Peltogyne campestris Huber ex Ducke, Arch. Jard. Bot.

Kochanovski, Fabio J., Nogueira, Luan H. P., Rosa, Marcus P. G., Mansano, Vidal F. & Sartori, Ângela L. B., 2025, Taxonomic review of the genus Peltogyne Vogel (Leguminosae, Detarioideae), Phytotaxa 688 (1), pp. 1-68 : 16-18

4. Peltogyne campestris Huber ex Ducke, Arch. Jard. Bot. Rio de Janeiro 1(1): 24.1915.

Holotype:— BRAZIL. Pará: Lago de Faro , campina do Infiry, 19 May 1911, A. Ducke, s.n., MG!11660 (Holotype: MG!; Isotypes: R! ( R6597 ), BM). Fig 9 .

= Peltogyne campestris var. rigida (Ducke) M.F. Silva (1976:21) . syn. nov.

= Peltogyne rigida Ducke (1932:13) . BRAZIL. Amazonas: Manaus, 19 March 1932, A. Ducke 80 RB!23847 (Holotype: RB! Isotypes: F, K, NY, U, US) .

Tree, 5–18 m tall, bark rough, grayish, branches rough (square plates), lenticellate and blackish, stipules early deciduous. Leaflets elliptic (petiole not inserted at the base, as in P. confertiflora ), falcate, 6–13 × 3–8 cm, base rounded, apex obtuse, sometimes rounded, glabrous, glossy on the adaxial surface, wax absent on both surfaces, concolorous, petiole 10–20(–27) mm long, petiolule 4–8 mm long, blade decurrent, pulvinus not dilated, primary vein inconspicuous adaxially and conspicuous abaxially, secondary veins conspicuous on both sides, glands present under magnifying glass. Inflorescence a panicle, terminal or subterminal, densiflorous, rachis glabrous, 4–13 cm long, inserted in a non-aphyllous branch. Pedicel 1–2 mm long, bracteoles persistent, glabrous, hypanthium present, 2–5 × 2–4 mm, obconic. Bud 3–4 × 7–9 mm, sepals deltoid to subtriangular, outer side tomentose, inner side pubescent, margin glabrous, glands absent, petals linear, unguiculate, glabrous, glands present. Stamens of different sizes, antesepalous filaments 4–12 mm, antepetalous filaments 5–9 mm long. Stipe glabrous, 1–2 mm long. Ovary semicircular, commonly D-shaped, glabrous, 2–4 mm long, style with terminal insertion, 6–12 mm long. Fruit a legume, indehiscent, obovate–oblong, without a protuberance, compressed, 2.5 × 1.8 cm, stipitate, nectary disc not persistent, glabrous, glands absent, veins present, not very prominent, winged.

Phenology —Collected in flower in May and June and in fruit from November to January.

Distribution and habitat— Peltogyne campestris occurs in grassland or campinarana areas in the Amazon region. In Pará, it occurs near the Trombetas River, in the Três Ilhas grassland (Oriximiná). In Amazonas, it occurs in the campinaranas of São Gabriel da Cachoeira. In Manaus, it occurs with some frequency, mainly on the margins of Igarapés ( Fig 5 ). The species is restricted to the Amazon region.

Taxonomic comments— Peltogyne campestris has as distinguishing characteristics the obtuse or rounded leaf apex, the undilated pulvinus and the non-decurrent blade (Ribeiro et al. 1999, Silva 1976). The species has persistent bracteoles until pre-anthesis, which contrast with the color of the sepals, giving it one of the most attractive aspects among all species of the genus. This species is often confused with P. catingae , mainly due to the shape of the leaflets. However, P. catingae has leaves with acute to acuminate apex, a dilated pulvinus, and a non-decurrent blade. Ducke (1922) described P. rigida as similar to P. campestris . Later, analyses by Silva (1976) indicated that this species is a variety of P. campestris , since the only difference between the two is the pubescence of the ovary and the size of the fruit. According to Sandquist et al. (1997), the increase or decrease in pilosity in a species can vary depending on whether the environment is humid or dry. In our analyses, we conclude that P. rigida is a synonym of P. campestris , since the observed differences in pilosity may be related to the degree of humidity of the environments, as we observed glabrous and less frequently also pilose ovaries in the same specimen. The size of the fruit does not provide enough justification to separate the species because this trait varies within the genus, especially in the species P. confertiflora and P. pauciflora .

Etymology— campestris , relating to fields or flat areas.

Specimens examined — BRAZIL. Amazonas: Rio Urubu, between factory and BR 174, Rio Urubu, between factory and Manaus-Itacoatiara Road, 10 June 1968, G.T. Prance 5107 (MG!, INPA !); Barcelos, Rio Aracá a 20 hrs. de Barcelos, J.A.C. da Silva 341, 26 September 1985 (MG!, INPA !); Manaus, 01 April 1936, A. Ducke R54577 (R); 20 March 1943, A. Ducke 154 (MG!); August 1975, A.A. Loureiro INPA 3023 ( INPA !); 12 September 1966, G.T. Prance 2261 ( INPA !, MG!, R); 24 May 1955, L.F. Coêlho INPA 6002 ( INPA !); June 1955, J. Luiz MG!21269 (MG!); 16 December 1969, W.A. Rodrigues 8653 ( INPA !); 16 October 1969, W.A. Rodrigues 8649 ( INPA !); Bosque do Parque 10, 24 May 1955, A. Luiz CGMS1709 (CGMS); June 1955, L.F. Coêlho INPA 3024 ( INPA !); 24 May 1955, L.F. Coelho INPA 1045 ( INPA !); 05 June 1956, D.F. Coêlho INPA 3894 ( INPA ! SP); 04 May 1956, J.C. Chagas INPA 3811 ( INPA !); M.F. da Silva 1849 ( INPA !); Cachoeira baixa do Tarumãzinho, 03 November 1975, L.F. Coêlho INPA 53592 ( INPA !); Estrada Torquato Tapajós, Km 182, a 2500 m da margem da estrada, 03 April 1975, A.A. Loureiro INPA 48396 ( INPA !); Riacho no caminho do José Romão, 19 March 1932, A. Ducke RB23847 (RB!); Pensador, mata não inundável na beira do riacho, 20 March 1943, A. Ducke 154 (IAN!); 16 December 1969, W.A. Rodrigues 8649 ( INPA !); Presidente Figueiredo, BR-174, Estrada Manaus-Boa Vista, Km 130, campina das Pedras, 10 December 1976, M. da Silva 2001 ( INPA !); São Gabriel da Cachoeira, 5 November 1987, C.S. Farney 1898 (RB!, INPA !, MG!); ReBio Morro dos Seis Lagos, Parque Nacional do Pico da Neblina, 23 September 2008, M.H.T. Araújo 374 (RB!); Igapós da margem esquerda do Rio Negro, entre asa ilha da Aparecida e Açaí, 26 June 1991, G.M. Martinelli 14546 (RB!); Morro dos Seis Lagos, 15 October 1987, D.C. Daly 5430 (RB!, INPA !, MG!); Pará: Faro, Campina do Infiry, 19 May 1911, A. Ducke 11660 (R, MG!); 17 June 1926, A. Ducke RB!5610 (RB!); Oriximiná, 7 June 1974, G.T. Prance 22546, (MG!, INPA !); 18 September 1981, J.J. Strudwick 3100 (MG!, INPA !); Rio Mapuera, Três ilhas, 27 May 1999, H.C. de Lima 5662 (RB!); 27 May 1999, S.M. de Faria 5651 (RB!, HSTM!); 16 January 1927, A. Ducke RB20301 (RB!); 12 January 1985, C.S. Rosário 755 (MG!); 30 June 1980, C.A.C. Ferreira 1196 ( INPA !, MG!); 19 August 1986, C.A.C. Ferreira 7805 ( INPA ! MG!); 30 June 1980, C. Davidson 10607 ( INPA !); 28 May 1999, S.M. de Faria 1722 (HSTM!); 17 September 2003, S.M. de Faria 2457 (HSTM!); Roraima: Boa Vista, próximo à Vila do Cantão, 14 October 1995 I.S. Miranda 1063 ( INPA !).

Digital images — BRAZIL. Amazonas: Barcelos, rio Aracã a 20 hrs. de Barcelos , na beira do rio Araca , 26 July 1985, J. A . Silva 341 ( MO); Manaus, Ponta Negra, 26 June 1929, A . Ducke 23274 ( K); 01 April 1936, A . Ducke 154 ( MO); Cachoeira baixa do Tarumã, 16 Km north of Manaus , 12 September 1966, G. T . Prance 2261 ( NY); Estrada Manaus-Caracaraí Km 396, 28 August 1987, C. A. C . Ferreira 9268, ( K); Rio Urubu, betwen factory and Manaus-Itacoatiara Road , 10 June 1968, G. T . Prance 5107, ( K, NY). Pará: Oriximiná, Rio Mapuera margem direita entre a Cach. da Madame e Cach. das Ilhas , 15 August 1986, C. A. C . Ferreira 7778, ( K); margem esquerda, Campina das 3 ilhas a 4 Km da margem do rio, 19 August 1986 C. A. C . Ferreira 7805 ( K); Rio Mapuera, ca 10 km upriver from Cachoeira Porteira: “ Campina dos Onces ” ( Waldemar’s name), ca. 1 km north of the river, 30 June 1980, C . Davidson 10607 ( NY); Roraima: Estrada Manaus-Caracaraí, Km 396, 28 August 1987, C. A. C . Ferreira 9268 ( NY) .

Vernacular names —Pau-roxo, Violeta.

Figures

FIGURE 5. Distribution map of species of Peltogyne in solid ground, relatively far from floodplains in the Amazon.

FIGURE 9. Peltogyne campestris Huber ex Ducke. A, rough branch with leaflets, and inflorescence at the apex (scale: 5 cm). B, young flower bud (scale: 5 mm). C, persistent bracteoles (scale: 3 mm). D, flower bud in pre-anthesis (scale: 5 mm). E, fruit (scale: 1 cm). Illustrated by Fábio Júnior Kochanovski.