Pseudopterogramma aestivale ( Richards, 1973 ), 2025

Kuwahara, Gregory K., Marshall, Stephen A. & Luk, Stephen P. L., 2025, A revision of Parapterogramma Papp and Pseudopterogramma Papp, with a review of the Parapterogramma genus group of the Pacific and Indomalayan regions (Diptera, Sphaeroceridae, Limosininae), European Journal of Taxonomy 998, pp. 1-124 : 73-78

Pseudopterogramma aestivale ( Richards, 1973) comb. nov.

Figs 43–45 , 68A , 69

Leptocera (Pterogramma) aestivalis Richards, 1973: 368 .

Pterogramma aestivale – Marshall 1989: 606. — Roháček et al. 2001: 212.

Type material

Holotype

AUSTRALIA – New South Wales • ♂; Otford; 31 Dec. 1962; D.H. Colless leg.; swept close to surface of rocks and water; ANIC.

Paratypes

AUSTRALIA – New South Wales • 3 ♂♂; near Mullumbimby, Huonbrook ; 4 Dec. 1961; McAlpine and Lossin leg.; AMSA • 1 ♂; Blue Mountains, Springwood ; 10 Jan. 1956; D.K. McAlpine leg.; AMSA • 1 ♂; Otford ; 4 Apr. 1958; D.K. McAlpine leg.; AMSA. All in AMSA except one now in BMNH

Material examined

AUSTRALIA – New South Wales • 1 ♂; Bruxner Park , 8 km N of Coffs Harbour; 140 m a.s.l.; 12 Jun.–25 Aug. 1982; S. Peck leg.; rainforest, flight-intercept trap; DEBU • 1 ♂, 7 ♀♀; Limpinwood Gardens ; 28°18′23″ S, 153°12′22″ E; 1 Apr. 2019; S.A. Marshall leg.; DEBU • 1 ♀; Minnamurra Falls ; 29 Jan. 1968; Z. Liepa leg.; ANIC • 1 ♂; Royal National Park, Scientist’ Cabin Trail ; 25 Dec. 2003; S.A. Marshall leg.; creek bed, sweep; DEBU • 1 ♂, 1 ♀; Springbrook, Dragonfly Cottage ; 28°11′22″ S, 153°16′04″ E; 28 Feb. 2019; S.A. Marshall leg.; DEBU • 7 ♂♂, 14 ♀♀; Ulong, Ashton’ s Eco Retreat ; 30°13′47″ S, 152°55′12″ E; 22 Mar. 2019; S.A. Marshall leg.; dung; DEBU . – Queensland • 1 ♂, 1 ♀; 5–8 mi. Mount Lewis Road off Mossman–Mount Mulloy Road ; 22 Apr. 1967; D.H. Colless leg.; ANIC • 3 ♂♂, 2 ♀♀; Arthur Baillie Road ; 17°41′ S, 145°31′ E; 1000 m a.s.l.; 6–8 Feb. 1999; D.J. Cook leg.; rainforest, automatic dung trap (day); QMBA • 1 ♂; Atherton Tablelands, Lake Eacham ; 5–8 Apr. 1999; S.A. Marshall leg.; sweep; DEBU • 2 ♂♂, 2 ♀♀; Atherton, Lake Eacham National Park, Wrights Creek ; 26–30 Jul. 1982; S. Peck leg.; rainforest, carrion trap; DEBU • 1 ♀; Brandy Creek , 18 km E of Proserpine; 100 m a.s.l.; 21 Jun.–10 Aug. 1982; S. and J. Peck leg.; rainforest, flight-intercept trap; DEBU • 1 ♀; Brisbane Forest Park, Enoggera Creek at Scrub Road ; 27°25′42″ S, 152°50′33″ E; 200 m a.s.l.; 3 Oct.–2 Nov. 1995; Gaimari and Irwin leg.; Malaise; DEBU • 1 ♂, 2 ♀♀; Cape Tribulation , 40 km N of Daintree; 10 m a.s.l.; 12–17 Jul. 1982; S. Peck leg.; rainforest, carrion trap; DEBU • 1 ♀; Cardwell Gap, 15 km N of Ingham; 80 m a.s.l.; 9 Aug. 1982; S. and J. Peck leg.; rainforest, flight-intercept trap; DEBU • 1 ♂, 4 ♀♀; Gillies Road, northeast Atherton , 16 km NE of Yungaburra; 800 m a.s.l.; 24 Jun.–3 Aug. 1982; S. Peck leg.; rainforest, flight-intercept trap; DEBU • 1 ♀; Josephine Falls ; 2 Jul. 1979; P.A. Parsons leg.; fruit bait; ANIC • 2 ♂♂; Kirrama State Forest , 32 km NW of Cardwell; 800 m a.s.l.; 23 Jun.–8Aug. 1982; S. and J. Peck leg.; rainforest, flight-intercept trap; DEBU • 2 ♂♂, 5 ♀♀; Kuranda State Forest , 3 km N of Kuranda; 360 m a.s.l.; 25 Jun.–3 Aug. 1982; S. Peck leg.; rainforest, flight-intercept trap; DEBU • 1 ♂, 2 ♀♀; same collection data as for preceding; 27–31 Jul. 1982; carrion trap; DEBU • 3 ♀♀; Laceys Creek, 10 km SE of El Arish, near Mission Beach ; 40 m a.s.l.; 23 Jun.–5 Aug. 1982; S. and J. Peck leg.; rainforest, flight-intercept trap; DEBU • 7 ♂♂, 7 ♀♀; Lake Eacham National Park ; Dec. 1974; I.R. Bock leg.; ANIC • 2 ♂♂, 1 ♀; Lake Euramoo ; 17°10′ S, 145°38′ E; 700 m a.s.l.; 10–11 Feb. 1999; D.J. Cook leg.; rainforest, dung pitfall; QMBA • 1 ♀; Longlands Gap , three-ways road junction; 17°28′ S, 145°29′ E; 1060 m a.s.l.; 3–6 Feb. 1999; Monteith and Cook leg.; wet sclerophyll, rotten bait; QMBA • 6 ♂♂, 4 ♀♀; Malanda, Malanda Falls Conservation Park; 730 m a.s.l.; 26–29 Jul. 1982; S. Peck leg.; rainforest, flight-intercept trap; DEBU • 1 ♂, 1 ♀; Maple Creek , W of Innisfail; 17°41′ S, 145°42′ E; 23 Apr. 1980; S.F. McEvey leg.; rainforest, swept; ANIC • 1 ♂; Millaa-Millaa Falls ; 17°30′ S, 145°37′ E; 800 m a.s.l.; 6–9 Feb. 1999; Monteith and Cook leg.; rainforest, fungus pitfall; QMBA • 1 ♀; Mill Creek ; 17°30′ S, 145°27′ E; 1000 m a.s.l.; 5–9 Feb. 1999; Monteith and Cook leg.; open forest, fungus pitfall; QMBA • 1 ♂; same collection data as for preceding; 940 m a.s.l.; rotten bait; QMBA • 1 ♀; Millstream Conservation Park ; 17°32′ S, 145°29′ E; 1040 m a.s.l.; 6 Dec. 1998 – 4 Feb. 1999; Monteith and Cook leg.; open forest, flight-intercept trap; QMBA • 2 ♂♂; same collection data as for preceding; 3–5 Feb. 1999; wet sclerophyll, fungus trap; QMBA • 1 ♂; Millstream Retreat ; 17°32′ S, 145°31′ E; 1020 m a.s.l.; 14–17 Apr. 1999; G.B. and S.R. Monteith leg.; wet sclerophyll, fungus trap; QMBA • 5 ♂♂, 2 ♀♀; Mossman Gorge National Park , 6 km SW of Mossman; 50 m a.s.l.; 11–18 Jul. 1982; S. and J. Peck leg.; rainforest, carrion trap; DEBU • 1 ♀; Mount Edith Forest Road, 1.6 km off Danbulla Road ; 6 May 1967; D.H. Colless leg.; ANIC • 2 ♀♀; Mount Glorious ; 27°19′54″ S, 152°45′29″ E; 24–30 Dec. 1997; T. Hiller leg.; Malaise; DEBU • 5 ♂♂, 2 ♀♀; Mount Hypipamee National Park , 14 km SW of Malanda; 960 m a.s.l.; 24 Jul.–2 Aug. 1982; S. and J. Peck leg.; rainforest, carrion trap; DEBU • 13 ♂♂, 7 ♀♀; Mount Lewis , 20 km SW of Mossman; 1000 m a.s.l.; 10 Jul.–1 Aug. 1982; S. and J. Peck leg.; carrion trap; DEBU • 11 ♂♂, 5 ♀♀; same collection data as for preceding; rainforest, dung trap; DEBU • 4 ♂♂, 8 ♀♀; same collection data as for preceding; flight-intercept trap; DEBU • 1 ♀; Mount Lewis , 20 km SW of Mossman; 900 m a.s.l.; 26 Jun.–1 Aug. 1982; S. and J. Peck leg.; rainforest, flight-intercept trap; DEBU • 1 ♂; near Daintree, Thorton Range ; 200 m a.s.l.; 12–18 Jul. 1982; S. and J. Peck leg.; carrion trap; DEBU • 4 ♂♂, 6 ♀♀; near Innisfail, Palmerston National Park ; 360 m a.s.l.; 2–5 Aug. 1982; S. and J. Peck leg.; carrion trap; DEBU • 16 ♂♂, 22 ♀♀; near Wallaman Falls , 40 km W of Ingham; 600 m a.s.l.; 22 Jun.–7 Aug. 1982; S. Peck leg.; rainforest, flight-intercept trap; DEBU • 1 ♀; Paluma ; 12 Nov. 1975; P.A. Parsons leg.; rainforest, mushroom bait; ANIC • 4 ♀♀; Paluma, Paluma Dam Road ; 850 m a.s.l.; 22 Jun.–6 Aug. 1982; S. Peck leg.; rainforest, flight-intercept trap; DEBU • 1 ♀; 3 km SE of Ravenshoe ; 17°38′ S, 145°30′ E; 960 m a.s.l.; 4–6 Feb. 1999; G.B. Monteith leg.; dung pitfall; QMBA • 1 ♂; Ravenshoe , 3 km SE; 17°38′ S, 145°30′ E; 960 m a.s.l.; 15–18 Apr. 1999; G.B. and S.R. Monteith leg.; open forest, fungus trap; QMBA • 1 ♀; 4 km SSE of Ravenshoe ; 17°39′ S, 145°30′ E; 4–6 Feb. 1999; Monteith and Cook leg.; open forest, dung trap; QMBA • 1 ♀; 9 km N of Ravenshoe ; 17°32′ S, 145°29′ E; 1060 m a.s.l.; 3–5 Feb. 1999; Monteith and Cook leg.; wet sclerophyll, dung pitfall; QMBA • 1 ♂; same collection data as for preceding; fish pitfall; QMBA • 2 ♀♀; 9.5 km N of Ravenshoe ; 17°32′ S, 145°29′ E; 1060 m a.s.l.; 14–17 Apr. 1999; G.B. and S.R. Monteith leg.; wet sclerophyll, dung trap; QMBA • 3 ♂♂, 1 ♀; Rex Range , 12 km S of Mossman; 400 m a.s.l.; 10–18 Jul. 1982; S. Peck leg.; rainforest, carrion trap; DEBU • 4 ♂♂, 10 ♀♀; Rosina Creek, 14 km SE of Millaa Millaa, Palmerston Highway ; 720 m a.s.l.; 24 Jun.–2 Aug. 1982; S. Peck leg.; rainforest, flight-intercept trap; DEBU • 1 ♂, 2 ♀♀; Sluice Creek ; 17°32′ S, 145°32′ E; 4–5 Feb. 1999; D.J. Cook leg.; rainforest, automatic dung trap (day); QMBA • 1 ♀; Vine Creek, Majors Mountain ; 17°41′ S, 145°32′ E; 1060 m a.s.l.; 4–6 Feb. 1999; Monteith and Cook leg.; rainforest, dung pitfall QMBA • 3 ♀♀; same collection data as for preceding; fungus pitfall; QMBA • 1 ♂; same collection data as for preceding; fish pitfall; QMBA • 7 ♂♂, 11 ♀♀; West side of Mount Bartle Frere ; 30 Jul.–4 Aug. 1982; S. and J. Peck leg.; carrion trap; DEBU • 1 ♀; Wongabel State Forest ; 5 May 1967; D.H. Colless leg.; ANIC • 1 ♂; Yungaburra ( State Forest 452); 29 Apr. 1967; D.H. Colless leg.; ANIC .

Redescription

BODY ( Fig. 43 ). Length 1.2–1.9 mm. Head brown, lower portion of frons and upwards between interfrontal and orbital plates orange. Interfrontal bristles in four pairs. Thorax brown, dull microtomentose.Anterior dorsocentral bristles separated by 9–10 rows of acrostichal setulae. Fore and hind tarsi greatly enlarged, flattened dorsoventrally. Ventral surface of mid tibia with only a large apicoventral bristle in both sexes. Hind tibia with several slightly thickened dorsal preapical setae. Wing ( Fig. 68A ) pale with two indistinct darker spots at middle of R and just beyond R. R almost straight with a slight sinuate curve about 2+3 2+3 2+3

midlength.

MALE ABDOMEN ( Fig. 44 ). S5 simple, right side 1.5× as long as left, uniformly setose, and posteromedially desclerotized. S6 long and thin, anterolateral corner flat. Epandrium wedge-shaped and relatively sparsely setose; cercus large, flattened, and shiny, distinctly paler than epandrium, with a long seta and several smaller setulae. Surstylus long, only slightly bent: anterior lobe long, subrectangular with a basal constriction and an apical emargination, inner surface with long setae, posterior lobe stout, rectangular with fine outer setulae and stout inner setae. Postgonite elongate, slender, basal half curved forwards, apical half straight and tapered. Phallapodeme long, slightly sinuate, and apically truncate; basiphallus tall, 3.0× as tall as long in lateral view, very slightly tapered apically with a small dorsobasal tooth. Distiphallus large, box-like, with a large, broad ventral sclerite whose apex is downcurved and ring-shaped, and a pair of long, dorsoventrally flattened, hoop-like dorsolateral sclerites supporting the membranous sides and apex.

FEMALE ABDOMEN ( Fig. 45 ). T6 and T7 desclerotized dorsally to form separate lateral sclerites. Epiproct subtriangular, desclerotized posteromedially. Cercus semicircular with very long, very thick apical seta and two long preapical setae. S6 desclerotized anteromedially and posteromedially; S7 medially desclerotized; S8 small, entire. Hypoproct small, diamond-shaped, largely membranous, only with pair of thickened setae. Spermathecae stout, spherical, slightly constricted apically, and very lightly grooved.

Distribution

Australasian/Oceanian: Australia (NSW, QLD).

Remarks

Pseudopterogramma aestivale is a distinctive species, easily identified by the large, dorsoventrally flattened fore and hind tarsi; females are characterized by thick, finger-like apical cercal setae.

Figures

Fig. 43. Pseudopterogramma aestivale (Richards, 1973) (debu00163000, QMBA). A. Male habitus, lateral view. B. Male head, anterodorsal view. Scale bars: A = 0.50 mm; B = 0.25 mm.

Fig. 44.Pseudopterogramma aestivale (Richards, 1973) (DEBU). A.Aedeagus and associated structures, lateral view. B. Male terminalia, lateral view. C. Male S5-8, ventral view. Scale bars: A–C = 0.10 mm.

Fig. 45. Pseudopterogramma aestivale (Richards, 1973) (DEBU). A. Female terminalia, dorsal view. B. Female terminalia, ventral view. C. Female terminalia, lateral view. D. Single spermatheca. E. Paired spermathecae. Scale bars: A–C = 0.30 mm; D–E = 0.01 mm.

Fig. 68. Pseudopterogramma Papp, 2008, left wings, ventral views. A. Ps. aestivale (Richards, 1973) (QMBA). B. Ps. annectens (Richards, 1964) (CAS). C. Ps. brevivenosum (Tenorio, 1967) (DEBU). D. Ps. conicum (Richards, 1946) (DEBU). E. Ps. fenestrata (Richards, 1973) (QMBA). F. Ps. fijiensis sp. nov., paratype (BPBM). G. Ps. kasut sp. nov., paratype (DEBU). H. Ps. ketambensis sp. nov., paratype (ROME). I. Ps. metatarsalis (Papp, 2008) (LKCNMH). J. Ps. siamense Papp, 2008 (ROME). Scale bars: A–J = 0.50 mm.

Fig. 69. Distribution map of Pseudopterogramma Papp, 2008.