Tonnoira wachi, Jaume-Schinkel, 2025

Jaume-Schinkel, Santiago, 2025, Morpho-Molecular species delimitation within Tonnoira Enderlein (Diptera, Psychodidae): Updates on COI barcode data and the description of five new species, Zootaxa 5673 (1), pp. 1-26 : 20-23

Tonnoira wachi sp. nov.

( Figs. 1 , 10–11 )

Differential diagnosis

Tonnoira wachi sp. nov. is morphologically similar to T. fusiformis but they can be differentiated by the gonostyli being digitiform, and abruptly narrowing at the apex in T. wachi (digitiform and evenly narrowing towards the apex in T. fusiformis ); the aedeagus is digitiform, and slightly narrowing towards the apex in T. wachi (aedeagus abruptly narrowing at the apex in T. fusiformis ); two parameres present in T. wachi (a single paramere in T. fusiformis ).

Etymology. The species name wachi derives from the Quchuan word Wach'i meaning arrow, making references to the pointed anterior apex of the ejaculatory apodeme. To be treated as a name in apposition.

Examined material

Type. Ecuador — Pichincha • 1 ♂; Parroquia Pedro Vicente Maldonado, Near San Pancracio, roadway to Pachijal , the area behind platform; 0.1156, -78.9580; 750 masl; 01–09 Feb 2022; Kilian, Isabel leg.; Malaise Trap; slide mounted in Euparal; INABIO [ZFMK-DIP-00097204] .

Paratypes. Ecuador — Pichincha • 2 ♂♂; same data as for holotype except 30 Dec–05 Jan 2022; ZFMK [ ZFMK- DIP-00081949; ZFMK-DIP-00081950] .

Description. Measurements given in millimeters (mm), (N = 3). Wing length: 2.31 (2.15–2.50), width: 1.16 (1.10–1.20). Head length: 0.54 (0.53–0.56), width: 0.65 (0.61–0.69). Antennal segments: scape: 0.16 (0.16–0.16); pedicel: 0.08 (0.7–0.09); flagellomeres 1: 0.21 (0.14–0.15), flagellomeres 2–3: 0.22 (0.22–0.22), flagellomere 4–5: 0.21 (0.21–0.22). Palpal segment 1: 0.08 (0.08–0.08); palpal segment 2: 0.25 (0.23–0.25); palpal segment 3: 0.23 (0.21–0.24); palpal segment 4: 0.21 (0.20–0.22).

Male. Head ( Fig. 10 A ). Spherical, slightly wider than its length; eye bridge separated by less than 0.5 facet diameters, with four rows of facets; interocular suture as an inverted Y; the frontal patch of alveoli is undivided, with anterior margin pointed towards the eye bridge and the posterior margin concave. Antennal scape with mesal margin rounded, the width at rounded margin is nearly equal to the total length of the scape, scape is longer than the pedicel; pedicel spherical; flagellomeres cylindrical, longer than scape, with scattered setae on the surface, apical flagellomeres absent in examined material, maximum number of flagellomeres present 5; ascoids absent. Palpal segments cylindrical, the first palpal segment shorter than half the length of the second, the last palpal segment corrugated with an apical spiniform-setae, palpal proportions: 1.0:2.9:2.7:2.5; labium without any strong sclerites; labella bulbous with scattered setae on the surface.

Thorax ( Fig. 10 B ). Wing ( Fig. 10 C ) about 2.0 times longer than its width; wing membrane brown-infuscated; Sc vein short, ending before the origin of R 1; radial fork basad to medial fork; stem of R 2+3 short and not joining R 4; R 5 ending at the wing apex; apex of CuA ending at wing margin.

Terminalia ( Figs. 10 D , 11 ). Hypandrium strip-like on ventral view, bare, and joining the base of the gonocoxites; gonocoxites semi-cylindrical; gonostyli digitiform, abruptly narrowing towards the apex (as in Fig. 11 ), about the same length as gonocoxites; aedeagus digitiform on ventral view, curved ( Fig. 11 ); two digitiform parameres, one evenly narrowing towards the apex, about half the length of the aedeagus, the second paramere digitiform and slightly curved, about one third the length of the aedeagus; ejaculatory apodeme longer than the aedeagus, with pointed anterior margin on ventral view; gonocoxal apodemes plate-like, fused forming a plate dorsal to the aedeagus; epandrium rectangular, with distal margin concave ( Fig. 11 ); hypoproct tongue-shaped and covered in setulae, epiproct plate-like, about one forth the length of the hypoproct; epandrial appendages ( Figs. 10 D , 11 ) cylindrical, prolonged and tapering distally, covered with setae, with one apical and one pre-apical tenaculum, both tenacula separated by about the length of apical tenaculum.

Female. Unknown.

Distribution. Only known from the type locality.

Genetics. All of the examined material was successfully sequenced. All sequences are identical. GenBank accession numbers: PQ884224; PQ884225; PQ884233.

Figures

FIG. 1. Maximum Likelihood tree, based on CO1 barcode data (reconstructed with IQ Tree). Ultrafast bootstrap values are shown on the nodes. The clusters of the species delimitation analyses are shown to the right, Assemble Species by Automatic Partitioning (ASAP) 1st and 2nd partition, Bayesian Poisson Tree Process (bPTP) with Maximum Likelihood (ML) and Species Identifier (spID) with a threshold of 3%. Black bars indicate congruence and red bars indicate incongruence with our morphological delimitation. GenBank accession numbers are given as branch labels.

FIG. 10. Tonnoira wachi sp. nov. A–D ♂, holotype (ZFMK-DIP-00097204) A. head. B. body, ventrolateral view. C. wing. D. genitalia (ventral view). Abbreviations: aed = aedeagus; eja = ejaculatory apodeme; epa = epandrium; ep ap = epandrial appendage; gns = gonostylus; gnx = gonocoxite; hyp = hypandrium; hpo = hypoproct; par = paramere(parameres); ten = tenaculum(tenacula). All scales are in millimeters (mm).

FIG.11. Tonnoira wachisp. nov. ♂, holotype (ZFMK-DIP-00097204) line drawing of thegenitalia (ventral view).Abbreviations: aed = aedeagus; eja = ejaculatory apodeme; epa = epandrium; ep ap = epandrial appendage; gns = gonostylus; gnx = gonocoxite; hyp = hypandrium; hpo = hypoproct; par = paramere(parameres); ten = tenaculum(tenacula). All scales are in millimeters (mm).