Shibing, ANDR0383, CMNH; f2. paratype, ditto, ANDR0384, LSY.

FIGURES 1–6. Ypthima spp., ♂, upperside (left), underside (right). 1. Y. persimilis, Yunnan, Lüchun, ANDR0376, LSY; 2. Y. atra, Yunnan, Ximeng, LSY; 3. Y. taiwana stat. rev., Taiwan, Nantou, ©ZMHU; 4. Y. luxurians, Zhejiang, Qingyuan, ANDR0334, SATY1187, LSY; 5. Y. angustipennis, Taiwan, Nantou, ©ZMHU; 6. Y. microconjuncta, paratype, Guizhou, Shibing, ANDR0384, SATY1312, LSY.