Sicarius saci, Magalhaes & Brescovit & Santos, 2017

Magalhaes, Ivan L F, Brescovit, Antonio D & Santos, Adalberto J, 2017, Phylogeny of Sicariidae spiders (Araneae: Haplogynae), with a monograph on Neotropical Sicarius, Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 179 (4), pp. 767-864 : 841-844

SICARIUS SACI SP. NOV.

Figures 16D , 27A , 55 , 56

Sicarius cariri : Magalh ~ aes et al., 2013: figs 44, 70, 71, 82, 84 (misidentified, in part, see note below).

Sicarius cariri clade 2: Magalhaes et al., 2014: 5328, figs 1, 2.

Note: All the records of Sicarius cariri from Barra, Lençois, Morro do Chapeu and Xique-Xique cited in our previous contribution (Magalh aes ~ et al., 2013) are of this species instead. This species has been demonstrated to be an independently evolving lineage by Magalhaes et al. (2014).

Type material: Male holotype from BRAZIL. Bahia: Morro do Chapeu, Parque Estadual Morro do Chapeu (41.33036, 11.49756, 1001 m), I.L.F. Magalh aes ~ et al., 20/I/2012 ( UFMG 11021). Paratypes: same data, 1 # ( IBSP 162262), 1 imm. ( IBSP 162264), 1 $ ( IBSP 162265), 1 $ ( IBSP

162266), 1 $ ( IBSP 162267), 1 $ ( IBSP 162268 ) , 1 $ ( IBSP 162269 ) , 1 $ ( UFMG 11022 ) , 1 $ ( UFMG 11023 ) , 1 $ ( UFMG 11686 ) ; same locality (41.25144, 11.49914, 1095 m), 21/I/2012, 1 $ ( IBSP 162272 ) , 1 # ( IBSP 162273 ) , 1 # ( IBSP 162274 ) , 1 $ ( IBSP 162276 ) , 1 $ ( IBSP 162277 ), 1 imm. ( IBSP 162278 ) , 1 $ ( IBSP 162279 ) , 1 $ ( IBSP 162280 ) , 1 $ ( IBSP 162281 ) , 1 $ ( IBSP 162282 ) , 1 # ( UFMG 11024 ) , 1 $ ( UFMG 11025 ) , 1 $ ( UFMG 11026 ); (41.36886, 11.47756, 892 m) , 19/I/2012, 1 # ( IBSP 162258 ), 1 imm. ( IBSP 162259 ), 1 imm. ( IBSP 162260 ) , 1 # ( UFMG 11685 ) ;

Etymology: The Saci is a creature from Brazilian folklore; it has the form of a one-legged, black boy who hops around smoking a pipe and wearing nothing more than a red hood. It is said to find great pleasure in acting mischievously and tricking people. Likewise, the new species tricked us into thinking it was only a variety of S. cariri before, and all the individuals listed above lack at least one leg, which we used for DNA extraction. The name is to be treated as a noun in apposition.

Diagnosis: Males are similar to those of Sicarius cariri by the strongly marked transition between the base and body of the bulb, and by the short embolus. They can be distinguished by the embolus being straight in apical view ( Fig. 55C ) (with a retrolateral concavity in S. cariri, Magalh aes ~ et al., 2013, fig. 66) and by the somewhat shorter bulb. Females are very similar to those of S. cariri ; they have few (10 – 15), coiled spermathecae branches with a small reservatory at the apex ( Fig. 56 ); at present we have not been able to find a diagnostic feature for females based on morphology alone. Identification of females without accompanying males can be done using COI or H3 sequences (see Magalhaes et al., 2014).

Description: Male holotype from Morro do Chapeu, Bahia, Brasil ( UFMG 11021). Coloration: carapace, chelicerae, labium, endites and sternum reddish brown, legs orange brown, abdomen brownish yellow. Total length 11.13. Carapace length 6, anterior width 2.32, thoracic region width 6.07. Eye diameters and interdistances: PME 0.2, ALE 0.25, PLE 0.23, PME – PLE 0.51, ALE – PLE 0.18. Clypeus height 0.84. Eye tubercles present. Macrosetae in lateral border of the carapace in multiple rows. Femora with prolateral black setae in several discrete patches. Sternum length 2.58, width 3.08, cordiform. Femoral thorns: 6. Leg I: femur 7.75 long, patella 2.64, tibia 8.17, metatarsus 6.48, tarsus 3.39. II: fe 8.8, ti 8.6. III: fe 8, ti 7.42. IV: fe 7.83, pa 2.33, ti 7.17, mt 5.5, ta 2.83. Abdomen: length 5.66, width 5.25. Palp as in Figure 55A and B .

Female paratype from Morro do Chapeu, Bahia, Brasil ( UFMG 11022 ). As in male, except for the following. Total length 13.2. Carapace length 7, anterior width 2.67, thoracic region width 6.83. Eye diameters and interdistances: PME 0.23, ALE 0.25, PLE 0.28, PME – PLE 0.66, ALE – PLE 0.23. Clypeus height 1.02. Sternum length 2.82, width 3.22, cordiform. Femoral thorns: 6. Leg I: femur 7.5 long, patella 2.75, tibia 7.08, metatarsus 5.52, tarsus 3.14. II: fe 8.17, ti 7.5. III: fe 7.25, ti 6.67. IV: fe 7.5, pa 2.48, ti 6.61, mt 5.07, ta 2.69. Abdomen: length 6.08, width 6. Spermathecae branches: 10. Ventral branches absent. Spermathecae as in Figure 56A and B .

Variation: Males (N = 5): carapace length 5.02 – 6 (5.56), femoral thorns 5 – 6, femur II length 7.58 – 8.8 (8.02). Females (N = 5): carapace length 4.3 – 7 (5.59), femoral thorns 6 – 7, femur II length 4.98 – 8.17 (6.65), spermathecae branches 10 – 15. Genital morphology is slightly variable in both sexes ( Fig. 55 ); the male from Lenc¸ois is somewhat deviant, but it fits with this species.

Natural history: Specimens have been collected in sandy Caatinga, usually buried in the sediment near cliffs, trees or under logs. A pair has been observed mating (Magalh aes ~ et al., 2013, fig. 44).

Distribution: Central Bahia, Brazil ( Fig. 27A ).

Additional material examined: BRAZIL. Bahia: Barra, Brejo Olhos D’ Agua � (43.35269, 10.80744, 481 m), I.L.F. Magalh ~ aes et al., 26/I/2012, 1 # ( IBSP 162247 ) , 1 $ ( IBSP 162688 ) , 1 # ( IBSP 162690 ) , 1 $ ( IBSP 162691 ) , 1 # ( UFMG 11017 ) , 1 $ ( UFMG 11684 ) ; Lenc ¸ois [41.38333, 12.55, 512 m], A.P.L. Giupponi & R. L.C. Baptista, 13/XI/2002, 1 # ( MNRJ 6264 ) ; Xique-Xique (42.72953, 11.08025, 475 m), 27/I/2012, 1 # ( IBSP 162285 ) , 1 $ ( IBSP 162286 ) , 1 $ ( IBSP 162287 ) , 1 $ ( IBSP 162288 ) , 1 # ( IBSP 162695 ) , 1 # ( IBSP 166323 ) , 1 # ( IBSP 166324 ) , 1 $ ( UFMG 11027 ) , 1 # ( UFMG 11687 ) .

Figures

Figure 16. Living Sicarius specimens. A, Sicarius levii sp. nov., male paratype from Rıo Negro, Argentina (MACN). Photo by D. Proud. B, Sicarius levii sp. nov., female paratype from Rıo Negro, Argentina (MACN). Photo by H. A. Iuri. C, Sicarius peruensis (Keyserling, 1880), male from Cieneguilla, Lima, Peru (IBSP). D, Sicarius saci sp. nov., male from Morro do Chapeu, Bahia, Brasil (IBSP). Photo by G. F. B. Pereira. E, Sicarius jequitinhonha sp. nov., female from Espinosa, Minas Gerais, Brasil (IBSP). Photo by P. H. Martins. F, same data, male. G, Hexophthalma cf. hahni comb. rest., male from Blouberg, Limpopo, South Africa. Photo by S. Jacobsz. H, Hexophthalma sp., female from Klapmuts, Western Cape, South Africa. Photo by G. Van Zyl.

Figure 27. Distribution of Sicarius species. A, Sicarius saci sp. nov. (white stars), S. jequitinhonha sp. nov. (crosses), S. cariri Magalh~ aes, Brescovit & Santos 2013 (black stars), S. tropicus (Mello-Leit~ ao, 1936) (squares), S. ornatus Magalh~ aes, Brescovit & Santos, 2013 (triangles) and S. diadorim Magalh~ aes, Brescovit & Santos, 2013 (circles). B, S. peruensis (Keyserling, 1880) (circles) and S. andinus sp. nov. (stars). C, S. rugosus (F.O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1899). D, S. utriformis (Butler, 1877) (white star indicates type locality). Xeric formations are highlighted in red (deserts and xeric scrublands), yellow (dry forests) and brown (chaco).

Figure 55. Sicarius saci sp. nov. from Brazil, male genitalia in prolateral view. A, male holotype from Morro do Chap� eu, Bahia (UFMG 11021). B, same, cymbium and bulb. C, same, apical. D, Barra, Bahia (UFMG 11017). E, Lenç� ois, Bahia (MNRJ 6264). F, Xique-Xique, Bahia (IBSP 162285). E and F reproduced from Magalh~ aes et al. (2013) with permission from Magnolia Press. Scale bars = 0.1 mm (except A, 1 mm).

Figure 56. Sicarius saci sp. nov. from Brazil, female genitalia, digested. A, female paratype from Morro do Chapeu, Bahia (UFMG 11686), dorsal. B, same, ventral. C, Barra, Bahia (IBSP 162691), dorsal. D, same, ventral. E, Xique-Xique, Bahia (IBSP 162288), dorsal. F, same, ventral. E and F reproduced from Magalh~ aes et al. (2013) with permission from Magnolia Press. Scale bars = 0.1 mm.