Parinari brasiliensis, (Schott) Hook. f.

Barbosa-Silva, Rafael Gomes, 2024, A Taxonomic Treatment of Parinari (Chrysobalanaceae) in the Atlantic Forest, Brazil, Systematic Botany (Basel, Switzerland) 49 (2), pp. 381-395 : 388-393

2. PARINARI BRASILIENSIS (Schott) Hook.f. , in Mart. Fl. Bras. 14(2): 51. 1867. Petrocarya brasiliensis Schott , in Spreng., Linn. Syst. Veg., ed. 16. 4(2), (Cur. Post.): 405. 1827. TYPE: BRAZIL.

[ Rio de Janeiro], Ad. Pilar, fl., H. W. Schott 4222 (lectotype, here designated: W [ W0059490 digital image!]; isolectotypes: F [ F874620 digital image!], NY [00428638!], W [ W0059491 digital image!]), possible isolectotype: K [ K000220817 !] .

Ferolia brasiliensis (Schott) Kuntze, Rev. Gen. 216. 1891. nom. nud.

Parinari glazioviana Warm. , in Vidensk. Meddel. Dansk Nat. Føren. Kjøb., as Parinarium glaziovianum 1874: 72. 1874. TYPE: BRAZIL. Rio de Janeiro: Cosme Velho a Laranjeiras, Corcovado. I Feb 1868, fl., A. F. M. Glaziou 2560 (lectotype designated by Prance & Sothers (2003): K [ K000220811 !]; isolectotype: BR [ BR0000006968779 digital image!], C [ C10009423 digital image!, C10009424 digital image!], F [ F667166 digital image!], FI [ FI005154 digital image!], P [ P04763322 digital image!, P05609089 digital image!]). Syn. nov.

Parinari sylvestris M.Kuhlm., Loefgrenia 13: 1. 1964. TYPE: BRAZIL. S ~ ao Paulo, Paranapiacaba, Estaç ~ ao Biologica, 28 Nov 1951, fl., J. G. Kuhlmann 2736 (holotype: SP [ SP000486 !]; isotype: SPF [ SPF72190 !], US [ US 00130978!]). Syn. nov.

Trees ca. 35 m tall, buttress roots absent, base digitate, rhytidome lenticellate. Leaves with stipules caducous, 12–16 3 ca. 2.7 mm, lanceolate, abaxial surface arachnoid and pilose, adaxial surface glabrous, cataphylls rarely present; petiole 3–9.5 3 0.7–1.6(–2) mm, terete, pilose and arachnoid when young, arachnoid or glabrescent when mature, one pair of nectaries in the median region; leaf blades plane to slightly concave, 3–9(–16) 3 1.2–4(–6) cm, elliptic to oblong, chartaceous, base cuneate, rarely convex, apex acute, margin entire, plane; abaxial surface densely arachnoid, greenish, venation eucamptodromous, 17–20(–30) pairs of secondary veins, veins prominent, arachnoid, arachnoid and rarely pilose or glabrescent, brownish or greenish, adaxial surface glabrescent, rarely arachnoid. Thyrse ca. 50 mm long; bracts brownish, widely ovate, margin strongly revolute, 3.5–5 3 ca. 3 mm, inner face glabrous, outer face arachnoid, pilose in the median portion; pedicels 1.5–2.5 mm long. Floral receptacle brownish, 5–6 mm long, infundibuliform, arachnoid, pilose; sepals (2.5–)3.1 3 (1) 1.5 mm, arachnoid to pilose in the central portion in the upper quarter; petals glabrous, 1.5–2.2 3 ca. 0.7 mm, ovate to trullate, apex acute or rounded, cucullate, venation conspicuous; filaments 1.3–1.6 mm long, anthers cream-colored, ca. 0.5 mm long, staminodes ca. 0.4 mm long; ovary pilose, style ca. 3.2 mm long, pilose in the lower half. Drupe brownish, ovate to elliptic, 24–35 3 17–20 mm. Figures 3F–I , 4J–R .

Habitat and Distribution — Parinari brasiliensis has the widest geographical distribution in the Atlantic Forest among the species of the genus. Most individuals are found in Montane Dense Ombrophilous Forest and Submontane Dense Ombrophilous Forest at elevations between 400–1000 m. The southernmost record of the species is in the state of Santa Catarina, the distribution extends northwards to the Montane Dense Ombrophilous Forest in the state of Pernambuco ( Fig. 5 ).

Preliminary Conservation Status — Parinari brasiliensis was previously assessed by Amorim et al. (2013) as Endangered (EN). Their assessment, however, was based on restricted sampling of specimens of P. brasiliensis , as most specimens of the species were at that time identified as Parinari excelsa . In addition, the state of Rio de Janeiro, where the species occurs, is a region with a colonial past of intense land use, and today there are naturalized invasive species that compete with the natives ( Antar et al. 2022). Therefore, I hereby present a reassessment of P. brasiliensis with an updated species delimitation. Parinari brasiliensis has extent of occurrence (EOO) of 500,844 km 2 and area of occupancy (AOO) of 196,000 km 2 and would likely be considered Near Threatened (NT) if a formal assessment were performed.

Additional Specimens Examined — Brazil. — ALAGOAS: Ibateguara. AL-2 E, 28 Jun 2016, A. A. S. Mascarenhas s/n ( IMA) . — BAHIA: Arataca. Serra Novo Javi, RPPN do IESB. Rod. Una/Arataca, estrada 9, 5 km, mais 8, 9 km ate a sede da RPPN, trilha da serra, 12 Sep 2009, L. Daneu et al. 105 ( CEPEC, HUESC, RB) . — ESPÍRITO SANTO: Sooretama, Reserva Biologica de Sooretama. Porç ~ ao oeste, trilha do rio sul. Floresta de Tabuleiro , 19 Jan 2010, A. O. Giaretta et al. 716 ( HUEFS, SAMES) . — PARANÁ: Antonina, Munduıra , 4 Jan 1979, G. Hatschbach et al. 41827 ( INPA, MBM, MO, SPSF) . — PERNAMBUCO: S ~ ao Vicente Ferrer, Mata do Estado , 28 May 1996, E. M. N. Ferraz et al. 942 ( PEUFR) . — RIO DE JANEIRO: Parati, condomınio das Laranjeiras, 15 Nov 1993, M. I. M. Hernandez et al. 30119 ( HUEFS, UEC) . — SANTA CATARINA: S ~ ao Francisco do Sul , 15 Mar 2010, S. Dreveck et al. 2488 ( FURB) . — SÃO PAULO: Cananeia. Ilha do Cardoso, morro Tr^es Irm ~ aos, proximo ao rio Pereque , 6 Aug 1989, F. Barros et al. 1696 ( IAC, K, SP) ; Paranapiacaba. Via ferrea S ~ ao Paulo a Santos, Estaç ~ ao Biologica, 28 Nov 1951, M. Kuhlmann 2738 ( HUEFS, NY, SP, SPF) ; Parque Estadual da Serra do Mar , Nucleo Piloes ~, 14 Dec 1988, J. B. Baitello 282 ( SPSF) ; Salesopolis. Boracea, 16 Feb 1950, M. Kuhlmann 2354 ( K, SP) ; S ~ ao Miguel Arcanjo. Parque Estadual de Carlos Botelho , 8 Jan 2015, B. G. Silva 232 ( UEC) ; Ubatuba. Fazenda Capricornio, Parcela I ( Parque Estadual da Serra do Mar ), 7 Feb 2008, J. A. M. A. Gomes 461 ( HUEFS, IAC) .

Notes — Petrocarya brasiliensis was published with a short diagnosis by Schott ( Sprengel 1827). Decades later, Hooker (1867) transferred this taxon to Parinari , distinguishing it from other species from the Atlantic Forest (e.g. Parinari pohlii ) by characters like the more robust habit and longer flowers. Prance (1972) synonymized P. pohlii to P. brasiliensis and recognized other species of Parinari in the Atlantic Forest, Parinari excelsa among them, a species until then only known from Africa. In the same work, the author defined a species complex composed of P. excelsa , P. brasiliensis (including P. pohlii ), P. pachyphylla , P. sprucei , and P. occidentalis and differentiated P. excelsa from P. brasiliensis by shorter leaves with the blade having fewer pairs of veins, even though the two species display overlapping ranges of variation in these features.

In the protologue for P. brasiliensis, Schott ( Sprengel 1827) did not cite any specimens, nor did he designate a type. Prance and Sothers (2003), however, indicated the holotype as being the specimen in the herbarium W (e.g. “holo: W; iso: K, NY”). According to article 7.11 of the ICB ( Turland et al. 2018), after 2001 typification is only achieved if the typification statement contains the phrase “designated here” or equivalent. Therefore, I designate here one of the duplicates at W as the lectotype. The specimen here designated, W0059490, likely has the original label bearing Schott’ s handwriting; it was possibly the material used in the species description. The label in specimen W0059490 has two numbers, 4222 and 145. The number 4222 belongs to Schott while 145 belongs to Mikan, as the latter’ s collections have low numbering and both names are signed in the label, which is the cause of differences in herbarium data. The specimen K000220817 has different label data from the other specimens of the lectotype gathering; it does not have a collector number, the locality is described as “Rio Janeiro,” and it contains information that it was distributed from W and is a gathering by Schott.

The specific collection locality is described on the lectotype as “Ad. Pilar” (when arriving at Pilar). Pilar is a locality in the municipality of Duque de Caxias (state of Rio de Janeiro), close to the border of the municipality of Mage, which was part of the itinerary travelled by Schott ( Urban 1906). Submontane Dense Ombrophilous Forest dominates in this region, where only records of mature individuals identified as Parinari excelsa have been found in herbaria. As Schott described the species and the collection locality is part of his itinerary, this gathering should be attributed to him.

Based on field work and analysis of the relevant types and protologues, I concluded that specimens from the Atlantic Forest that have been identified as P. excelsa ( Sztutman and Rodrigues 2002; Zipparro et al. 2005) actually correspond to P. brasiliensis . The two new synonyms of Parinari brasiliensis presented here are names published from Atlantic Forest specimens that were previously treated as synonyms of P. excelsa .

Parinari brasiliensis differs from P. pohlii by reaching up to 35 m tall (vs. 10 m tall), and by having a lenticellate rhytidome (vs. conspicuously reticulate), the receptacle 5–6 mm long (vs. ca. 10 mm long), and petals 1.5–2.2 mm long (vs. 3–4.6 mm long). Additionally, P. pohlii occurs only in Seasonal Semideciduous Montane Forests, associated with rocky, quartzitic or clay-rich soils, while P. brasiliensis is found in Ombrophilous Forests.

3. PARINARI LITTORALIS Prance, Fl. Neotrop. Monogr. 9: 191. 1972. TYPE: BRAZIL. Bahia, Marau, 5 Oct 1965, fl., R. P. Belem 1833 (holotype: IAN [ IAN120074 digital image!]; isotypes: BR [ BR0000006968472 digital image!], CEPEC [ CEPEC00001109 !], NY [ NY00074312 !, NY00428646 !], UB [ UB0002077 !]) .

Parinari subrotunda Rizz. Leandra 3–4: 8. 1974. TYPE: BRAZIL, Bahia, Ilheus, fazenda Ipiranga, 28 Sep 1972, fl., D.P. Lima 13083 (holotype: RB [ RB00537115 !]; isotypes: HST [ HST4052 !], HUEFS [ HUEFS000050682 !], PEUFR [ PEUFR12674 !]).

Parinari leontopitheci Prance, Kew Bull. 50: 719. 1995. TYPE: BRAZIL. Bahia, Una. Mata higrofila. Reserva Biologica do Mico-Le ~ ao (REBIO - IBAMA). Entrada km 46 Rod. Ilheus/ Una , 14 Apr 1993, fl., A.M. Amorim et al. 1261 (holotype: CEPEC [ CEPEC00058393 !]; isotypes: K [ K000220815 !, K000220816 !], MBM [ MBM163199 digital image!], MBML [ MBML00011256 !], MO [ MO1674470 digital image!], NY [00038465!], US [ US 00432778!]). Syn nov.

Trees ca. 35 m tall, buttress roots straight, rhytidome scaly. Leaves with stipules caducous, 16–20 3 2.5–3.5 mm, lanceolate, abaxial surface arachnoid with pilose center, adaxial surface glabrous, cataphylls rarely present, 15–25(–28) mm long; petiole (2.7–)3.4–4(–5.5) 3 1.2–2.4 mm, canaliculate, rarely terete, pilose and arachnoid when young, arachnoid or glabrous when mature, nectaries absent, rarely present; leaf blades plane to slightly concave, (3.5–)5.5–8(–17) 3 2–4.5(–6) cm, oblong or ovate to widely elliptic, coriaceous, base rounded to subcordate, apex mucronate to acute, margin entire, revolute or rarely flat; abaxial surface densely arachnoid, greenish, venation eucamptodromous, 15–22 pairs of secondary veins, veins prominent, pilose and arachnoid or glabrescent, brownish or greenish; adaxial surface glabrescent, rarely arachnoid. Thyrse 27–130 mm long; bracts brownish, widely ovate, margin strongly revolute, ca. 4 3 2.5–3 mm, inner face glabrous, outer face arachnoid with pilose middle portion; pedicels 2 mm long. Floral receptacle brown, 5.5–6 mm long, campanulate, arachnoid, pilose; sepals 2–2.2 3 0.8–1 mm, arachnoid and pilose in the center, upper sides arachnoid; petals puberulent in the upper fifth, 1–2.3(–2.8) 3 0.6–1 mm, obtrullate, apex rounded, cucullate, veins inconspicuous; filaments ca. 1.8 mm long; anthers cream-colored, ca. 0.5 mm long; staminodes 7, ca. 0.2 mm long; ovary pilose; style ca. 2.5 mm long, pilose in the lower three fifths. Drupe brownish, narrowly elliptic, 32–50 3 11.5–16 mm. Figures 6A–F , 7A–I .

Habitat and Distribution — Parinari littoralis occurs in the Northeast coast of Brazil, in the states of Bahia and Sergipe, in Lowland Dense Ombrophilous Forest, Submontane Dense Ombrophilous Forest, and Vegetation with Maritime Influence (Restinga), at elevations up to 200 m ( Fig. 8 ).

Preliminary Conservation Status — Parinari littoralis has an extent of occurrence (EOO) of 55,425 km 2 and area of occupancy (AOO) of 160 km 2. If a formal analysis were performed, it would probably be considered Endangered (EN), based on criterion B2ab(ii,iii), due to its fragmented and restricted distribution in the Atlantic Forest in the states of Bahia and Sergipe. It has been recorded in three protected areas: REBIO (Biological Reserve) Una (Amorim 1261), Ecological Station Serra de Itabaiana (Landim 673), and RPPN (Private Natural Heritage Preserve) Mata do Crasto (Gomes 283).

Additional Specimens Examined— Brazil. — BAHIA: Araças. Conglomerado BA _723–2-2–7, T. F. Schulte 138 ( CEPEC) ; Aramari. Litoral Norte, Subauma Mirim, 04 Dec 2002, N. G. Jesus et al. 1577 ( HUEFS, UESC) ; Belmonte. km 21 da Rod. Belmonte / Itapebi, 18 May 1979, L. A. Matos-Silva et al. 386 ( CEPEC, NY) ; Camaçari, Rodovia Linha Verde, proximo do km

90, 18 Aug 1985, G. Hatschbach et al. 63116 ( CEPEC, HUEFS, NY) ; Camamu. Povoamento de Barcelos do Sul , 17 Jul 2005, A. M. Miranda 5125 ( HST, HUEFS, RB, UFRN) ; Canavieiras. Litoral Sul , rodovia Canavieiras / Una, 21 Oct 2008, E. P. Queiroz 2977 ( HUEFS) ; Conde Fazenda do Bu, Mata do Fund ~ ao I, 22 Aug 1995, T. Jost & M. C. Ferreira 187 ( RB, UESC) ; Fazenda do Bu, Mata do Bebedouro , 27 Apr 1995, T. Jost & H. P. Bautista 85 ( HUEFS, RB) ; Fazenda do Bu, Mata do Sobe e Desce, 27 Oct 1994, M. P. M. Lima 339 ( HUEFS, RB) ; Entre Rios. Fazenda Rio do Negro, ca. 15 km southeast of Entre Rios , 23 Jul 2008, A. V. Popovkin 333 ( NY) ; 21 Aug 2008, A. V. Popovkin 358 ( HUEFS) ; 28 May 2009, A. V. Popovkin 592 ( HUEFS) ; 09 Oct 2010, A. V. Popovkin 762 ( HUEFS) ; 07 Oct 2011, A. V. Popovkin 945 ( HUEFS) ; 09 Oct 2011, A. V. Popovkin 946 ( HUEFS) ; 04 Dec 2011, A. V. Popovkin 994 ( HUEFS) ; 17 Jan 2012, A. V. Popovkin 1034 ( HUEFS) ; Litoral Norte, Massarandupio, a 20 km de Porto de Sauıpe , 17 Jul 2001, M. L. Guedes et al. 8990 ( ALCB) ; Massarandupioo. Fazenda Brejada , 15 Mar 2010, J. G. Carvalho-Sobrinho et al. 2774 ( HUEFS) ; Sauıpe, Reserva Cachoeira , 11 Feb 2009, E. P. Queiroz 3512 ( HUEFS) ; Esplanada, Campo de Malombe , 26 May 1990, M. C. Ferreira 326 ( RB, UESC) ; Fazenda do Bu, Mata do Fund ~ ao II, 22 Aug 1995, M. C. Ferreira 744 ( IPA, RB) ; Santa Cruz Cabralia, Projeto Cedro , 18 Jan 1997, M. L. Guedes et al. 6866 ( ALCB) ; Ilheus, Fazenda retiro, Rodovia Ilheus-Uruçuca , km 14, 13 Oct 1998, R. H. R. Sambuichi 160 ( UESC) ; 21 km Olivença. Ramal da Faz. Ipiranga , 25 Oct 1972, R. S. Pinheiro 1948 ( CEPEC, NY, RB, UESC) ; Estrada Ilheus-Una , entrada a direita sentido a Vila Brasil, 25 Nov 2010, L. Daneu et al. 467 ( RB, SPF) ; Itacare: Campo Cheiroso. Rodovia Ilheus-Itacare , km 46, 03 Dec 2011, R. C. A. Pereira et al. 27 ( HUEFS, RB, SPF) ; Itubera. Ligaç ~ ao entre a Rod. BR-001 e a Praia Prati-Gi, 15 Oct 1998, G. Hatschbach et al. 68532 ( BHCB, CEPEC, SPF) ; Loteamento da Marambaia. Rod. Ilheus Itacare , ca. 6 km de Itacare, 06 Jan 2000, A. M. Amorim et al. 3233 ( NY, SP, UESC) ; Marau , 03 Aug 1967, S. G. Vinha 13 ( CEPEC, NY, RB, UESC) ; 5 Km ao S Marau , BR-030, 13 Jun 1979, S. A. Mori & A. M. Carvalho 12001 ( CEPEC, NY, RB) ; Barra Grande para Campinhos , 03 Oct 2013, M. L. Guedes et al. 21115 ( ALCB) ; Caminho Barra Grande para Itaipu de Fora , 06 Nov 2014, M. L. Guedes et al. 22976 ( ALCB) ; Rod. BR-030, ca. 11,3 Km na Rod. Saquaıra / Campinhos, 06 Sep 1999, A. M. Carvalho et al. 6805 ( K, NY, RB, SPF, UESC, UFRN) ; Massarandupio , P. L. R. Moraes 2709 ( HUEFS) ; Nilo Peçanha; Rod. Nilo Peçanha / Cairu , 13 Nov 2013, J. L. Paix ~ ao et al. 300 ( NY, RB, SPF, UESC) ; Camaçari, margens do Rio Capivara , 14 Aug 1999, M. L. Guedes et al. 6382 ( ALCB) ; Una, mata da Fazenda Cabana da Serra , 08 Nov 1971, D. P. Lima 12722 ( HST) ; Reserva Biologica de Una Trilha do Rio Marium , L. A. Passos Junior et al. 686 ( ALCB) ; Litoral Sul, Reserva Biologica do Mico-le ~ ao ( IBAMA). Entrada Km 46 da Rod. BA-001 Ilheus / Una, 28 Jul 1994, J. Jardim et al. 533 ( ALCB, CEPEC, NY) ; Reserva Biologica do Mico-le ~ ao. Entre KM 46 BA-001 Ilheus / Una , 13 Sep 1995, A. M. Carvalho et al. 6107 ( CEPEC, NY). Jandaıra, Entrada para Jandaıra, 02 Mar 2012, M. L. Guedes et al. 19382 ( ALCB), M. L. Guedes et al. 19383 ( VIES). Sergipe: Areia Branca, Estaçao ~ Ecologica da Serra de Itabaiana , 16 Sep 1995, M. F. Landim et al. 673 ( ASE, HUEFS) ; Trilha para o veu da noiva, K. Mendes et al. 269 ( UFP) ; Est^ancia , 24 Apr 1980, [ IPA 31698 ] ( IPA) ; Itabaiana , 13 Sep 1981, G. Viana 87 ( IPA) ; Serra de Itabaiana , 02 Apr 1974, Andrade-Lima 74–7745 ( IPA) ; 13 Sep 1981, R. Barreto et al. 17 ( IPA) ; 13 Dec 1984, G. Viana 1088 ( ASE, SPF) ; Itaporanga d’ Ajuda. Area de reserva do P. A. 8 de Março, 16 Sep 1996, M. F. Landim et al. 1020 ( SPF) ; Itaporanga, Fazenda Trapsa , 27 Feb 2007, J. F. Melo et al. 21 ( ASE) ; Serra de Itabaiana , May 2004, A. Ribeiro 588 ( HUEFS), A. Ribeiro 589 ( HUEFS) ; Santa Luzia do Itanhy, RPPN Mata do Crasto , 20 Dec 2011, L. A. Gomes et al. 283 ( ASE, HUEFS, JPB) ; Entre Santa Luzia e Crasto. Mata do Dr. Jorge , 15 Jun 2000, A. M. Amorim et al. 3457 ( CEPEC, MBML, NY, RB, UFRN) ; RPPN Mata do Castro , 17 Apr 2012, R. M. Deda et al. 141 ( ASE, JPB) .

Notes — Parinari leontopitheci is the most recently published name applied to an Atlantic Forest species ( Prance 1995). Prance considered it to be closely related to P. littoralis but distinguished it by its smaller leaf blades and lax inflorescences. However, specimens found in type localities have similarly small leaf blades in emergent individuals. Moreover, I found that inflorescence length is highly variable even within single individuals, which precludes recognizing these taxa as distinct. Additionally, the circumscription of P. subrotunda includes the variation found in P. littoralis , corroborating the synonymization proposed by Prance and Sothers (2003).

In some localities, Parinari littoralis occurs in sympatry with P. alvimii . In the municipality of Entre Rios, in the northern

coast of Bahia, individuals of P. littoralis with strongly revolute leaves, similar to P. alvimii , have been found. However, P. littoralis can be differentiated by the stipules 16–20 mm long (vs. 28(–38) mm long), bracteoles ca. 4 3 2.5–3 mm (vs. ca. 6.5 3 4.5–5 mm) and flowers 5.5–6 mm long (vs. 6–8 mm long). In the southern coast of Bahia, P. littoralis is commonly known as “cambuquinha.” Another species of Chrysobalanaceae was recently described from the same region ( Amorim et al. 2018).

Figures

FIG. 3. A–E. Parinari alvimii. A. Scaly rhytidome. B. Strongly revolute leaf with small nectaries on the margin. C. Branch with inflorescence and dry stipule. D. Details of flower, bud, and bract. E. Fruit. F–I. Parinari brasiliensis. F. Lenticellate rhytidome. G. Details of the stipules present on branch with young leaf. H. Leaf. I. Fruit. (Photos: A–E. R.G. Barbosa-Silva 737, 965; F–G. R.G. Barbosa-Silva 751; I. photographer N. L. Faria).

FIG. 4. A–E. Parinari alvimii. A. Flower. B. Longitudinal section of flower. C. Bract. D. Sepal. E–I. petals. J–R. Parinari brasiliensis. J. Flower. K. Longitudinal section of the flower. L. Bract. M. Sepal. N–R. Petals. Drawn by N. Nascimento.

FIG. 5. Geographic distribution of Parinari alvimii (circles) and Parinari brasiliensis (triangles) in the Atlantic Forest (green shaded area).

FIG. 6. A–F. Parinari littoralis. A. Scaly rhytidome. B. Leaf. C. Detail of the stipule present in a branch with young leaves. D. Branches with inflorescences. E. Details of the flower with the petals still present. F. Fruit. G–L. Parinari pohlii. G. Conspicuously reticulate rhytidome. H. Leaf. I. Detail of stipules still present on branches with young leaves. J. Detail of the mature inflorescence. K. Flowers. L. Fruit. (Photos: A, B, C, F. R.G. Barbosa-Silva 1022; D, E. A. Popovkin 762; G–L. R.G. Barbosa-Silva 881).

FIG. 7. A–E. Parinari littoralis. A. Flower. B. Flower longitudinal section. C. Bract. D. Sepal. E–I. Petals. J–R. Parinari pohlii. J. Flower. K. Longitudinal section of flower. L. Bract. M. Sepal. N–R. Petals. Drawn by N. Nascimento.

FIG. 8. Geographic distribution of Parinari littoralis (circles) and Parinari pohlii (triangle) in the Atlantic Forest (area shaded in green).