Tillandsioideae

Leme, Elton M. C., Till, Walter, Halbritter, Heidemarie & Barfuss, Michael H. J., 2025, Arachnandra, a new monotypic genus in Tillandsioideae (Bromeliaceae) from the Atlantic Forest in Brazil, Phytotaxa 693 (1), pp. 1-32 : 27-28

Key to Brazilian Tillandsioideae genera

The ocurrence of species of the genera Cipuropsis in the state of Amazonas, and Goudaea W. Till & Barfuss (2016: 51) in the state of Acre, Brazil, plus the new genus described here, recommend an expansion of the key for Brazilian genera provided by Leme et al. (2017a) in order to encompass those three added entities.

1 Sepals strongly asymmetric and seeds with a plumose flight apparatus formed at the apical end by multicellular hairs folded at maturity, and a multicellular, undivided plume at the basal end ............................................................................................ Catopsis

- Sepals symmetric or nearly so, if strongly asymmetric then seeds with divided, well developed plumose appendage at the basal end forming the flight apparatus, and usually undivided, straight appendage at the apical end, or apical appendage lacking............... 2.

2 Seeds with long appendages on both ends, appendage at the basal end equalling to distinctly shorter than the well-developed appendage at the apical end............................................................................................................................................................... 3.

- Seeds with usually well-developed appendage at the basal end many times longer than the inconspicuous appendage at the apical end, or appendage at the apical end lacking...................................................................................................................................... 4.

3 Plants with prevailingly epilithic or saxicolous habit in well drained terrains; petals 10 to 15 times longer than wide, not forming a campanulate corolla, ephemeral and becoming flaccidescent after anthesis, bearing well developed basal appendages; pollen without any or with only small and low ornamental elements on the sulcus, which has sharply cut margins; anthers with the line of dehiscence on the pollen sacs prevailingly lateral (latrorse dehiscence), the opposed margins of the pollen sacs becoming strongly recurved and touching each other and completely covering the connective at anthesis; stigma of the conduplicate-erect or conduplicate-patent type, white......................................................................................................................................... Alcantarea

- Plants with terrestrial (including saxicolous) habit usually associated with margins of running streams or periodically soaked soils; petals 4 to 6 times longer than wide, forming a narrow campanulate corolla, persistent and becoming erect after anthesis, unappendaged; pollen with a sulcus covered by a kind of operculum of almost smooth exine elements, the sulcus margins moderately to weakly defined; anthers with the line of dehiscence on the pollen sacs prevailingly frontal (introrse dehiscence), the connective area completely exposed and not covered by the margins of the pollen sacs at anthesis; stigma of the convolute-blades II type, green........................................................................................................................................................................... Waltillia

4 Petals bearing well developed basal appendages or rarely unappendaged, totally free, shortly connate at the base only or conglutinate/connate for 1/4 of their length; stigma of the conduplicate-patent, convolute-blade II, simple-erect, tubo-laciniate or cupulate types .................................................................................................................................................................................... 5.

- Petals unappendaged, totally free; stigma of the conduplicate-pinnatisect, conduplicate-spiral, coralliform, simple-erect, simplepatent, simple-truncate type, or if of the convolute-blade I type then petals conglutinated/connate into a distinct tube ............... 10.

5 Stigma of the cupulate type; Amazonian distribution…………..………………….. .......................................................... Werauhia

- Stigma of the conduplicate-patent, convolute-blade II and III, simple-erect or tubo-laciniate types I and II; mostly eastern distribution or few with Amazonian distribution............................................................................................................................... 6.

6 Epilithic on steep bare rock surfaces or sometimes epiphytic in rock outcrops associated habitats; leaves semi-xeromorphic or xeromorphic; stigma usually of the tubo-laciniate types I and II, sometimes of the convolute-blade types II and III... Stigmatodon

- Epiphytic, terrestrial or epilithic on more or less horizontal rocky outcrops, rarely in nearly vertical rocky surfaces; leaves often mesomorphic, rarely semi-xeromorphic; stigma of the conduplicate-patent, convolute-blade II or simple-erect types .................. 7.

7 Flowers odorless when diurnal or scented in night-blooming species; sepals mostly obtuse, rounded, and emarginate, rarely acute or acuminate; petals usually erect in diurnal species, except for the sometimes suberect to recurved apex, forming a tubular or prevailingly tubular corolla, or corolla campanulate in night blooming species; pollen sulcus covered with exine elements of the complex diffuse or complex insulae; stigma convolute-blade II or simple-erect types .................................................................... 8.

- Flowers strongly fragrant; sepals acuminate; petals spreading to reflexed, forming a fan blade-like corolla; pollen sulcus smooth, without prominent ornamental elements; stigma of the conduplicate-patent type ........................................................ Arachnandra

8 Ovules caudate; stigma of the convolute-blade II type ........................................................................................................... Vriesea

- Ovules obtuse; stigma of the simple-erect type ................................................................................................................................. 9.

9 Petals conglutinated/connate into a tube for about 1/4 of their length, apex not cucullate, forming a tubular corolla with erect, slightly spreading or recurved blades, bearing linear basal appendages; anthers united into a tube surrounding the stigma.............. ............................................................................................................................................................................................ Cipuropsis

- Petals shorter connate at the base, apex cucullate, forming a tubular, hardly opened corolla, bearing spathulate basal appendages; anthers not united into a tube surrounding the stigma........................................................................................................... Goudaea

10 Petals conglutinated/connate into a distinct tube; stigma of the conduplicate-blade I type; seeds with usually brown plumose basal appendage............................................................................................................................................................................ Guzmania

- Petals free; stigma different from conduplicate-blade I type; seeds with white plumose basal appendage.................................... 11.

11 Sepals strongly asymmetric.................................................................................................................................................. Racinaea

- Sepals symmetric............................................................................................................................................................................. 12.

12 Petals basally constricted into a claw, with usually strongly, rarely slightly enlarged spreading blades, forming a salverform corolla; stamens deeply included within the corolla..................................................................................................................................... 13.

- Petals not basally constricted, much longer than broad, usually with erect often revolute apex and margins, or slightly cucullate, usually forming a tubular corolla or blades spreading to recurved, or rarely basally constricted into a claw with enlarged, spreading blades forming a salverform corolla; stamens included or exserted from the corolla; style usually much longer or rarely as long as or shorter than the ovary............................................................................................................................................... Tillandsia p.p.

13 Filaments conglutinated/connate at least at the base; ovules clavate, obtuse.................................................................... Lemeltonia

- Filaments free from each other, ovules slenderly cylindric, obtuse, or usually appendiculate shorter than or about as long as the ovule proper..................................................................................................................................................................................... 14.

14 Leaves mostly conspicuously longitudinally reddish-brown striped near the base, color not obscured by the trichomes; stigma of the conduplicate-pinnatisect type; ovules slenderly cylindric................................................................................................ Wallisia

- Leaves not longitudinally striped, usually covered by a dense layer of cinereous trichomes obscuring their green color; stigma of the coralliform type; ovules usually appendiculate shorter than or about as long as the ovule proper......................... Tillandsia p.p