Stauroneis kobayasii nom

Desianti, Nina, 2022, Analysis of the type slide of Stauroneis singula J. R. Carter & Denny (Stauroneidaceae, Bacillariophyta) and a comparison with similar taxa, Notulae Algarum 232, pp. 1-6 : 1-5

Stauroneis kobayasii nom . et stat. nov.

Replaced synonym: Stauroneis staurolineata var. japonica H.Kobayasi & Kaz.Ando (in Kobayasi & Ando) Japanese Journal of Phycology 26: 15, pl. 2: figs 18, 19 (reproduced here as fig. 5), 1978.

Invalid designation: “ Stauroneis stodderi var. japonica ” H.Kobayasi in Ando & al. Bulletin of the Chichibu Museum of Natural History 16: 57–79, 1971.

Description: “Valve lanceolate with acute subrostrate ends, 95–128 µm long, 17–20.5 µm wide. Raphe linear, slightly broadened between valve center and ends, terminal fissures question mark shaped and forking about 3 µm from the valve ends. Axial area linear and somewhat broad. Central area narrowly widened to the both margins of the valve and without crossing longitudinal ribs. Transapical striae slightly radiate, about 16–17 in 10 µm. Longitudinal ribs parallel, not undulate and interrupted at the transapical facia, about 16–20 in 10 µm.” [Protologue description.]

Kobayasi (1971: 70) initially described this taxon as “ Stauroneis stodderi var. japonica ” bu this name is invalid as a Latin diagnosis or description was not provided. Later Kobayasi & Ando (1978) described it validly as Stauroneis staurolineata var. japonica . Stauroneis staurolineata var. japonica has been reported from Japan ( Kobayasi & Ando 1978), Korea ( Joh 2014), and is here documented for the first time from Wisconsin wetlands. The epithet is given in honor of Professor Hiromu Kobayasi (1926–1996), a former vice-president of the International Society for Diatom Research, for his contributions to diatom research. The new name is necessary because of the prior existence of Stauroneis japonica H.Kobayasi ( Kobayasi 1986) : 97, fig. 13).

Notes on the genus Stauroneis . Protoplast and areolae structure characterization led to the revision of the genus Stauroneis which now comprises only freshwater species (e.g., Stickle & Mann 1988, Round et al. 1990, Mann & Stickle 1995, Cox & Williams 2000). The presence of a transverse thickening (stauros) at the center of the valve is regarded as a homoplastic character ( Cox & Williams 2000, Kociolek & al. 2019). Recent molecular studies show that taxa currently assigned to Stauroneis do not form a monophyletic group ( Kulikovskiy et al. 2019, Kim et al. 2020). Kulikovskiy & al. (2019) further discussed the importance of the presence and absence of pseudosepta at the valve apices in distinguishing different clades within the genus Stauroneis which confirmed the separation of Pleurostauron from Stauroneis in the past classification scheme by Cleve (1894). Reimer (1961) proposed the transfer of Stauroneis taxa characterised by longitudinal ribs of silica on the valve face to a new genus. The longitudinal ribs are also present in some members of genera closely related to Stauroneis , such as Craticula and Proschkinia ( Kulikovskiy & al. 2019, Kim & al. 2020). However, this may be a plesiomorphic character as it is shared with species in Haslea and Navicula . Members of the Stauroneis group with longitudinal ribs also differ from other members of Stauroneis in their shape, a rhombic to lanceolate valve outline with acute subrostrate ends rather than linear-lanceolate with rostrate ends as in most members of Stauroneis . However, circumscribing a new genus for this group requires formal systematic analysis involving protoplast structure studies and molecular data to support its monophyly and its placement within Stauroneidaceae ( Kociolek & Williams 2015) .

We are very grateful to: Edgley César from the Natural History Museum ( BM), London, who kindly sent the type slide of Stauroneis singula on loan to us; to Aaron Marti for collecting Wisconsin diatom samples; and to Michael Guiry and David Williams for their valuable comments that greatly improved this manuscript. This work is supported by funding from the Wisconsin Department of Natural Resources .

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