Talaromyces thailandensis L. Manoch, T. Dethoup & N. Yilmaz (2013)

Cheng, Kai-Wen, Yang, Jiue-in, Srimongkol, Piroonporn, Stadler, Marc, Karnchanatat, Aphichart & Ariyawansa, Hiran A., 2025, Fungal frontiers in toxic terrain: Revealing culturable fungal communities in Serpentine paddy fields of Taiwan, IMA Fungus 16, pp. e 155308-e 155308 : e155308-

Talaromyces thailandensis L. Manoch, T. Dethoup & N. Yilmaz (2013)

Fig. 21

Description.

Sexual morph Ascomata solitary or clustered, superficial, globose to subglobose, yellow hyphae covered, 220–470 µm diam. Asci subglobose to ovoid, hyaline, 8.6–12.7 µm × 7.9–10.1 µm (x ̄ = 10.9 × 9.6 µm, L / W ratio = 1.14, n = 15). Ascospores ellipsoidal, spiny, thick walled, 4.2–5.0 µm × 2.8–3.5 µm (x ̄ = 4.6 × 3.2 µm, L / W ratio = 1.47, n = 25). Asexual morph Conidiophores straight, bi-verticillate, smooth walled and long stipes, up to 300 µm. Metulae 9.1–14.0 µm × 2.5–2.8 µm. Phialides 3–6, flask-shaped, 8.1–12.5 µm × 2.2–2.5 µm. Conidia globose to subglobose, smooth walled, hyaline to pale brownish green, 2.0–2.8 µm × 1.6–2.4 µm (x ̄ = 2.4 × 2.0 µm, L / W ratio = 1.20, n = 25).

Medium dependent growth in 7 / 14 days at 25 ° C (mm).

• CYA 35–38 / 58 – 61; CYAS 15–17 / 31 – 33; MEA 40–42 / 70 – 75; OA 39–42 / 85 – 90; PDA 38–41 / 70 – 75; YESA 30–33 / 43 – 48.

Temperature dependent growth in 7 days (mm).

• CYA / MEA 20 ° C 32–34 / 31 – 33; 30 ° C 40–44 / 37 – 42; 37 ° C No growth / No growth.

Culture characteristics.

CYA, 25 ° C, 14 days, margin entire and light yellow, floccose, sporulation dense, yellowish orange, soluble pigments absent, exudates clear droplets; reverse in orange and copper brown at center. MEA, 25 ° C, 14 days, margin entire and whitish, floccose, sporulation dense, grayish-green, soluble pigments absent, exudates clear droplets; reverse in cream-buff. OA, 25 ° C, 14 days, margin entire and golden yellow, floccose to funiculose, sporulation dense, orange to grayish-green and wine red at center, soluble pigments absent, exudates clear droplets; reverse in buff. PDA, 25 ° C, 14 days, margin entire and light yellow, floccose, sporulation dense, yellowish orange to grayish-green, soluble pigments absent, exudates clear droplets; reverse in cream-buff. YESA, 25 ° C, 14 days, slightly sulcate, margin irregular, floccose, sporulation moderately dense, yellowish orange, soluble pigments and exudates absent; reverse in orange-brown.

Material examined.

TAIWAN • Guanshan Township , Taitung County, 23°02'17.6"N, 121°11'26.3"E, serpentine soil in rice field, 3 rd November 2022, K. W. Cheng, living culture NTUPPMCC 22-272 .

Notes.

In the present study, our strain ( NTUPPMCC 22-272 ) clustered within the clade containing ex-type strain, along with other representative strains of T. thailandensis with strong statistical support (85 % / 1.00) (Fig. 19 ). T. thailandensis ( NTUPPMCC 22-272 ) displayed morphological features similar to the ex-type strain ( CBS 133147 ) as reported by Manoch et al. (2013) and Yilmaz et al. (2014). Typically, these species exhibit ellipsoidal, spiny, thick-walled ascospores (sexual stage), bi-verticillate conidiophores with 3–6 phialides, and subglobose conidia (asexual stage), along with an absence of growth at 37 ° C. However, our strain ( NTUPPMCC 22-272 ) differs by presenting a distinctive red hue on OA (Fig. 21 ). T. thailandensis has been reported previously in Thailand as soil-derived fungus ( Manoch et al. 2013; Ningsih et al. 2024). However, this study represents the first discovery of T. thailandensis in Taiwan.

Figures

Figure 19. Maximum likelihood (ML) phylogenetic tree based on a concatenated dataset of ITS, cmd A, rpb 2, and tub 2. Species representing section Talaromyces including 113 strains representing 98 taxa were included in the concatenated dataset, with 2127 characters (ITS 536 bp, cmd A 336 bp, rpb 2 843 bp, and tub 2 412 bp) including alignment gaps. The tree was rooted with Talaromyces helicus CBS 335.48 (Section Helici). MLB ≥ 70 % and BPPs ≥ 0.95 were shown at each node; values lower than these thresholds are indicated by a hyphen (–). The scale bar indicates the number of estimated substitutions per site. The strains introduced in this study are in red and novel species are in bold. The ex-type strains are marked with T.

Figure 21. Morphology of Talaromyces thailandensis NTUPPMCC 22-272. A, D 14 - days-old colony on PDA; B, E 14 - days-old colony on MEA; C, F 14 - days-old colony on CYA; G, J 14 - days-old colony on YESA; H 14 - days-old colony on OA; I 14 - days-old colony on CYAS; K Ascomata and conidiophores; L Asci; M Ascospores; N, O Conidiophores, phialides, and conidiogenous cells; P Conidia. Scale bars: 0.5 mm (K); 10 µm (L, N – P); 5 µm (M).