Perrierodendron occidentalis J.-F. Leroy, Lowry, Haevermans, Labat & G.E. Schatz, 2000

Lowry Ii, Porter P., Haevermans, Thomas, Labat, Jean-Noël, Schatz, George E., Leroy, Jean-François & Wolf, Anne-Elizabeth, 2000, Endemic families of Madagascar. V. A synoptic revision of Eremolaena, Pentachlaena and Perrierodendron (Sarcolaenaceae), Adansonia (3) 22 (1), pp. 11-31 : 23-25

3. Perrierodendron occidentalis J.-F. Leroy, Lowry, Haevermans, Labat & G.E. Schatz , sp. nov.

Arbor 3-20 m alta. Folia petiolo (0.3-)0.5-1(-1.5) longo, indumento stellato obtecto; lamina obovata usque elliptica, chartacea, 3-6.5(-8) × 2-5 cm, utrinque indumento stellato parce induta, apice truncata retusa obtusave, margine integra vel irregulariter subundulata, basi truncata obtusa emarginatave, nervis secundariis 5- ad 10-jugatis. Inflorescentia axillaris ex floribus 1 ad 5 constans, aliquando in axilla inter ramulum et axin florem solitarium gerens; axe primario 0.5-2 cm longo, parce stellato-strigoso; pedunculis 1-5 mm longis, indumento stellato dense obtectis; involucro sub anthesi ca. 2 mm in diam., dense papilloso-strigoso, florem sessilem solitarium ca. 2.5 cm in diam. includente. Flos sepalis 5, imbricatis, coriaceis, asymmetricis, duobus externis ca. 3 × 1 mm, tribus internis 5-6 × ca. 4 mm; petalis 5, obovatis, 8-9(-10) × ca. 6 mm, glabris, apice rotundatis emarginatis, basi breviter unguiculatis; staminibus 50 ad 55 in fructu persistentibus; ovario imperfecte biloculari in quoque loculo ovula duo gerente, breviter conico, a basi usque ad styli basin dense piloso, ca. 3.5 × 3 mm; stylo glabro, ca. 3.5 mm longo, ca. 1 mm in diam. Fructus late obovoideus, apice in rostrum brevem conicum productus, 1.2-1.5 × 0.7-0.9 cm, exocarpio tenui, crustaceo, utrinque laevi (eporcato), trichomatibus stellato-strigosis ramulos 1-2 mm longos gerentibus vestito; involucro maturitate ca. 0.7 cm in diam. cum staminium reliquiis persistentibus cupulam sub fructu formante; seminibus in quoque fructu uno duobusve.

TYPUS. — Service Forestier (Capuron) 20603, Madagascar, Prov. Toliara, forêt d’Analamarina ( Hazoroa ) au sud-est de Sakaraha, [23°00’S, 44°33’E], 500-600 m, 28 Dec. 1961, fr. (holo-, P!; iso-, P!, TEF) .

Trees 3-20 m tall. Young twigs with stellate indumentum. Leaves obovate to elliptical, dull brown above, dull green below (in dry material), chartaceous, 3-6.5(-8) × 2-5 cm, with scattered stellate indumentum on both surfaces, apex truncate or retuse to obtuse, margin subentire, slightly undulate, base truncate to obtuse or emarginate, venation brochidodromous, with ca. 5-10 pairs of alternate to subopposite secondary veins, midrib weakly channeled above, raised below; petiole (0.3-)0.5- 1(-1.5) long, adaxially canaliculate, covered with stellate indumentum; stipules linear, caducous, 1.5- 2 mm long. Inflorescences axillary, with 1-5 flowers, primary axis 0.5-2 cm long, sparsely stellate-strigose, occasionally with an axillary flower borne between the stem and the inflorescence axis; peduncles 1-5 mm long, densely covered with stellate indumentum; bracts minute (?), caducous; involucre in flower ca. 2 mm in diam., densely papillate-strigose, containing a single sessile flower ca. 2.5 cm in diam.; sepals 5, imbricate, coriaceous, asymmetrical, the 2 small external ones 3 × 1 mm, narrowly triangular, the 3 larger internal ones ca. 5- 6 × 4 mm, glabrous and papyraceous where covered by the adjacent sepals, densely stellate strigose below where exposed;petals5,contorted in opposite direction from sepals, obovate, ca. 8-9(-10) × 6 mm, glabrous, apex rounded, notched, claw short; disc cupuliform, 0.5 mm high, margin entire; stamens ca. 50-55, persistent in fruit, filament 5 mm long, anthers 1 × 1 mm, basifixed; ovary shortly conical, densely pilose (glabrous at the base of the style), 3.5 × 3 mm, with 2 incomplete locules each containing 2 ovules; style glabrous, 3.5 mm long, 1 mm in diam., stigma 1 mm long, crateriform, margin distinctly undulate. Fruits broadly obovoid, 1.2-1.5 × 0.7-0.9 cm, apex extended into a short conical rostrum, exocarp thin, crustaceous, smooth on outer and inner surfaces, without ridges, branches of stellate-strigose indumentum 1-2 mm long, transparent yellow with a reddish core, endocarp thin, crustaceous; involucre forming a cup with persistent remains of the stamens, 0.7 cm in diam. at maturity; seeds 1-2 per fruit, spherical or hemispherical, 6-9mm in diam.,brown, cotyledons very contorted, radicle included, 3-4 mm long. — Fig. 6 .

Perrierodendron occidentalis is widely distributed in western Madagascar, extending from Isalo PN to Ambalabe and Analamary in the S, with an outlying population at Manongarivo SSE of Soalala in the NW ( Fig. 4 ). It occurs on sandy substrates in seasonally dry, deciduous forests. With the exception of one collection made in 1973 and another last year, P. occidentalis has not been recorded since the early 1960s. This species closely resembles P. boinense , but can be distinguished from it by having smooth (unribbed) fruit with the apex extended into a short, conic rostrum, a thin, crustaceous endocarp, and sepals ca. 5-6 mm long and petals ca. 8-9(-10) mm long.

VERNACULAR NAMES. — Fotona, Nato, Tsiandala, Tsitaka.

PARATYPES. — MADAGASCAR, Prov. Fianarantsoa: Cremers 3584, Ambasy , ouest Ambalavao , [21°28’S, 46°12’E], 900-1000 m, 9 Dec. 1974, fl. ( P [2 sheets], TAN); Decary 16384, Isalo PN , [22°08’- 22°40’S, 45°10’- 45°24’E], 2 Nov. 1940, fl. ( P); Humbert 19511, Isalo PN , sud de Sahanafa, [22°20’S, 45°18’E], 1000 m, 28 Nov.-4 Dec. 1946, fl. ( P [2 sheets]); SF 4- R-258, Lalanandro, [22°18’S, 46°06’E], 29 Jan. 1925, ster. ( P); SF 59-R-141, Ambondrona, [21°54’S, 46°52’E], 9 June 1954, ster. ( P); SF 74-R-47, Lalanandro, [22°18’S, 46°06’E], 1 June 1952, ster. ( P); SF 239-R-239, Isalo PN , [22°08’- 22°40’S, 45°10’- 45°24’E], 23 July 1955, ster. ( P); SF 13761, Massif d’Ingaro, Ambalavao , [21°36’S, 46°22’E], 13 Feb. 1955, fr. ( P, TEF), SF 13878, Isalo PN , [22°11’- 22°43’S, 45°10’- 45°21’E], 22 Jul. 1955, ster. ( P, TEF). Prov. Mahajanga: Perrier de la Bâthie 1644, Manongarivo ( Ambongo ), [16°16’S, 45°22’E], Nov. 1903, fl. ( P). Prov. Toliara: Humbert 19395, bassin de la Malio (affluent de Mangoky ), près d’Ambalabe , [21°58’S, 45°15’E], 400-450 m, 23-27 Nov. 1946, fl. ( P [2 sheets]); Randrianaivo et al. 315, Zombitse PN, 12 km E of Sakaraha, 1 km N of Andranomaitso , 23°53’07”S, 44°38’42”E, 600-800m, 4 Feb. 1999, fr. ( G, K, MO, P, TAN); SF 5-R-350, Sakaraha STF , [22°53’S, 44°32’E], 24 Feb. 1956, ster. ( P); SF (Capuron) 20599, Analamary, forêt d’Analamarina ( Hazoroa ), au sud-est de Sakaraha , [23°00’S, 44°33’E], 28 Dec. 1961, bud ( P) .

Figures

Fig. 6. — Perrierodendron occidentalis: A, flowering branch; B, leaf (abaxial surface) and flower buds; C, flower at anthesis; D, flow- er (some parts removed to show gynoecium); E, petal; F, fruits. (A-E, Perrier de la Bâthie 1644; F, Service Forestier 20603).

Fig. 4. — Distributions of Perrierodendron, mapped on the simplified bioclimatic zones of Madagascar (SCHATZ in press, after CORNET 1974). P. boinense (*), P. capuronii (+), P. occidentalis (•), P. quartzitorum (Δ), P. rodoense (-).