Phanerotomella zhejiangensis He & Chen, 1995

He, Jia-Yue, Achterberg, Cornelis Van, He, Jun-Hua, Tang, Pu & Chen, Xue-Xin, 2025, The genus Phanerotomella Szépligeti (Insecta, Hymenoptera, Braconidae, Cheloninae) from China, with descriptions of sixteen new species, European Journal of Taxonomy 1002, pp. 1-130 : 116-124

Phanerotomella zhejiangensis He & Chen, 1995

Figs 77–78

Phanerotomella zhejiangensis He & Chen in He, Chen & Ma, 1995: 562, 564.

Phanerotomella zhejiangensis – He et al. 2001: 47–48, 50; 2004: 642–643. — Chen & Ji 2003: 180, 207, 230.

Diagnosis

Mandible robust, inner tooth about 0.7× as long as apical tooth ( Fig. 78F ); medial length of third metasomal tergite about 0.6–0.7× as long as second tergite ( Fig. 78J ); metasomal carapace mainly ivory, at most medially with some small infuscate patches ( Fig. 78L ).

Type material

Holotype

CHINA – Zhejiang • ♀; Baishanzu; 19 Jul. 1994; H. Wu leg.; ZJUH No. 946873.

Paratype

CHINA – Zhejiang • 1 ♀; Kaihua, Gutian Mt. ; 21 Jul. 1992; H. Wu leg.; ZJUH No. 948992 .

Host

Unknown.

Distribution

China (Zhejiang).

Key to Chinese species of the genus Phanerotomella Szépligeti, 1900

1. Legs very slender, especially hind leg ( Fig. 66L ), hind femur about 6.0× as long as wide; body length about 3.5 mm ( Fig. 65 ); face and temple punctate ( Fig. 66B–C ); mesopleuron rugulose-punctate and with a distinctly smooth and shiny area ( Fig. 66J ); [metasoma 1.9× as long as wide ( Fig. 66K ); vein m-cu postfurcal ( Fig. 66H ); second submarginal cell sessile ( Fig. 66H )]............ P. tenuipes sp. nov.

– Legs at least moderately robust ( Figs 12F , 64L ); if the hind femur is about 6.0× as long as wide ( Figs 4F , 26F ), then body length at least 5.0 mm ( Figs 3 , 25 ); sculpture of face, temple, and mesopleuron variable......................................................................................................................... 2

2. Vein m-cu of fore wing postfurcal ( Figs 4G , 54G )............................................................................ 3 – Vein m-cu of fore wing antefurcal ( Figs 2H , 38G ) or interstitial ( Figs 20G , 42G )......................... 33

3. Metasoma narrowing to apex and widest at basal half ( Fig. 6K ); apex of metasoma truncated in dorsal view ( Fig. 6K ); antenna of female hardly widened medially ( Fig. 6D ), with 12–14 subapical segments moniliform and 24 th –27 th segments suddenly wider than long while other segments remain longer than wide ( Fig. 6E ); temple smooth and shiny ( Fig. 6C ); mesopleuron punctate and with distinctly smooth and shiny area posteriorly ( Fig. 6J ); [metasoma in lateral view flat ( Fig. 5 ); second submarginal cell sessile and distinctly narrowed anteriorly ( Fig. 6G ); temple in dorsal view narrowed behind eye ( Fig. 6A ); mandible slender and inner tooth of mandible 0.4× apical tooth ( Fig. 6F )].................................................................................................... P. apetila Chen & Ji, 2003

– Metasoma narrowing to base and widest at apical half ( Fig. 70J ) or symmetrically shaped and widest at middle ( Figs 14K , 24I ); apex of metasoma not truncated in dorsal view ( Fig. 14K ); antenna of female more or less widened medially ( Figs 52K , 68D ), if not widened medially then 24 th –27 th segments at least as long as wide ( Fig. 14L ); temple and mesopleuron variable.............................. 4

4. Parastigma white ( Fig. 52G ); antenna of female strongly widened medially and with 11–13 subapical segments moniliform ( Fig. 52K–L ); mandible slender and inner tooth of mandible strongly reduced, 0.2–0.3× as long as its apical tooth ( Fig. 52D ); [mesopleuron punctate-reticulate and with distinctly smooth and shiny area posteriorly ( Fig. 52I ); temple superficially rugulose and shiny ( Fig. 52C ); scapus and pedicellus yellow and contrasting with dark brown flagellum ( Fig. 52K ); second submarginal cell with petiolate ( Fig. 52G )]..................................... P. pallidistigma Ji & Chen, 2003

– Parastigma usually yellow or brown ( Figs 48H , 50G ); antenna of female comparatively less widened medially ( Figs 48D , 50K ) or very slender ( Figs 62K , 64E ); mandible more robust and inner tooth of mandible longer, at least 0.4 × as long as apical tooth ( Figs 48F , 50D )............................................. 5

5. Scapus in lateral view white, ivory, yellow (rarely laterally infuscated), brown or black and fourth antennal segment different in colour ( Figs 15 , 54K , 64E )................................................................. 6 – Scapus in lateral view pale yellow, brownish yellow, infuscated or black (sometimes anteriorly whitish) and fourth antennal segment similar in colour ( Figs 4K , 30J , 78D ) ................................. 22

6. 3 rd –5 th antennal segments white or ivory (fifth may be brownish or up to sixth white) and contrasting with brown or black scapus ( Figs 10K , 18L , 26K , 50K , 64E ) .......................................................... 7 – 3 rd –5 th antennal segments blackish, dark brown to pale brown and contrasting with white, ivory or yellow scapus ( Figs 8D , 16K , 36K , 40K , 48D , 54K , 56K , 58E , 68D , 70K , 72L , 74K ) ..................11 7. Antenna with subapical segments moniliform ( Fig. 18L ); scapus yellowish brown and contrasting with dark brown apical antennal segments ( Fig. 18L ); mesopleuron coarsely reticulate ( Fig. 18J ); metasoma in lateral view flat ( Fig. 17 ); lateral border of metasomal carapace more curved in dorsal view ( Fig. 18K )......................................................................... P. bisulcata ( Herrich-Schäffer, 1838) – Antenna with subapical segments non-moniliform ( Figs 26L , 64F ); scapus dark brown or black and less contrasting with dark brown or black apical antennal segments ( Figs 26K , 64E ); mesopleuron densely and rather finely reticulate ( Fig. 26I ) or punctate ( Fig. 64I ); metasoma in lateral view curved ( Figs 25 , 63 ); lateral border of metasomal carapace comparatively less curved ( Figs 26J , 64J ) ...... 8

8. Body small, length about 2.7 mm ( Fig. 49 ); mesopleuron densely and finely reticulate and with distinctly smooth and shiny area posteriorly ( Fig. 50I ); hind tibia dark brown except basally with white part and contrasting with yellowish brown hind femur ( Fig. 50F ); hind coxa ivory ( Fig. 50F ); [face and temple rugulose ( Fig. 50B–C )] ............................................................ P. nigrisoma sp nov.

– Body distinctly larger, length 4.0– 6.1 mm ( Figs 9 , 25 , 63 ); mesopleuron densely and finely reticulate or punctate but without smooth and shiny area posteriorly ( Figs 10I , 26I , 64I ); hind tibia black except basally white and less contrasting with black hind femur ( Figs 10F , 26F , 64L ); hind coxa black except basally whitish ( Figs 10F , 26F , 64L ) ............................................................................ 9

9. Mesopleuron distinctly punctate in lower part ( Fig. 64I ); mesosoma black ( Fig. 64H–I ); vein 1-SR+M straight ( Fig. 64G ); [vein r of fore wing curved ( Fig. 64G ); face and temple punctate and shiny ( Fig. 64B–C )].................................................................................. P. taiwanensis Zettel, 1989

– Mesopleuron densely and finely reticulate entirely ( Figs 10I , 26I ); mesosoma orange-brown ( Figs 10I, 10H , 26I, 26H ); vein 1-SR+M more or less curved ( Figs 10G , 26G )............................. 10

10. Propodeum with pair of distinctly large and finger-shaped tubercles latero-posteriorly ( Fig. 26I ); vein 1-SR+M rather curved ( Fig. 26G ); vein r 0.9× as long as vein r-m ( Fig. 26G ); mandible more robust and inner tooth of mandible longer, 0.5× as long as its apical tooth ( Fig. 26D ); length of fore wing 5.5 mm; scutellum densely and rather finely reticulate and matt ( Fig. 26H ); temple rugulose and matt ( Fig. 26C ); hind tarsus white ( Fig. 26F ); [metasoma black except first tergite orange-brown ( Fig. 26J )] ............................................................................................................... P. digitata sp. nov.

– Propodeum with pair of small tubercles latero-posteriorly ( Fig. 10I ); vein 1-SR+M slightly curved ( Fig. 10G ); vein r 1.3× as long as vein r-m ( Fig. 10G ); mandible slender and inner tooth of mandible reduced, 0.4 × as long as apical tooth ( Fig. 10D ); length of fore wing 4.6 mm ( Fig. 10G ); scutellum largely punctate except basally reticulate and shiny ( Fig. 10H ); temple punctate and shiny ( Fig. 10C ); hind tarsus dark brown ( Fig. 10F ) ................................................................. P. aurantisoma sp. nov.

11. Body entirely pale yellow except for brown flagellum ( Fig. 47 ); pterostigma, parastigma and veins of fore wing yellow ( Fig. 48H ); face largely smooth except for fine punctation and less contrasting with smooth clypeus ( Fig. 48B ); mesopleuron densely and superficially punctate ( Fig. 48J ); stemmaticum distinctly narrowed, OD 1.3–1.4 × as long as POL and ocelli arranged in triangle with base 0.9 × its sides ( Fig. 48A ); [basal carina of first metasomal tergite distinctly developed ( Fig. 48K ); metasoma regularly reticulate except first tergite longitudinally striate medially ( Fig. 48K )]............................. .............................................................................................. P. mellivena van Achterberg , nom. nov.

– Body largely brownish yellow and at most with blackish patches ( Fig. 39 ) or largely black and at most with yellowish patches ( Figs 7 , 15 ); pterostigma, parastigma and veins of fore wing pale brown to darkened brown ( Figs 8H , 16G ); face rugulose or distinctly and densely punctate and strongly contrasting with smooth or finely punctate clypeus ( Figs 8B , 16B ); mesopleuron coarsely rugose ( Figs 16I , 68J ), reticulate ( Figs 36I , 54I ) or distinctly punctate ( Figs 8J , 56I ) and at most with smooth area posteriorly ( Fig. 68J ); stemmaticum comparatively enlarged, OD 0.5–1.0 × as long as POL and ocelli arranged in triangle with base 1.0–2.0 × as long as its sides ( Figs 8A , 16A ) ........................ 12 12. Face, temple and mesopleuron distinctly punctate ( Fig. 56B, 56C, 56I ); clypeus yellow and distinctly contrasting with black face ( Fig. 56B ); mandible rather robust ( Fig. 56D ); lamella of third metasomal tergite posteriorly with 2 very small and blunt tubercles and less contrasting with lamella ( Fig. 56E ); [first metasomal tergite ivory and with at least black semi-circular spot medio-basally ( Fig. 56J ); face black with 2 yellow wide and oblique stripes ( Fig. 56B ); scapus yellow and contrasting with brown flagellum ( Fig. 56K ); hind femur yellow except distally with small and black spot ( Fig. 56F )] ....................................................................................... P. rhytisma Chen & Ji, 2003

– At least one of face, temple or mesopleuron reticulate or rugulose ( Figs 8C , 54B , 58I ); clypeus reddish black and less contrasting with black face ( Figs 16B , 54B ) or clypeus yellow and no contrasting with yellow face ( Figs 40B , 70B ); mandible comparatively slender ( Figs 54D , 58D ); lamella of third metasomal tergite posteriorly with 2 distinct but blunt tubercles and strongly contrasting with lamella ( Figs 54E , 58L ) ................................................................................................................... 13

13. Hind coxa pale yellow except brown apically ( Fig. 54F ); vein r of fore wing 1.7× as long as vein r-m ( Fig. 54G ); hind femur slender, 4.5 × as long as wide ( Fig. 54F ); [scapus and pedicellus white and strongly contrasting with dark brown flagellum ( Fig. 54K ); hind femur black and hind tibia black except basal white part ( Fig. 54F ); hind trochanter and tarsus white ( Fig. 54F ); mesopleuron densely and regularly reticulate ( Fig. 54I ); face rugulose ( Fig. 54B ) but temple densely punctate ( Fig. 54C ); scutellum largely reticulate except posteriorly punctate ( Fig. 54H ); temple in dorsal view somewhat widened behind eye ( Fig. 54A )] ......................................................... P. palliscapus Chen & Ji, 2003

– Hind coxa entirely ivory or yellow ( Figs 40F , 68L ) and at most with brown spot ventrally ( Fig. 58K ); vein r of fore wing 0.8–1.3 × as long as vein r-m ( Figs 58G , 72G ); hind femur comparatively robust, at most 4.0 × as long as wide ( Figs 58K , 72F )................................................................................. 14

14. Antenna of female widened medially and at least 20 th –26 th segments as long as wide ( Figs 68D , 72L ); subapical segments moniliform ( Figs 68E , 72L ); mesopleuron reticulate or rugose and with distinctly smooth and shiny area posteriorly ( Figs 68J , 72J )........................................................... 15

– Antenna of female slender ( Figs 16K , 74K ) or if widened medially then all segments longer than wide ( Fig. 8D ); subapical segments non-moniliform ( Figs 8E , 16L ); mesopleuron punctate, reticulate or rugose but without distinctly smooth and shiny area posteriorly ( Figs 8J , 16I ) ......................... 16

15. Face and temple densely punctate and shiny ( Fig. 68B–C ); mesopleuron largely coarsely rugose and with smooth and shiny area posteriorly ( Fig. 68J ); scapus white ( Fig. 68D ); lamella of third metasomal tergite wide ( Fig. 68G ); hind femur 4.0× as long as wide ( Fig. 68L ); hind femur brownish yellow except basally white ( Fig. 68L ); hind tibia dark brown except basally white ( Fig. 68L )........ ......................................................................................................................... P. townesi Zettel, 1989

– Face and temple rugulose and matt ( Fig. 72B–C ); mesopleuron largely finely reticulate and with smooth and shiny area posteriorly ( Fig. 72J ); scapus brownish yellow ( Fig. 72L ); lamella of third metasomal tergite narrow ( Fig. 72E ); hind femur 3.6× as long as wide ( Fig. 72F ); hind femur and tibia dark brown except basally brownish yellow ( Fig. 72F ).......... P. xizangensis He & Chen, 2001

16. Temple in dorsal view widening behind eye ( Fig. 40A ); mesosoma largely brownish yellow except in dorsal view lateral borders with dark brown patches ( Fig. 40H ); temple rugulose and matt ( Fig. 40C ); mesopleuron reticulate ( Fig. 40I ); [antenna slender and apical segments non-moniliform ( Fig. 40K ); metasoma dark brown except first tergite and second tergite medio-basally yellow ( Fig. 40J ); scapus yellow ( Fig. 40K ); flagellum basal half brown and distal half yellowish ( Fig. 40K )] .................................................................................................. P. gladia Chen & Ji, 2003

– Temple in dorsal view parallel-sided ( Figs 16A , 36A ) or slightly narrowing behind eye ( Figs 8A , 58A ); mesosoma entirely black and at most with reddish brown patches ( Figs 8I , 70H ); at least temple or mesopleuron punctate and shiny ( Figs 8J , 70C ).............................................................. 17

17. Mesopleuron distinctly and densely punctate ( Fig. 8J ); temple rugulose ( Fig. 8C ); temple in lateral view angularly widened ( Fig. 8C ); antenna of female distinctly widened medially and subapical segments somewhat serrate ( Fig. 8D–E ); [scapus and pedicellus yellow ( Fig. 8D ); flagellum basal half pale brown and apical half dark brown ( Fig. 8D ); body black except face and clypeus reddish ( Figs 7 , 8B ); hind femur and tibia brown except basally yellowish ( Fig. 8L )]................................... ............................................................................................................................ P. atratoides sp. nov.

– Mesopleuron reticulate ( Figs 36I , 58I ) or rugose ( Fig. 16I ); temple punctate or smooth ( Figs 16C , 36C ); temple rounded in lateral view ( Figs 16C , 36C ); antenna of female more slender and subapical segments less serrate ( Figs 16K , 36K ) ............................................................................................ 18

18. Head in dorsal view more transverse ( Figs 16A , 36A ); temple in dorsal view parallel-sided behind eye ( Figs 16A , 36A ); mandible comparatively robust ( Figs 16D , 36D ) ......................................... 19

– Head in dorsal view less transverse ( Figs 58A , 70A , 74A ); temple in dorsal view slightly narrowing behind eye ( Figs 58A , 70A , 74A ); mandible more slender ( Figs 58D , 70D , 74D )......................... 20

19. Basal carina of first metasomal tergite distinctly developed ( Fig. 16J ); first metasomal tergite distinctly longitudinally striate ( Fig. 16J ); apex of metasoma less flat ( Fig. 16J ); temple distinctly finely punctate and shiny ( Fig. 16C ); mesopleuron coarsely rugose ( Fig. 16I ) .......... P. bicolorata He & Chen, 1995

– Basal carina of first metasomal tergite weakly developed ( Fig. 36J ); first metasomal tergite finely reticulate ( Fig. 36J ); apex of metasoma more flat ( Fig. 36J ); temple smooth and with satin sheen ( Fig. 36C ); mesopleuron irregularly reticulate ( Fig. 36I )....................................... P. fulgida sp. nov.

20. Vein SR1 4.0 × as long as vein r ( Fig. 74G ); length of fore wing 3.6 mm ( Fig. 74G ); border of metasomal carapace distinctly curved ( Fig. 74J ); metasoma blackish brown except lateral borders of first tergite yellow ( Fig. 74J ).......................................................................................... P. xui sp. nov.

– Vein SR1 5.0× as long as vein r ( Figs 58G , 70G ); length of fore wing 2.8–3.1 mm ( Figs 58G , 70G ); border of metasomal carapace more flat ( Figs 58J , 70J ); metasoma blackish brown except first tergite and second tergite medio-basally yellow ( Figs 58J , 70J ) ..................................................... 21

21. Head brownish yellow ( Fig. 70A ); mesoscutum medially finely reticulate ( Fig. 70H ); scutellar sulcus with 5 small crenulae ( Fig. 70H ) .................................................. P. varicolorata Zettel, 1989

– Head black ( Fig. 58A ); mesoscutum medially coarsely reticulate ( Fig. 58H ); scutellar sulcus with 4 large crenulae ( Fig. 58H ) ....................................................................................... P. rugifera sp. nov.

22. Antenna with white band on 10 th –12 th segments ( Fig. 4K ); mandible basal half blackish and apical half yellowish and with reddish teeth ( Fig. 4D ); hind femur slender, 5.6× as long as wide ( Fig. 4F ); [body length about 5.3 mm ( Fig. 3 ); body black ( Fig. 3 ); hind femur black and hind tibia black except basally white ( Fig. 4F )] ............................................................................ P. annulata sp. nov.

– Antenna with yellow or brown band on 10 th –12 th segments ( Figs 24J , 78D ); mandible yellowish and with reddish teeth ( Figs 24D , 78F ); hind femur more or less widened medially, at most 4.6 × as long as wide ( Figs 62F , 78K )................................................................................................................... 23

23. Eye distinctly small in dorsal view, 0.6× as long as temple ( Figs 30A , 34A ); hind femur basal half pale yellow and apical half brown ( Figs 30E , 34G ); face rugose ( Figs 30B , 34B ); temple and mesopleuron punctate and with satin sheen ( Figs 30C, 30H , 34C, 34K ); [mesosoma in lateral view blackish except prothorax pale yellowish ( Figs 30H , 34K )] ........................................................... 24

– Eye comparatively large in dorsal view, at least 0.8 × as long as temple ( Figs 14A , 24A ); hind femur entirely yellow ( Figs 24E , 60F ), brown ( Fig. 44F ) or black ( Figs 14F , 62F ); sculpture of face, temple and mesopleuron variable ................................................................................................................ 25

24. Inner tooth of mandible 0.6× as long as apical tooth ( Fig. 30D ); lamella of third metasomal tergite posteriorly with 2 small and blunt tubercles ( Fig. 30L ); temple and face largely black except yellowish around eye ( Fig. 30B–C ); head in dorsal view black except yellow spot around eye ( Fig. 30A ) ....... ............................................................................................................................ P. emeiensis sp. nov.

– Inner tooth of mandible 0.4× as long as apical tooth ( Fig. 34D ); lamella of third metasomal tergite posteriorly without tubercles ( Fig. 34M ); temple and face entirely yellow ( Fig. 34B–C ); head in dorsal view reddish brown without yellow spot around eye ( Fig. 34A ) ............. P. flavigena sp. nov.

25. Body distinctly large, length 4.7–6.3 mm ( Figs 13 , 61 ); posterior ocellus large and round, OD 1.2– 1.4 × as long as POL ( Figs 14A , 62A ); hind femur and tibia blackish ( Figs 14F , 62F ); temple punctate and shiny ( Figs 14C , 62C ); mesopleuron punctate-reticulate and without smooth area posteriorly ( Figs 14J , 62I ).................................................................................................................................. 26

– Body comparatively small, length 2.7–4.0 mm ( Figs 23 , 77 ); posterior ocellus comparatively small, OD at most 0.9 × as long as POL ( Figs 24A , 78A ); hind femur and tibia yellowish or brownish ( Figs 24E , 44F ); sculpture of temple and mesopleuron variable..................................................... 27

26. Eye in lateral view 1.2 × as wide as maximum width of temple ( Fig. 62C ) and eye in dorsal view strongly protruding ( Fig. 62A ); mesosoma conspicuously orange-brown ( Fig. 62H–I ) and contrasting with black head; metasomal carapace medially black and laterally orange brown ( Fig. 62J ); hind coxa pale yellow ( Fig. 62F ) ............................................................................ P. sinensis Zettel, 1989

– Eye in lateral view at most 1.0× as wide as maximum width of temple ( Fig. 14C ) and eye in dorsal view less protruding ( Fig. 14A ); mesosoma largely black except metanotum and propodeum posteriorly yellowish ( Fig. 14I ) and less contrasting with black head; metasomal carapace black except basally yellow ( Fig. 14K ); hind coxa yellow except laterally somewhat dark brown ( Fig. 14F ).................... ........................................................................................................................... P. bellula Papp, 1989

27. Second submarginal cell distinctly petiolate, at least 0.5× as long as vein r ( Fig. 44G ); mesopleuron and mesoscutum medial-posteriorly irregularly and coarsely rugose ( Fig. 44I–J ); hind femur dark brown ( Fig. 44F ); [antennal basal half yellow and apical half brown ( Fig. 44E )].............................. ..................................................................................................................... P. longa Ji & Chen, 2003

– Second submarginal cell sessile or weakly petiolate ( Fig. 24F , 76G ); mesopleuron and mesoscutum rugulose or regularly and finely reticulate ( Figs 24G, 24H , 78H, 78I ); hind femur yellow ( Figs 24E , 78K ) ................................................................................................................................................. 28

28. Mandible robust, inner tooth about 0.7 × as long as apical tooth ( Fig. 78F ); medial length of third metasomal tergite about 0.6–0.7× as long as that of second tergite ( Fig. 78J ); metasomal carapace mainly ivory, at most medially with some small infuscate patches ( Fig. 78L ) ................................... ...................................................................................................... P. zhejiangensis He & Chen, 1995

– Mandible slender, inner tooth about 0.4–0.6 × as long as apical tooth ( Figs 24D , 60D ); medial length of third metasomal tergite about 0.9–1.0× as long as that of second tergite ( Figs 24I , 60J ); metasomal carapace yellow, brown or black, if medially with infuscate patches then distinctly enlarged ( Fig. 24I ) ........................................................................................................................... 29

29. Eye strongly protruding in dorsal view ( Fig. 24A ); antenna slender ( Fig. 24J ); metasomal carapace yellow except broadly dark brown medially ( Fig. 24I ) ................................... P. collinsi Zettel, 1989

– Eye less protruding in dorsal view ( Figs 28A , 60A ); antenna widened medially ( Figs 28K , 60E ); metasomal carapace yellowish brown and at most third tergite and second tergite medio-apically darkened ( Figs 60J , 76K ) or black ( Fig. 28J ) .................................................................................. 30

30. Hind femur robust, 3.5× as long as wide ( Fig. 60F ); metasoma about 1.9 × as long as wide ( Fig. 60J ); antenna brown except basally yellow ( Fig. 60E ); temple honeycomb-like sculptured ( Fig. 60C ); [metasomal carapace yellowish brown but third tergite more or less darkened ( Fig. 60J ); mesopleuron and metasoma honeycomb-like sculptured ( Figs 60I, 60J ); face and frons rugulose ( Fig. 60A–B )] ....................................................................................................... P. rugulosa sp. nov.

– Hind femur comparatively slender, 4.0–4.4 × as long as wide ( Figs 28F , 76F ); metasoma about 1.7 × as long as wide ( Fig. 28J , 76K ); antenna brown ( Fig. 76E ) or blackish brown ( Fig. 28K ); temple rugulose ( Fig. 76C ) or punctate ( Fig. 28C ) ..................................................................................... 31

31. Second submarginal cell weakly petiolate ( Fig. 76G ); metasomal carapace yellowish brown except third tergite and second tergite medio-apically darkened ( Fig. 76K ); temple rugulose ( Fig. 76C ); [mesopleuron and metasoma honeycomb-like sculptured ( Figs 76J–K )] ........................................... .................................................................................................... P. yemenitica van Achterberg, 2021

– Second submarginal cell sessile ( Fig. 28G ); metasomal carapace black ( Fig. 28J ); temple punctate ( Fig. 28C )......................................................................................................................................... 32

32. Eye in dorsal view 0.8× as long as temple ( Fig. 28A ); mesopleuron rugulose and with distinct smooth and shiny area posteriorly ( Fig. 28I ); 21 th –28 th segments of antenna at most as long as wide ( Fig. 28K ); first metasomal tergite distinctly longitudinally striate medially ( Fig. 28J ) ..................... ...................................................................................................................... P. distenticornis sp. nov.

– Eye in dorsal view 1.2–1.3 × as long as temple; mesopleuron honeycomb-like sculptured but without smooth and shiny area posteriorly; 21 st –28 th segments of antenna longer than wide; first metasomal tergite finely honeycomb-like sculptured ............................................ P. nigricaner Chen & Ji, 2003

33. Eye distinctly large, in lateral view at least 1.6 × as wide as maximum width of temple ( Fig. 12C ).. ......................................................................................................................................................... 34 – Eye comparatively small, in lateral view at most 1.3 × as wide as maximum width of temple ( Figs 20C , 46C ) ............................................................................................................................... 35

34. Second submarginal cell strongly petiolate, at least 0.5× as long as vein r ( Fig. 12G ); hind femur robust, 3.0× as long as wide ( Fig. 12F ); OOL 3.1× as long as OD ( Fig. 12A ); lamella of third metasomal tergite distinctly protruding medio-apically ( Fig. 12K ); mesopleuron regularly reticulate and with smooth and shiny area posteriorly ( Fig. 12I ); [antenna of female widened medially and 15 th –23 rd segments as long as wide ( Fig. 12D ); subapical segments moniliform ( Fig. 12E )] ............. ..................................................................................................................... P. barbieri Sigwalt, 1978

– Second submarginal cell very weakly petiolate, about 0.2× as long as vein r or sessile; hind femur comparatively slender, 3.6× as long as wide; OOL 4.4× as long as OD; lamella of third metasomal tergite hardly protruding medio-apically; mesopleuron regularly reticulate but without smooth and shiny area posteriorly........................................................................... P. tobiasi Belokobylskij, 1986

35. Hind femur distinctly swollen medially, at most 3.3× as long as wide ( Fig. 22F ); metasoma in lateral view strongly curved ( Fig. 21 ); lateral border of metasomal carapace distinctly curved ( Fig. 22J ); [antenna basal ⅓ yellow and apical ⅔ brown ( Fig. 22E ); second submarginal cell strongly petiolate, about 1.0× as long as vein r ( Fig. 22G ); mesopleuron reticulate and with distinctly smooth area posteriorly ( Fig. 22I ); face and temple superficially rugulose ( Fig. 22B–C ); head yellowish brown except darkened around occipital carina ( Fig. 22A ); metasoma dark brown except first tergite and second tergite medio-basally yellow ( Fig. 22J )].......................................... P. brevifemorata sp. nov.

– Hind femur slenderer, at least 3.6 × as long as wide ( Figs 2M , 20K ); metasoma in lateral view flatter ( Figs 1 , 19 ); lateral border of metasomal carapace comparatively flat ( Figs 2L , 20J ) .................... 36

36. Antenna of female slender, all flagellum segments longer than wide and with subapical segments non-moniliform ( Figs 2D , 32D ); posterior ocellus large and round ( Figs 2A , 32A ) ...................... 37

– Antenna of female widened medially, about 3 subapical segments suddenly wider than long followed by longer segments up to apex and with at least 3 subapical segments moniliform ( Figs 20D , 38D , 46E ); posterior ocellus comparatively small ( Figs 20A , 38A , 46A ) ............................................... 38

37. Scapus and pedicellus in lateral view ivory and distinctly contrasting with dark brown flagellum ( Fig. 32D ); mesopleuron reticulate and without smooth and shiny area posteriorly ( Fig. 32J ); lamella of third metasomal tergite not protruding medio-apically ( Fig. 32L ); clypeus in lateral view less protruding ( Fig. 32C ); temple distinctly rugulose and matt ( Fig. 32C )............. P. exilicornis sp. nov. – Scapus and pedicellus in lateral view brown with no difference from brown flagellum ( Figs 2D, 2E ); mesopleuron punctate-reticulate and with distinctly smooth area posteriorly ( Fig. 2K ); lamella of third metasomal tergite more protruding medio-apically ( Fig. 2F ); clypeus in lateral view strongly protruding ( Fig. 2C ); temple superficially rugulose and shiny ( Fig. 2C )............................................ ............................................................................................................. P. albiscapa ( Ashmead, 1905)

38. Antenna of female with 14 subapical segments moniliform ( Fig. 20D ); metasomal carapace 1.6– 1.7 × as long as wide in dorsal view ( Fig. 20J ); head entirely yellow ( Fig. 20A ) ............................... ........................................................................................................................ P. bouceki Zettel, 1989

– Antenna of female with 3 subapical segments moniliform ( Figs 38E , 42E , 46F ); metasomal carapace 1.8–1.9 × as long as wide in dorsal view ( Figs 38J , 42K , 46J ); head yellow and with 2 brown or black spots behind eye ( Figs 42A , 46A ) or brown ( Fig. 38A ) .................................................................. 39

39. Apex of metasomal carapace truncate in dorsal view ( Fig. 38J ); mesopleuron reticulate and with distinctly smooth area posteriorly ( Fig. 38I ); head brown ( Fig. 38A ); metasoma blackish and at most first and second tergite medially with brownish patches ( Fig. 38J ); lamella of third metasomal tergite wide and with pair of blunt tubercles ( Fig. 38L ); [face and temple rugulose ( Fig. 38B–C )].............. ......................................................................................................................... P. fuscitibialis sp. nov.

– Apex of metasomal carapace not truncate in dorsal view ( Figs 42K , 46J ); mesopleuron superficially reticulate and without smooth area posteriorly ( Figs 42J , 46I ); head yellow and with 2 brown or black spots behind eye ( Figs 42A , 46A ); metasoma yellow and at most third tergite and lateral borders of first and second tergites darkened ( Figs 42K , 46J ); lamella of third metasomal tergite comparatively narrow and with pair of pointed tubercles ( Figs 42F , 46L ) ..................................... 40

40. Vertex in lateral view strongly angled ( Fig. 42C ); metasoma symmetrically shaped and with maximum width in middle ( Fig. 42K ); border of metasomal carapace more curved ( Fig. 42K ) ........................................................................................ P. hawaiiensis ( Ashmead, 1901)

– Vertex in lateral view flatter ( Fig. 46C ); metasoma narrowing to base and with maximum width at apical half ( Fig. 46J ); border of metasomal carapace comparatively flat ( Fig. 46J ) ....................... 41

41. OOL 3.8× as long as OD ( Fig. 46A ); face width 1.0× height of face and clypeus together ( Fig. 46B ); metasoma 1.0 × as long as mesosoma ( Fig. 45 ); apex of metasomal carapace round in dorsal view ( Fig. 46J ).............................................................................................. P. mariae Belokobylskij, 1986

– OOL 3.2× as long as OD; face width 0.95 × height of face and clypeus together; metasoma 0.9× as long as mesosoma; apex of metasomal carapace pointed in dorsal view ............................................ ............................................................................................................ P. pulchra Fahringer, 1934 (♂)

Figures

Fig. 77. Phanerotomella zhejiangensis He & Chen, 1995, China, ♀ (ZJUH No. 948992), habitus, lateral view. Scale bar: 1.0 mm.

Fig. 78. Phanerotomella zhejiangensis He & Chen, 1995, China, ♀ (ZJUH No. 948992). A. Head, dorsal view. B. Head, anterior view. C. Head, lateral view. D. Antenna, lateral view. E. Apical antenna, lateral view. F. Mandible, ventral view. G. Fore and hind wing. H. Mesosoma, dorsal view. I. Mesosoma, lateral view. J. Metasoma, dorsal view. K. Hind leg. L. Lamella, posterior view. Scale bars: 0.1 mm.

Fig. 66. Phanerotomella tenuipes sp. nov.A–E, G–L. Holotype, ♀ (ZJUH No. 200611860).F. Paratype, ♀ (ZJUH No. 20045215). A. Head, dorsal view. B. Head, anterior view. C. Head, lateral view. D. Antenna, lateral view. E. Apical antenna, lateral view. F. Mandible, ventral view. G. Lamella, posterior view. H. Fore and hind wing. I. Mesosoma, dorsal view. J. Mesosoma, lateral view. K. Metasoma, dorsal view. L. Hind leg. Scale bars: 0.1 mm.

Fig. 65. Phanerotomella tenuipes sp. nov., holotype, ♀ (ZJUH No. 200611860), habitus, lateral view. Scale bar: 1.0 mm.

Fig. 12. Phanerotomella barbieri Sigwalt, 1978, China, ♀ (ZJUH No. 202307706). A. Head, dorsal view. B. Head, anterior view. C. Head, lateral view. D. Antenna, lateral view. E. Apical antenna, lateral view. F. Hind leg. G. Fore and hind wing. H. Mesosoma, dorsal view. I. Mesosoma, lateral view. J. Metasoma, dorsal view. K. Lamella, posterior view. L. Mandible, ventral view. Scale bars: 0.1 mm.

Fig. 64. Phanerotomella taiwanensis Zettel, 1989, China, ♀ (ZJUH No. 201102527). A. Head, dorsal view. B. Head, anterior view. C. Head, lateral view. D. Mandible, ventral view. E. Antenna, lateral view. F. Apical antenna, lateral view. G. Fore and hind wing. H. Mesosoma, dorsal view. I. Mesosoma, lateral view. J. Metasoma, dorsal view. K. Lamella, posterior view. L. Hind leg. Scale bars: 0.1 mm.

Fig. 4. Phanerotomella annulata sp. nov., holotype, ♀ (ZJUH No. 202307798). A. Head, dorsal view. B. Head, anterior view. C. Head, lateral view. D. Mandible, ventral view. E. Lamella, posterior view. F. Hind leg. G. Fore and hind wing.H. Mesosoma, dorsal view.I. Mesosoma, lateral view. J. Metasoma, dorsal view. K. Antenna, lateral view. L. Apical antenna, lateral view. Scale bars: 0.1 mm.

Fig. 26. Phanerotomella digitata sp. nov., holotype, ♀ (ZJUH No. 20045216). A. Head, dorsal view. B. Head, anterior view. C. Head, lateral view. D. Mandible, ventral view. E. Lamella, posterior view. F. Hind leg. G. Fore and hind wing.H. Mesosoma, dorsal view.I. Mesosoma, lateral view. J. Metasoma, dorsal view. K. Antenna, lateral view. L. Apical antenna, lateral view. Scale bars: 0.1 mm.

Fig. 3. Phanerotomella annulata sp. nov., holotype, ♀ (ZJUH No. 202307798), habitus, lateral view. Scale bar: 1.0 mm.

Fig. 25. Phanerotomella digitata sp. nov., holotype, ♀ (ZJUH No. 20045216), habitus, lateral view. Scale bar: 1.0 mm.

Fig. 54. Phanerotomella palliscapus Chen & Ji, 2003, China. A. ♀ (ZJUH No. 200605037). B–L. ♀ (ZJUH No. 200604025).A. Head, dorsal view.B. Head, anterior view.C. Head, lateral view.D. Mandible, ventral view. E. Lamella, posterior view. F. Hind leg. G. Fore and hind wing. H. Mesosoma, dorsal view. I. Mesosoma, lateral view. J. Metasoma, dorsal view. K. Antenna, lateral view. L. Apical antenna, lateral view. Scale bars: 0.1 mm.

Fig. 2. Phanerotomella albiscapa (Ashmead, 1905), China. A, J. ♀ (ZJUH No. 200807665). B–I, K–M. ♀ (ZJUH No. 202307885). A. Head, dorsal view. B. Head, anterior view. C. Head, lateral view. D. Antenna, lateral view. E. Apical antenna, lateral view. F. Lamella, posterior view. G. Mandible, ventral view. H. Fore wing. I. Hind wing. J. Mesosoma, dorsal view. K. Mesosoma, lateral view. L. Metasoma, dorsal view. M. Hind leg. Scale bars: 0.1 mm.

Fig. 38. Phanerotomella fuscitibialis sp. nov., holotype, ♀ (ZJUH No. 202307980). A. Head, dorsal view. B. Head, anterior view. C. Head, lateral view. D. Antenna, lateral view. E. Apical antenna, lateral view. F. Mandible, ventral view. G. Fore and hind wing. H. Mesosoma, dorsal view. I. Mesosoma, lateral view. J. Metasoma, dorsal view. K. Hind leg. L. Lamella, posterior view. Scale bars: 0.1 mm.

Fig. 20. Phanerotomella bouceki Zettel, 1989, China. A, K. ♀ (ZJUH No. 201100673). B–J. ♀ (ZJUH No. 200711566). A. Head, dorsal view. B. Head, anterior view. C. Head, lateral view. D. Antenna, lateral view. E. Mandible, ventral view. F. Lamella, posterior view. G. Fore and hind wing. H. Mesosoma, dorsal view. I. Mesosoma, lateral view. J. Metasoma, dorsal view. K. Hind leg. Scale bars: 0.1 mm.

Fig. 42. Phanerotomella hawaiiensis (Ashmead, 1901), China, ♀ (ZJUH No. 200800096). A. Head, dorsal view. B. Head, anterior view. C. Head, lateral view. D. Mandible, ventral view. E. Antenna, lateral view. F. Lamella, posterior view. G. Fore wing. H. Hind wing. I. Mesosoma, dorsal view. J. Mesosoma, lateral view. K. Metasoma, dorsal view. L. Hind leg. Scale bars: 0.1 mm.

Fig. 6. Phanerotomella apetila Chen & Ji, 2003, China. A–F, H–M. ♀ (ZJUH No. 20000173). G. ♀ (ZJUH No. 20003756). A. Head, dorsal view. B. Head, anterior view. C. Head, lateral view. D. Antenna, lateral view. E. Apical antenna, lateral view. F. Mandible, ventral view. G. Fore wing. H. Hind wing. I. Mesosoma, dorsal view. J. Mesosoma, lateral view. K. Metasoma, dorsal view. L. Hind leg. M. Lamella, posterior view. Scale bars: 0.1 mm.

Fig. 5. Phanerotomella apetila Chen & Ji, 2003, China, ♀ (ZJUH No. 20000173), habitus, lateral view. Scale bar: 1.0 mm.

Fig. 70. Phanerotomella varicolorata Zettel, 1989, China, ♀ (ZJUH No. 200703035). A. Head, dorsal view. B. Head, anterior view. C. Head, lateral view. D. Mandible, ventral view. E. Lamella, posterior view. F. Hind leg. G. Fore and hind wing. H. Mesosoma, dorsal view. I. Mesosoma, lateral view. J. Metasoma, dorsal view. K. Antenna, lateral view. L. Apical antenna, lateral view. Scale bars: 0.1 mm.

Fig. 14. Phanerotomella bellula Papp, 1989, China, ♀ (ZJUH No. 200604213). A. Head, dorsal view. B. Head, anterior view. C. Head, lateral view. D. Mandible, ventral view. E. Lamella, posterior view. F. Hind leg. G. Fore wing. H. Hind wing. I. Mesosoma, dorsal view. J. Mesosoma, lateral view. K. Metasoma, dorsal view.L. Antenna, lateral view. M. Apical antenna, lateral view. Scale bars: 0.1 mm.

Fig. 24. Phanerotomella collinsi Zettel, 1989, China, ♀ (ZJUH No. 200610610). A. Head, dorsal view. B. Head, anterior view. C. Head, lateral view. D. Mandible, ventral view. E. Hind leg. F. Fore and hind wing. G. Mesosoma, dorsal view. H. Mesosoma, lateral view. I. Metasoma, dorsal view. J. Antenna, lateral view. K. Apical antenna, lateral view. L. Lamella, posterior view. Scale bars: 0.1 mm.

Fig. 52. Phanerotomella pallidistigma Chen & Ji, 2003, China, ♀ (ZJUH No. 201101839). A. Head, dorsal view. B. Head, anterior view. C. Head, lateral view. D. Mandible, ventral view. E. Lamella, posterior view. F. Hind leg. G. Fore and hind wing. H. Mesosoma, dorsal view. I. Mesosoma, lateral view. J. Metasoma, dorsal view. K. Antenna, lateral view. L. Apical antenna, lateral view. Scale bars: 0.1 mm.

Fig. 68. Phanerotomella townesi Zettel, 1989, China, ♀ (ZJUH No. 202307977). A. Head, dorsal view. B. Head, anterior view. C. Head, lateral view. D. Antenna, lateral view. E. Apical antenna, lateral view. F. Mandible, ventral view. G. Lamella, posterior view. H. Fore and hind wing. I. Mesosoma, dorsal view. J. Mesosoma, lateral view. K. Metasoma, dorsal view. L. Hind leg. Scale bars: 0.1 mm.

Fig. 48. Phanerotomella mellivena van Achterberg nom. nov., China, ♀ (ZJUH No. 200803502). A. Head, dorsal view. B. Head, anterior view. C. Head, lateral view. D. Antenna, lateral view. E. Apical antenna, lateral view. F. Mandible, ventral view. G. Lamella, posterior view. H. Fore and hind wing. I. Mesosoma, dorsal view. J. Mesosoma, lateral view. K. Metasoma, dorsal view. L. Hind leg. Scale bars: 0.1 mm.

Fig. 50. Phanerotomella nigrisoma sp. nov. A. Paratype, ♀ (ZJUH No. 202026498). B–K. Holotype, ♀ (ZJUH No. 202307931).A. Head, dorsal view.B. Head, anterior view.C. Head, lateral view.D. Mandible, ventral view. E. Lamella, posterior view. F. Hind leg. G. Fore and hind wing. H. Mesosoma, dorsal view. I. Mesosoma, lateral view. J. Metasoma, dorsal view. K. Antenna, lateral view. Scale bars: 0.1 mm.

Fig. 62. Phanerotomella sinensis Zettel, 1989, China. A–C, E–L. ♀ (ZJUH No. 911403). D. ♀ (ZJUH No. 200602001). A. Head, dorsal view. B. Head, anterior view. C. Head, lateral view. D. Mandible, ventral view. E. Lamella, posterior view. F. Hind leg. G. Fore and hind wing. H. Mesosoma, dorsal view. I. Mesosoma, lateral view. J. Metasoma, dorsal view. K. Antenna, lateral view. L. Apical antenna, lateral view. Scale bars: 0.1 mm.

Fig. 15. Phanerotomella bicolorata He & Chen, 1995, China, ♀ (ZJUH No. 201101725), habitus, lateral view. Scale bar: 1.0 mm.

Fig. 30. Phanerotomella emeiensis sp. nov., holotype, ♀ (NWUX). A. Head, dorsal view. B. Head, anterior view. C. Head, lateral view. D. Mandible, ventral view. E. Hind leg. F. Fore and hind wing. G. Mesosoma, dorsal view. H. Mesosoma, lateral view. I. Metasoma, dorsal view. J. Antenna, lateral view. K. Apical antenna, lateral view. L. Lamella, posterior view. Scale bars: 0.1 mm.

Fig. 10. Phanerotomella aurantisoma sp. nov. A, H. Paratype, ♀ (ZJUH No. 201100511). B–G, I–L. Holotype, ♀ (ZJUH No. 20048095). A. Head, dorsal view. B. Head, anterior view. C. Head, lateral view. D. Mandible, ventral view. E. Lamella, posterior view. F. Hind leg. G. Fore and hind wing. H. Mesosoma, dorsal view. I. Mesosoma, lateral view. J. Metasoma, dorsal view. K. Antenna, lateral view. L. Apical antenna, lateral view. Scale bars: 0.1 mm.

Fig. 18. Phanerotomella bisulcata (Herrich-Schäffer, 1838), China, ♀ (ZJUH No. 20059349). A. Head, dorsal view. B. Head, anterior view. C. Head, lateral view. D. Mandible, ventral view. E. Lamella, posterior view. F. Hind leg. G. Fore wing. H. Hind wing. I. Mesosoma, dorsal view. J. Mesosoma, lateral view. K. Metasoma, dorsal view. L. Antenna, lateral view. Scale bars: 0.1 mm.

Fig. 8. Phanerotomella atratoides sp. nov. A–F, H–J, L. Holotype, ♀ (NWUX). G. Paratype, ♀ (ZJUH No. 992250). K. Paratype, ♀ (ZJUH No. 201805991). A. Head, dorsal view. B. Head, anterior view. C. Head, lateral view. D. Antenna, lateral view. E. Apical antenna, lateral view. F. Mandible, ventral view. G. Lamella, posterior view. H. Fore and hind wing. I. Mesosoma, dorsal view. J. Mesosoma, lateral view. K. Metasoma, dorsal view. L. Hind leg. Scale bars: 0.1 mm.

Fig. 16. Phanerotomella bicolorata He & Chen, 1995, China, ♀ (ZJUH No. 201101725). A. Head, dorsal view. B. Head, anterior view. C. Head, lateral view. D. Mandible, ventral view. E. Lamella, posterior view. F. Hind leg. G. Fore and hind wing. H. Mesosoma, dorsal view. I. Mesosoma, lateral view. J. Metasoma, dorsal view. K. Antenna, lateral view. L. Apical antenna, lateral view. Scale bars: 0.1 mm.

Fig. 36. Phanerotomella fulgida sp. nov., holotype, ♀ (ZJUH No. 20048119). A. Head, dorsal view. B. Head, anterior view. C. Head, lateral view. D. Mandible, ventral view. E. Lamella, posterior view. F. Hind leg. G. Fore and hind wing.H. Mesosoma, dorsal view.I. Mesosoma, lateral view. J. Metasoma, dorsal view. K. Antenna, lateral view. L. Apical antenna, lateral view. Scale bars: 0.1 mm.

Fig. 40. Phanerotomella gladia Chen & Ji, 2003, China, ♀ (ZJUH No. 200609783). A. Head, dorsal view. B. Head, anterior view. C. Head, lateral view. D. Mandible, ventral view. E. Lamella, posterior view. F. Hind leg. G. Fore and hind wing. H. Mesosoma, dorsal view. I. Mesosoma, lateral view. J. Metasoma, dorsal view. K. Antenna, lateral view. L. Apical antenna, lateral view. Scale bars: 0.1 mm.

Fig. 56. Phanerotomella rhytisma Chen & Ji, 2003, China, ♀ (ZJUH No. 201101701). A. Head, dorsal view. B. Head, anterior view. C. Head, lateral view. D. Mandible, ventral view. E. Lamella, posterior view. F. Hind leg. G. Fore and hind wing. H. Mesosoma, dorsal view. I. Mesosoma, lateral view. J. Metasoma, dorsal view. K. Antenna, lateral view. L. Apical antenna, lateral view. Scale bars: 0.1 mm.

Fig. 58. Phanerotomella rugifera sp. nov., holotype, ♀ (ZJUH No. 20048121). A. Head, dorsal view. B. Head, anterior view. C. Head, lateral view. D. Mandible, ventral view. E. Antenna, lateral view. F. Apical antenna, lateral view. G. Fore and hind wing. H. Mesosoma, dorsal view. I. Mesosoma, lateral view. J. Metasoma, dorsal view. K. Hind leg. L. Lamella, posterior view. Scale bars: 0.1 mm.

Fig. 72. Phanerotomella xizangensis He & Chen, 2001, holotype, ♀ (ZJUH No. 871937). A. Head, dorsal view. B. Head, anterior view. C. Head, lateral view. D. Mandible, ventral view. E. Lamella, posterior view. F. Hind leg. G. Fore wing. H. Hind wing. I. Mesosoma, dorsal view. J. Mesosoma, lateral view. K. Metasoma, dorsal view. L. Antenna, lateral view. Scale bars: 0.1 mm.

Fig. 74. Phanerotomella xui sp. nov. A, C, E–F, H–L. Holotype, ♀ (ZJUH No. 200610114). B, D, G. Paratype, ♀ (ZJUH No. 20059379). A. Head, dorsal view. B. Head, anterior view. C. Head, lateral view. D. Mandible, ventral view. E. Lamella, posterior view. F. Hind leg. G. Fore and hind wing. H. Mesosoma, dorsal view. I. Mesosoma, lateral view. J. Metasoma, dorsal view. K. Antenna, lateral view. L. Apical antenna, lateral view. Scale bars: 0.1 mm.

Fig. 17. Phanerotomella bisulcata (Herrich-Schäffer, 1838), China, ♀ (ZJUH No. 20059349), habitus, lateral view. Scale bar: 1.0 mm.

Fig. 63. Phanerotomella taiwanensis Zettel, 1989, China, ♀ (ZJUH No. 201102527), habitus, lateral view. Scale bar: 1.0 mm.

Fig. 49. Phanerotomella nigrisoma sp. nov., holotype, ♀ (ZJUH No. 202307931), habitus, lateral view. Scale bar: 1.0 mm.

Fig. 9. Phanerotomella aurantisoma sp. nov., holotype, ♀ (ZJUH No. 20048095), habitus, lateral view. Scale bar: 1.0 mm.

Fig. 47. Phanerotomella mellivena van Achterberg nom. nov., China, ♀ (ZJUH No. 200803502), habitus, lateral view. Scale bar: 1.0 mm.

Fig. 39. Phanerotomella gladia Chen & Ji, 2003, China, ♀ (ZJUH No. 200609783), habitus, lateral view. Scale bar: 1.0 mm.

Fig. 7. Phanerotomella atratoides sp. nov., holotype, ♀ (NWUX), habitus, lateral view. Scale bar: 1.0 mm.

Fig. 34. Phanerotomella flavigena sp. nov. A–C, E–G, J–L. Holotype, ♀ (ZJUH No. 999890). D, I, M. Paratype, ♀ (ZJUH No. 999896). H. Paratype, ♀ (ZJUH No. 200604959). A. Head, dorsal view. B. Head, anterior view. C. Head, lateral view. D. Mandible, ventral view. E. Antenna, lateral view. F. Apical antenna, lateral view. G. Hind leg. H. Fore wing. I. Hind wing. J. Mesosoma, dorsal view. K. Mesosoma, lateral view. L. Metasoma, dorsal view. M. Lamella, posterior view. Scale bars: 0.1 mm.

Fig. 60. Phanerotomella rugulosa sp. nov., holotype, ♀ (ZJUH No. 201104687). A. Head, dorsal view. B. Head, anterior view. C. Head, lateral view. D. Mandible, ventral view. E. Antenna, lateral view. F. Hind leg. G. Fore and hind wing.H. Mesosoma, dorsal view.I. Mesosoma, lateral view. J. Metasoma, dorsal view. K. Lamella, posterior view. Scale bars: 0.1 mm.

Fig. 44. Phanerotomella longa Chen & Ji, 2003, China, ♀ (ZJUH No. 200807912). A. Head, dorsal view. B. Head, anterior view. C. Head, lateral view. D. Mandible, ventral view. E. Antenna, lateral view. F. Hind leg. G. Fore wing. H. Hind wing. I. Mesosoma, dorsal view. J. Mesosoma, lateral view. K. Metasoma, dorsal view. L. Lamella, posterior view. Scale bars: 0.1 mm.

Fig. 13. Phanerotomella bellula Papp, 1989, China, ♀ (ZJUH No. 200604213), habitus, lateral view. Scale bar: 1.0 mm.

Fig. 61. Phanerotomella sinensis Zettel, 1989, China, ♀ (ZJUH No. 911403), habitus, lateral view. Scale bar: 1.0 mm.

Fig. 23. Phanerotomella collinsi Zettel, 1989, China, ♀ (ZJUH No. 200610610), habitus, lateral view. Scale bar: 1.0 mm.

Fig. 76. Phanerotomella yemenitica van Achterberg, 2021, China, ♀ (ZJUH No. 202300198). A. Head, dorsal view. B. Head, anterior view. C. Head, lateral view. D. Mandible, ventral view. E. Antenna, lateral view. F. Hind leg. G. Fore wing. H. Hind wing. I. Mesosoma, dorsal view. J. Mesosoma, lateral view. K. Metasoma, dorsal view. L. Lamella, posterior view. Scale bars: 0.1 mm.

Fig. 28. Phanerotomella distenticornis sp. nov., holotype, ♀ (ZJUH No. 202207749). A. Head, dorsal view. B. Head, anterior view. C. Head, lateral view. D. Mandible, ventral view. E. Lamella, posterior view. F. Hind leg. G. Fore and hind wing. H. Mesosoma, dorsal view. I. Mesosoma, lateral view. J. Metasoma, dorsal view. K. Antenna, lateral view. L. Apical antenna, lateral view. Scale bars: 0.1 mm.

Fig. 46. Phanerotomella mariae Belokobylskij, 1986, China, ♀ (ZJUH No. 202300181). A. Head, dorsal view. B. Head, anterior view. C. Head, lateral view. D. Mandible, ventral view. E. Antenna, lateral view. F. Apical antenna, lateral view. G. Fore and hind wing. H. Mesosoma, dorsal view. I. Mesosoma, lateral view. J. Metasoma, dorsal view. K. Hind leg. L. Lamella, posterior view. Scale bars: 0.1 mm.

Fig. 22. Phanerotomella brevifemorata sp. nov., holotype, ♀ (ZJUH No. 200605821). A. Head, dorsal view. B. Head, anterior view. C. Head, lateral view. D. Mandible, ventral view. E. Antenna, lateral view. F. Hind leg. G. Fore and hind wing.H. Mesosoma, dorsal view.I. Mesosoma, lateral view. J. Metasoma, dorsal view. K. Lamella, posterior view. Scale bars: 0.1 mm.

Fig. 21. Phanerotomella brevifemorata sp. nov., holotype, ♀ (ZJUH No. 200605821), habitus, lateral view. Scale bar: 1.0 mm.

Fig. 1. Phanerotomella albiscapa (Ashmead, 1905), China, ♀ (ZJUH No. 202307885), habitus, lateral view. Scale bar: 1.0 mm.

Fig. 19. Phanerotomella bouceki Zettel, 1989, China, ♀ (ZJUH No. 200711566), habitus, lateral view. Scale bar: 1.0 mm.

Fig. 32. Phanerotomella exilicornis sp. nov., holotype, ♀ (ZJUH No. 200807665). A. Head, dorsal view. B. Head, anterior view. C. Head, lateral view. D. Antenna, lateral view. E. Hind leg. F. Mandible, ventral view. G. Fore wing. H. Hind wing. I. Mesosoma, dorsal view. J. Mesosoma, lateral view. K. Metasoma, dorsal view. L. Lamella, posterior view. Scale bars: 0.1 mm.

Fig. 45. Phanerotomella mariae Belokobylskij, 1986, China, ♀ (ZJUH No. 202300181), habitus, lateral view. Scale bar: 1.0 mm.