Tonnoira stria, Jaume-Schinkel, 2025

Jaume-Schinkel, Santiago, 2025, Morpho-Molecular species delimitation within Tonnoira Enderlein (Diptera, Psychodidae): Updates on COI barcode data and the description of five new species, Zootaxa 5673 (1), pp. 1-26 : 17-20

Tonnoira stria sp. nov.

( Figs. 1 , 8–9 )

Differential diagnosis

Tonnoira stria sp. nov. can be differentiated from the remaining species in the genus by the combination of the following characters: epandrial appendage with a single tenaculum; gonostyli not bifurcated, truncated at mid-section and hollowed, resembling a vipers fang or an hypodermic needle, the margin of the truncated section has setae-orbrush-like structures; hypandrium with lateral lobes, covered in setulae. No other known species present a truncated and hollowed gonostyli. The lobed hypandrium is also present in T. magna . Still, both can be differentiated by the gonostyli shape and by the presence of a single tenaculum in the epandrial appendages in T. stria (two tenacula in T. magna ), ejaculatory apodeme about the same length as the aedeagus in T. stria (longer than the aedeagus in T. magna ).

Etymology. The species name stria derives from the Latin word stria meaning hollow, which refers to the hollowed gonostyli. To be treated as a noun in apposition.

Examined material

Type. Ecuador — Pichincha • 1 ♂; Parroquia Pedro Vicente Maldonado, Near San Pancracio, roadway to Pachijal , area behind platform; 0.1156, -78.9580; 750 masl; 30 Dec–05 Jan 2021; Kilian, Isabel leg.; Malaise Trap; slide mounted in Euparal; INABIO [ZFMK-DIP-00081954] .

Paratypes. Ecuador — Pichincha • 4 ♂♂; same data as for holotype; [ZFMK-DIP-00081953, ZFMK-DIP-00081955, ZFMK-DIP-00081956, ZFMK-DIP-00081957] • 2 ♂; same data as holotype except: 0.1186, -78.9580; 770 masl; 12–15 Jan. 2022; INABIO [ZFMK-DIP-00102032], ZFMK [ZFMK-DIP-00102069] .

Description. Measurements given in millimeters (mm), (N = 4). Wing length: 1.73 (1.60–1.80), width: 0.73 (0.70–0.76). Head length: 0.40 (0.40–0.40), width: 0.41 (0.40–0.42). Antennal segments: scape: 0.09 (0.09–0.01); pedicel: 0.07 (0.06–0.07); flagellomeres 1: 0.15 (0.14–0.15), flagellomeres 2: 0.17 (0.16–0.17), flagellomere 3-4: 0.16 (0.16–0.17). Palpal segment 1: 0.03 (0.03–0.03); palpal segment 2: 0.12 (0.11–0.13); palpal segment 3: 0.14 (0.12–0.15); palpal segment 4: 0.15 (0.13–0.15).

Male. Head ( Fig. 8 A ). Spherical; eye bridge joined along its entire length, with four rows of facets; interocular suture absent; the frontal patch of alveoli undivided, with anterior and posterior margins concave. Antennal scape cylindrical, longer than the pedicel; pedicel spherical; flagellomeres fusiform and longer than scape, with scattered setae on the surface, apical flagellomeres absent in examined material, maximum number of flagellomeres present 4; ascoids absent. Palpal segments cylindrical, first palpal segment about one-third the length of the second, last palpal segment corrugated, palpal proportions: 1.0:3.3:3.8:4.0; labium without any strong sclerites; labella bulbous with scattered setae on the surface.

Thorax ( Fig. 8 B ). Wing ( Fig. 8 C ) about 2.30 times longer than its width; wing membrane hyaline; Sc vein short, ending before the origin of R 1; radial fork slightly basal to medial fork; stem of R 2+3 short and not joining R 4; R 5 ending at the wing apex; base of CuA slightly enlarged, apex of CuA ending at wing margin.

Terminalia ( Figs. 8 D–E , 9 ). Hypandrium band-like on ventral view, with lateral lobes (as in Figs. 8 D–E , 9 ), covered with setulae and joining the base of the gonocoxites; gonocoxites bulbous, slightly longer than their width; gonostyli curved (as in Fig. 9 ), deeply slitted/hollowed at mid-section, resembling the terminal hole in a snake fang (or in a hypodermic needle), with fine, hair-like filaments adorning the ventral margin of the slit (as in Figs. 8 D–E , 9 ); aedeagus digitiform and slightly sinuous on ventral view, narrowing towards the apex, ending shortly before the apex of the gonostyli ( Fig. 9 ); the ejaculatory apodeme is the same length of the aedeagus, on ventral view the basal margin is rounded; two digitiform parameres present, one about the same length as the aedeagus, the other being half the length; gonocoxal apodemes plate like, joining at mid forming an M-shaped suture; epandrium rectangular ( Fig. 9 ); hypoproct tongue-shaped, with apex elongated, covered in setulae, epiproct tongue-shaped, about half the length of the hypoproct; epandrial appendages ( Figs. 8 E , 9 ) cylindrical, prolonged and tapering distally, covered with setae, with one apical tenaculum.

Female. Unknown.

Distribution. Only known from the type locality.

Genetics. All of the examined material was successfully sequenced. The maximum intraspecific uncorrected pairwise distance for COI sequences was 0.3 % or 2 bp. GenBank accession numbers:

PQ884229; PQ884236; PQ884228; PQ884232; PQ884234; PQ884237; PQ884238.

Figures

FIG. 1. Maximum Likelihood tree, based on CO1 barcode data (reconstructed with IQ Tree). Ultrafast bootstrap values are shown on the nodes. The clusters of the species delimitation analyses are shown to the right, Assemble Species by Automatic Partitioning (ASAP) 1st and 2nd partition, Bayesian Poisson Tree Process (bPTP) with Maximum Likelihood (ML) and Species Identifier (spID) with a threshold of 3%. Black bars indicate congruence and red bars indicate incongruence with our morphological delimitation. GenBank accession numbers are given as branch labels.

FIG. 8. Tonnoira stria sp. nov. A–D ♂, holotype (ZFMK-DIP-00081954), E ♂ (no specimen code).A. head, fronto-lateral view. B. thorax. C. wing. D. genitalia (ventral view). E. SEM photograph of genitalia.Abbreviations: aed = aedagus; eja = ejaculatory apodeme; ep ap = epandrial appendage; gon ap = gonocoxal apodemes; gns = gonostylus; gnx = gonocoxite; hyp = hypandrium; hpo = hypoproct; par = paramere(parameres); ten = tenaculum(tenacula). All scales are in millimeters (mm).

FIG. 9. Tonnoira stria sp. nov. ♂, holotype (ZFMK-DIP-00081954) line drawing of the genitalia (ventral view). Abbreviations: aed = aedeagus; eja = ejaculatory apodeme; ep ap = epandrial appendage; gon ap = gonocoxal apodemes; gns = gonostylus; gnx = gonocoxite; hyp = hypandrium; hpo = hypoproct; par = paramere(parameres); ten = tenaculum(tenacula). All scales are in millimeters (mm).