Tetrastemma maculatum, Timofeev, 1911

Kajihara, Hiroshi, 2025, A taxonomic revision of the freshwater monostiliferous hoplonemertean genus Prostoma Dugès, 1828 (Nemertea: Eumonostilifera): a radical solution or an over-lumping?, Zootaxa 5646 (4), pp. 451-500 : 479

11. maculatum Timofeev, 1911

Source. In the binomen Prostoma maculatum by Timofeev (1911: 38, fig. 7).

Type locality. Villefranche-sur-Mer , France .

Etymology. Latin adjective, macUlātUs, - a, - um, meaning “stained, spotted”.

Remarks. Gibson (1995: 497, 525) replaced Prostoma maculatum Timofeev, 1911 [“Timofeeva, 1912” in Gibson (1995)] with Tetrastemma timofeevai Gibson, 1995 , with an intention to avoid secondary homonymy between Tetrastemma maculatum Sumner, 1894 . However, the latter had been synonymized with Oerstedia nigra ( Riches, 1893) by Bürger (1904: 72). The two nominal species Tetrastemma maculatum Sumner, 1894 and Prostoma maculatum Timofeev, 1911 were thus no longer considered congeneric as of 1995. Therefore, Tetrastemma timofeevai Gibson, 1995 is a junior synonym of Tetrastemma maculatum ( Timofeev, 1911) according to Article 59.4, which stipulates that a “species-group name rejected after 1960 on grounds of secondary homonymy is to be reinstated as valid by an author who considers that the two species-group taxa in question are not congeneric”. Timofeev’s taxon should be referred to as Tetrastemma maculatum ( Timofeev, 1911) . See Annex 2 for English translation of the original description.