Hiraea hookeriana A.Juss.
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publication ID |
https://doi.org/10.3767/000651916X692906 |
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persistent identifier |
https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03FD8781-FF91-FF9F-6358-F854FC55FB4D |
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treatment provided by |
Felipe |
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scientific name |
Hiraea hookeriana A.Juss. |
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2. Hiraea hookeriana A.Juss. View in CoL — Fig. 2 View Fig ; Map 4 View Map 4
Hiraea hookeriana A.Juss. (1840) 258. — Type: B. de Sch. s.n. [Baron von Schack] (holo K), Trinidad and Tobago, Trinidad.
Woody vine, scandent shrub to 6 m, or small tree 3–4(–8) m; stems densely sericeous when young, becoming glabrous. Leaves opposite. Laminas of the larger leaves 5–15 by 2–7.5 cm, narrowly elliptical to narrowly oblanceolate or narrowly oblong to elliptical or obovate, apex mucronate or emarginate-mucronate, base truncate in smaller leaves to slightly cordate in larger ones, mature laminas coriaceous and bullate, adaxially with sessile to subsessile hairs when young, soon glabrescent to glabrous, abaxially with subsessile to T-shaped hairs and sometimes also with a few Y-shaped hairs when young, soon glabrescent but often hairs retained on the costa and secondary veins especially toward the base, the oldest laminas eventually glabrous, hairs with a stalk (0.05–) 0.1–0.3 mm long, trabecula of T-shaped hairs 0.5–2.2 mm long, straight or wavy, arms of Y-shaped hairs 0.2–0.6 mm long, uneven; margin eglandular or with scattered glands 0.2–0.4(–0.5) mm diam in distal 1/4–1/2 or only near apex; costa and secondary veins impressed adaxially and prominent abaxially. Petioles (2–)3–9 by 1.5–2.5 mm, densely sericeous, with a pair of glands at apex or in the distal 1/3 (in very short petioles sometimes at about the middle), each gland 0.5–1.7 mm long. Stipules 2–4.5(–5) mm long, borne at or slightly above base or sometimes to basal 1/3 (rarely near the middle) of petiole. Inflorescences solitary axillary ternate cymes of 4-flowered umbels or sometimes biternate; umbel without a gland in the centre; inflorescence axis 0–6(–8) mm long, bracts 2–2.5 by 1.5–2 mm; lateral peduncles borne on axes 0–2.5 mm long, subtended by bracts 1–1.5 mm long and wide; peduncles (1.5–)3–11.5(–15.5) mm long, the lateral usually longer than the central one; bracts and bracteoles subtending pedicels 1–2 mm long and wide; pedicels 8–24 by c. 0.5 mm, densely covered with sessile to T-shaped hairs (stalk to 0.1 mm); axes and abaxial surface of bracts and bracteoles densely sericeous. On leafless branches inflorescences usually crowded and condensed, sessile to subsessile, pedicels 8–12 mm long. Sepals 1.8–2.5 by 1.5–2.5 mm, triangular, adaxially glabrous, abaxially sericeous; anterior sepal eglandular, the lateral four biglandular, glands 1–1.3(–2) mm long, or all eglandular. Petals yellow, glabrous; lateral petals with the claw 1.5–2.5 mm long, limb 6.5–7.5(–8) mm long and wide, orbicular, margin subentire to irregularly minutely denticulate, teeth to 0.1 mm long; posterior petal with the claw 3–4 mm long and thicker than that of lateral petals, limb 5 – 6 mm long and wide, orbicular, margin variably lacerate-dentate-fimbriate, teeth/fimbriae to 0.4(–0.7) mm long, those at apex minutely glandular or eglandular. Stamens glabrous, filaments basally connate. Stamen opposite anterior sepal: filament 3–4 mm long, anther 1–1.4 mm long; stamens opposite anterior-lateral petals: filaments 2–3 mm long, anthers 0.8–1 mm long; stamens opposite anterior-lateral sepals: filaments 2.7–3.5 mm long, anthers 0.9–1 mm long; stamens opposite posterior-lateral petals: filaments 2–2.5 mm long, anthers 0.6–0.8 mm long; stamens opposite posterior-lateral sepals: filaments 2.5–3.2 mm long, anthers 0.9–1 mm long; stamen opposite posterior petal: filament 1.8–2.3 mm long, anther 0.5–0.6 mm long. Styles incurved, glabrous; anterior style 2.5–4 by 0.4–0.5 mm, apex extended into a spur 0.2–0.3 mm long; posterior styles 2.5–3.8 by 0.3–0.4 mm, apex extended into a spur 0.1–0.2 mm long. Ovary 1–1.5 mm long, densely villous. Samara butterfly-shaped; lateral wings 2–3 by 1.5–2 cm; dorsal wing 2–3.5 mm long, 1–3 mm high, subentire or coarsely dentate; nut subspherical, 3–3.5 mm diam, areole c. 1.4 by 1.5–2 mm. Embryo spherical, 3–3.5 mm diam.
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Distribution — Northern Venezuela (Falcón, Nueva Esparta, Portuguesa, Táchira, Yaracuy, Zulia), Trinidad.
Habitat & Phenology — In wet evergreen and semi-ever- green riverine forest, thickets, and matorral; sea level to 1300 m; collected in flower in February, April through June, August, and October (in bud in December and January), in fruit from April to June, August, October, and November.
Notes — Traditionally H. hookeriana was equated with H. reclinata in the literature (e.g., Grisebach 1860, Niedenzu 1906, 1928, Cuatrecasas 1958) and in the herbarium. It differs in its distinctive coriaceous bullate laminas, in which the costa and secondary veins are deeply impressed adaxially. The abaxial vesture is composed mostly of T-shaped hairs mixed with some Y-shaped and subsessile hairs, which are gradually abraded. The older laminas become glabrescent and eventually glabrous, but commonly some of the characteristic hairs are retained on and along the costa and secondary veins. Hiraea hookeriana differs from the sympatric H. venezuelana in its bullate leaves, stipules placed at or near the base of the petiole, and in its inflorescences bearing only 4-flowered umbels.
The shape of the posterior petal of H. hookeriana varies from lacerate to having the margin drawn out into fimbriae, these eglandular or minutely gland-tipped. Fig, 2g, h shows the extremes, but in many specimens the margin is intermediate, with the apex more irregularly divided than the lateral margins. The lateral petals are usually subentire but may be minutely denticulate.
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