Garrulus glandarius japonicus Temminck & Schlegel, 1847

Steinheimer, Frank D., 2009, The type specimens of Corvidae (Aves) in the Museum für Naturkunde at the Humboldt-University of Berlin, with the description of a new subspecies of Dendrocitta vagabunda, Zootaxa 2149 (1), pp. 1-49 : 9

Garrulus glandarius japonicus Temminck & Schlegel, 1847 : pl. 43 [p. 83]

TL: Japon [ Japan]; restricted to northern Kiusiu [Kyushu] ( Momiyama 1927: 81).

Now Garrulus glandarius japonicus Temminck & Schlegel, 1847 . See Sharpe 1877: 95, Hartert 1903: 32, Vaurie 1959: 144, Blake & Vaurie 1962: 234, Madge & Burn 1999: 96, Dickinson 2003: 509, Dickinson et al. 2004b: 114, Morioka et al. 2005: 65.

SYNTYPE: ZMB 1421. [No sex or age given; adult on plumage]. Loc.: Japan. Date: [1823–1830]. Coll.: [Philipp Franz von Siebold]. Ex.Coll.: Gustav Adolph Frank. [Ex, Mus].

COMMENTS: The name is dated from the plate, which was published in 1847, not from the text, which appeared in 1848 ( Holthuis & Sakai 1970, Dickinson 2003). The ZMB acquired the specimen, not formerly recognized as a type, in February 1849, two years after the original description had been published. The specimen was obtained from Gustav Adolph Frank (1808–1880), a natural history dealer in Amsterdam. On 9 February 1849 he wrote in a letter to M. H. C. Lichtenstein (1780–1857) that the specimen was named and illustrated in the Fauna Japonica (ZMB archives, Sign. SI, Frank, G.A., pp. 81–82). Therefore it is conclusive that this Japanese bird specimen from the mid 19 th century had been collected by Philipp Franz von Siebold (1796–1866), the only ornithologist with access to Japan’s wildlife at that time (mainland Japan was not accessible for foreign visitors until 1856, Morioka et al. 2005: 69–70), and worked up by Coenraad Jacob Temminck (1778–1858) and Hermann Schlegel (1804–1884) after shipment of the specimen from Japan to Leiden in 1830. Three additional syntypes are found at the RMNH (90626-28; Dekker & Quaisser 2006: 65, Dickinson et al. 2004b: 114), with a given collecting locality ‘Kioe Sioe’ [Kyushu], Japan.