Nungara gaturama, Pinto & Rheims, 2016

Pinto, Elaine Cristina & Rheims, Cristina Anne, 2016, A new genus of Neotropical spiders of the family Sparassidae (Arachnida: Araneae), Zoologia (e 20160160) 33 (6), pp. 1-15 : 9-11

Nungara gaturama sp. nov.

Figs. 3-4 , 7-26 , 38-48 , 60

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Diagnosis. Males of N. gaturama sp. nov. are distinguished from those of the remaining species of the genus by the palp with longitudinal tegular groove (C-shaped in the other species) and embolus arising from tegulum at 6 o’clock position (Figs. 39, 45) (2 o’clock in N. anama sp. nov., 3 o’clock in N. niveomaculata comb. nov. see Figs. 28 , 50 ). Females are distinguished by the epigyne with median septum oblong, with roughly the same width throughout its extension ( Figs. 41 , 47 ) (oval in N. anama sp. nov., subtriangular in N. niveomaculata comb. nov. see Figs. 30 , 52 ).

Description. Male (IBSP 54319). Prosoma pale yellow, slightly darker at eye area and pale orange along lateral margins of cephalic region and thoracic striae, with fine lines extending posteriorly from behind PME and PLE; fovea pale brown; eye borders black. Chelicerae pale orange. Legs and palps pale orange with tarsi and metatarsi darker. Labium and endites cream colored, distally translucent white. Sternum cream colored with margins slightly more sclerotized and darker. Opisthosoma cream colored; dorsally with brown pattern of spots laterally and median irregular marks down posterior half ( Fig. 3 ). Total length: 8.9. Prosoma : 3.9 long, 3.8 wide. Opisthosoma : 4.9 long, 2.8 wide. Eyes: diameters: 0.35, 0.29, 0.23, 0.30; interdistances: 0.24, 0.10, 0.40, 0.35, 0.25, 0.15. Legs: I: 26.7 (7.1, 2.3, 7.9, 7.5, 1.9); II: 29.2 (8.0, 2.4, 8.7, 8.0, 2.1); III: 17.2 (5.4, 1.5, 4.7, 4.3, 1.3); IV: 20.1 (6.2, 1.6, 5.2, 5.6, 1.5). Palp: RTA with short, curved tip in ventral view, conical and gently curved ventrally in retrolateral view ( Figs. 38-40 , 44-46 ).

Female (IBSP 48255). Coloration pattern as in male, slightly darker and with more densely packed lateral spots ( Fig. 4 ). Total length 11.3. Prosoma: 4.1 long, 4.4 wide. Opisthosoma: 6.9 long, 4.5 wide. Eyes: diameters: 0.35, 0.31, 0.22, 0.30; interdistances: 0.25, 0.20, 0.50, 0.49, 0.21, 0.30. Legs: I: 22.6 (6.3, 2.1, 6.6, 6.0, 1.6); II: 25.2 (7.0, 2.6, 7.2, 6.7, 1.7); III: 16.1 (4.9, 1.8, 4.3, 3.8, 1.3); IV: 19.0 (5.5, 1.9, 5.0, 5.1, 1.5). Epigyne: epigynal plate slightly longer than wide; median septum two times longer than wide; hood-like projection mushroom cap-shaped, two times wider than long ( Figs. 41 , 47 ). Vulva: glandular projection cylindrical, as wide as long, anterio-mediad ( Figs. 42-43 , 48 ).

Variation. Males (n = 15): total length: 6.0-9.7; prosoma length: 2.8-4.5; femur I length: 5.4-8.2. Females (n = 15): total length: 7.3-14.0; prosoma length: 3.0-5.0; femur I length: 4.9-6.8.

Type material. Male holotype from Reserva Biológica de Una , Una [15°11’S, 39°01’W], Bahia, Brazil, 13 April 1998, A.D. Brescovit et al. leg. ( IBSP 18343 ) .

Paratypes. Female, Mata do Crasto (11°23’S, 37°24’W), Santa Luzia do Itanhy, Sergipe, Brazil, 9-13 September 1999, A.D. Brescovit et al. leg. ( IBSP 43269 ) ; 2 males, 2 females, Parque Estadual de Itaúnas (18°25’S, 39°42’W), Conceição da Barra, Espírito Santo, Brazil, 15 December 2002 - 6 March 2003, Equipe Biota leg. ( IBSP 54320 , 54315 , MZSP 70918 , 70919 ) ; 1 female, Fazenda Engenho D’Agua , São Francisco do Conde [12°39’S, 38°35’W], Bahia, Brazil, 11 August 1968, Equipe Cepec-Ceplac leg. ( MNRJ 6904 ) ; 1 male, Fazenda Mangabeira, Lomanto Júnior [14°48’S, 39°28’W], 12 July 1968, Equipe Cepec-Ceplac leg. ( MNRJ 1701 ) ; 1 male, Fazenda Esperança , Camacan [15°25’S, 39°29’W], Bahia, Brazil, 7 June 1969, Equipe Cepec-Ceplac leg. ( MNRJ 1683 ) ; 1 male, 1 female, Fazenda Pau Brasil, Itamarajú [17°02’S, 39°01’W], 13 March-20 June 1969, Equipe Cepec-Ceplac leg. ( MNRJ 1730 , 13298 ) ; 2 males, 3 females, with the same data as holotype ( IBSP 45113 , MZSP 70920-70923 ) .

Additional material examined. BRAZIL. Paraíba: Mamanguape [06°50’S, 35°07’W], Área de Proteção Ambiental de Mamanguape , 1 female, 2001, C. Arzabe leg. (IBSP 39305). Sergipe: Santa Luzia do Itanhy , Mata do Crasto (11°23’S, 37°24’W), 4 males, 5 females, 9-13 September 1999, A.D. Brescovit et al. leg. (IBSP 43260-43268). Bahia: 5 males, 8 females, 41 juveniles, no date, Equipe Cepec-Ceplac leg. (MNRJ 1687, 1690, 1721); Ilhéus, Reserva do CEPLAC (14°46’22.7”S, 39°13’13.8”W), 1 female, 7 April 1998, A.D. Brescovit et al. leg. (IBSP 19109); 1 female, 8-9 December 2010, G.H.F. Azevedo & A.J. Santos leg. (UFMG 9486); Porto Seguro [01°02’S, 47°25’W], Estação Ecológica de Pau Brasil, 1 male, 20 April 998, A.D. Brescovit et al. leg. (IBSP 17956); Mata de São João [12°31’S, 38°18’W], Fazenda Cumurujipe, 2 males, 2006, C. Machado leg. (IBSP 85283, 85349); Salvador [12°58’S, 38°30’W], Cabula, Campus do 19° Batalhão de Caçadores , 1 male, 2005, C.M. Pinto Leite leg. (IBSP 71515); Jardim Botânico, 1 male, November 2005 - April 2006, A.O. Alves leg. (IBSP 63333); Gandu [13°44’S, 39°29’W], 2 males, 2 females, 18 juveniles, no date, Equipe Cepec-Ceplac leg. (MNRJ 1699, 1722); 1 female, 1973, A. Timotheo leg. (IBSP 3342); Fazenda São Rafael, 8 males, 3 females, 27 juveniles, 8 May 1969 - 14 March 1971, Equipe Cepec-Ceplac leg. (MNRJ 1681, 1688, 1718, 1724); Fazenda Pedra Branca, 8 males, 7 females, 12 juveniles, 18 December 1969 - 23 April 1970, Equipe Cepec-Ceplac leg. (MNRJ 1689, 1723, 13087, 13088, 13095); Fazenda Mineiro, 2 males, 5 females, 12 juveniles, 21 November 1970, Equipe Cepec-Ceplac leg. (MNRJ 1691, 1726); Fazenda Pau Brasil, 1 female, 1 August 1968, Equipe Cepec-Ceplac leg. (MNRJ 13090); Coaraci [14°38’S, 39°35’W], Fazenda Boa Esperança, 6 males, 10 females, 52 juveniles, 22 July-23 April 1971, Equipe Cepec-Ceplac leg. (MNRJ 1679, 1680, 1682, 1692, 1693, 1696, 1728); Uruçuca [14°39’S, 39°37’W], Fazenda Santa Tereza, 1 male, 1 female, 7 juveniles, 21 October 1969 - 25 March 1970, Equipe Cepec-Ceplac leg. (MNRJ 1695, 13094); Estação Experimental de Uruçuca, 1 male, 1 female, 19 August 1968, Equipe Cepec-Ceplac leg. (MNRJ 1705); Lomanto Junior [14°48’S, 39°28’W], Fazenda Mangabeira, 1 female, 5 juveniles, 29 May 1968, Equipe Cepec-Ceplac leg. (MNRJ 1719); Fazenda São José , 2 males, 5 females, 23 juveniles, 6 May 1969 - 15 September 1969, Equipe Cepec-Ceplac leg. (MNRJ 1685, 1694, 1704); Jussari [15°07’S, 39°30’W], Reserva Natural da Serra do Teimoso , 1 female, 8-9 April 1998, A.D. Brescovit et al. leg. (IBSP 18720); Fazenda São Francisco, 3 males, 24 October-24 November 1970, Equipe Cepec-Ceplac leg. (MNRJ 13096, 13112); Una [15°11’S, 39°01’W], Reserva Biológica de Una, 6 males, 12 females, 15-28 November 2000, A.D. Brescovit et al. leg. (IBSP 45099, 45101, 45103-45107, 45109-45111, 45114, 45116, 45130, 47121, 47998, 48255); Itamarajú [17°02’S, 39°01’W], Fazenda Pau Brasil, 3 males, 3 females, 18 juveniles, 9 May 1968 - 21 March 1971, Equipe Cepec-Ceplac leg. (MNRJ 1720, 1735, 13113, 13130, 13186); Prado [17°20’S, 39°13’W], Fazenda Furado, 4 females, 11 juveniles, 7 August-13 September 1970, Equipe Cepec-Ceplac leg. (MNRJ 1700). Minas Gerais: Poços de Caldas [21°47’S, 46°33’W], 1male, no date, no collector (MNRJ 1744). Espírito Santo: Linhares [19°23’S, 40°03’W], 1 male, 8 August 1968, Equipe Cepec-Ceplac leg. (MNRJ 1727). São Paulo: São José do Rio Pardo [21°35’S, 46°53’W], Fazenda Santa Helena, 1 male, 7 August 1969, D.G. Barreto leg. (IBSP 8573); Iguape [24°42’S, 47°33’W], 1 female, December 1987, no collector (MZSP 21381).

Distribution. Known from northeastern and southeastern Brazil (states of Paraíba, Sergipe, Bahia, Minas Gerais, Espírito Santo and São Paulo) ( Fig. 60 ).

Etymology. The specific name is a noun from the Tupi indian language meaning “good omen”.

Figures

Figure 60. Distribution map for the known species of Nungara gen. nov.

Figures 1-4. Dorsal habitus. 1-2; Nungara anama sp. nov.; (1) male, IBSP 12926, (2) female, IBSP 7599. 3-4 Nungara gaturama sp. nov. (3) male, IBSP 63333, (4) female, IBSP 135140. Scale bars: 1 mm

Figures 7-12. Nungara gaturama sp. nov. (7) female, MNRJ 1681, right chelicerae, ventral view (arrow indicating intermarginal denticles); (8) female, MNRJ 1695, left endite, serrula, ventral view; (9) male, MNRJ 1690, leg I, trochanter, dorsal view; (10) male, MNRJ 1690, leg I, metatarsus, trilobate membrane, dorsal view; (11) female, MNRJ 1685, leg I, tarsus, trichobothria, dorsal view; (12) male, MNRJ 1690, leg I, tarsus, tarsal organ, dorsal view. Scale bars: 7, 9 = 500 µm; 8 = 200 µm; 10 = 100 µm; 11 = 5 µm; 12 = 10 µm.

Figures 13-16. Nungara gaturama sp. nov.; (13) male, MNRJ 1687, leg I, claws, retrolateral view (14) male, MNRJ 1718, leg IV, claws, prolateral view (15) male, MNRJ 1690, leg I, tarsos, claw tufts (16) female, MNRJ 1685, pedipalp, claw, retrolateral view. Scale bars: 13- 14 = 200 µm, 15 = 30 µm, 16 = 100 µm.

Figures 17-20. Nungara gaturama sp. nov.; 17-18 male, MNRJ 1718, (17) left palp, cymbium, sensory scopula, dorsal view; (18) ditto, sensory setae, detail; 19-20 female, MNRJ 1681 (19) left pedipalp, prolateral view (arrows indicating sensory setae); (20) ditto, sensory setae, detail. Scale bars: 17 = 50 µm, 18, 20 = 5 µm, 19 = 500 µm.

Figures 21-26. Nungara gaturama sp. nov.; 21-23 male, MNRJ 1687, spinnerets (21) anterior lateral spinneret; (22) posterior median spinneret; (23) posterior lateral spinneret. 24-26 female, MNRJ 1681, spinnerets (24) anterior lateral spinneret; (25) posterior median spinneret; (26) posterior lateral spinneret.(AC = aciniform gland spigot; CY = cylindrical gland spigot; MAP = major ampullate gland spigot; mAP = minor ampullate gland spigot; N = nubbin; PI = piriform gland spigot; T = tartipore). Scale bars: 21 = 100 µm, 22-26 = 50 µm.

Figures 38-43. Nungara gaturama sp. nov. 38-40 male, IBSP 48264, left palp (38) prolateral view, (39) ventral view, (40) retrolateral view. 41-43 female, IBSP 17920, (41) epigyne, ventral view; (42) vulva, dorsal view; (43) schematic course of internal duct system (TG = tegular groove). Scale bars: 1 mm.

Figures 44-48.Nungara gaturama sp. nov. 44-46 male, IBSP 48264, left palp (44) prolateral view; (45) ventral view; (46) retrolateral view. 47-48 female, IBSP 43267, (47) epigyne, ventral view; (48) vulva, dorsal view. Scale bars: 1 mm.

Figures 27-32. Nungara anama sp. nov. 27-29 male, IBSP 134951, left palp (27) prolateral view; (28) ventral view; (29) retrolateral view. 30-32 female, IBSP 7599, (30) epigyne, ventral view; (31) vulva, dorsal view; (32) schematic course of internal duct system (C = conductor; CO = copulatory opening; E = embolus; FD = fertilization duct; GP = glandular projection; HP = hood-like projection; LL = lateral lobe; MS = median septum; RTA = retrolateral tibial apophysis; SP = spermathecae; ST = subtegulum; TG = tegular groove). Scale bars: 1 mm.

Figures 49-54. Nungara niveomaculata (Mello-Leitão, 1941) comb. nov. 49-51 male, IBSP 17956, left palp (49) prolateral view; (50) ventral view; (51) retrolateral view. 52-54 female, IBSP 39305 (52) epigyne, ventral view; (53) vulva, dorsal view; (54) schematic course of internal duct system (TG = tegular groove). Scale bars: 1 mm.