Galerita Fabricius, 1801

Fedorenko, D. N., 2025, A review of Galerita (Coleoptera: Carabidae: Dryptini) of Vietnam, with description of ten new species, Russian Entomological Journal 34 (1), pp. 37-63 : 39-40

Galerita Fabricius, 1801

Fabricius, 1801: 214 (non Guan, 1770, suppressed); Schmidt-Göbel, 1846: 26; Andrewes, 1930: 167; Reichardt, 1967: 11, 43; 1977: 447; Habu, 1984: 107. — Galeritula Strand, 1936: 168 (RN) ; Reichardt, 1965: 3; Habu, 1967: 256. — Galeritina Jeannel, 1949: 1058 (RN). — Galeritiola Jeannel, 1949: 1058 (type species: Galerita africana Dejean, 1825 ). — Galeritella Jeannel, 1949: 1058 (type species: Galerita orientalis Schmidt-Göbel, 1846 ); Basilewsky, 1963: 63. — Galericeps Jeannel, 1949: 1058 , 1062 (type species: Galericeps pheropsophoides Jeannel, 1949 ). — Diabena Fairmaire, 1901: 94 (type species: D. perrieri Fairmaire, 1901 ); Basilewsky, 1963: 24.

Type species: Carabus americanus Linnaeus, 1758 , by subsequent designation [Latreille, 1810].

DIAGNOSIS. The genus is well diagnosed. For details see the key in Reichardt [1967].

REDESCRIPTION. Concerns only some significant or additional characters of the Oriental species.

Dorsal microsculpture meshed, more or less distinct, isodiametric on head, while being more superficial to obliterate on frontal carina, slightly transverse and slightly sharper along sides and in front of neck constriction, obliterate or hardly traceable on neck; distinct and barely to moderately transverse on pronotal disc, coarser, isodiametric to granulate along wide submarginal area. Elytral microsculpture very coarse, consisting of small longitudinal granules, arranged in transverse rows, granules being superficial to almost obliterate along longitudinal elytral ridges.

Head with a deep neck constriction, densely and mostly coarsely punctate and pubescent in basal half, nearly glabrous and rather smooth before, with a long, slightly elevated, rounded median longitudinal carina, mostly reaching the level of posterior margin of eye; vertex barely convex or with a shallow yet distinct round depression just behind and on each side of the carina in its posterior part; neck narrow, smooth and glabrous. Clypeus quadrisetose. Antennomere 11 bifid apically due to presence of a doubled digitiform appendage as a characteristic feature of Dryptini .

Pronotum cordate, mostly longer than wide, very densely to confluently punctate and pubescent, confluently punctate to rugose-punctate along sides, bisetose on each side, with posterolateral seta inserted in front of basal angle. These very slightly obtuse to slightly acute, blunt or narrowly rounded. Apical angles small and rounded, not seldom ill-defined.

Elytral intervals each tricarinate, i.e., raised in form of a median longitudinal ridge and a much finer lateral carinule along stria on each side; carinules being distinct, rarely vestigial ( Fig. 9 ). Interval 3 mostly with three dorsal setae, anterior adjoining stria 3, posterior two adjoining stria 2 and varying slightly (from three to five) in number. Parascutellar setae multiple. Umbilical seta series (USS) inside ridge 9 (except in basal fifth), these setae are reduced much in size and thence hard to detect, except at base and at apex, indistinct in between. Pubescence sparse in general, being arranged in a single row of very sparse setae on each side of elytral ridge, or much denser along even than along odd ridges, thus forming 2–3 rows on each side of the former and often becoming denser in all intervals toward base.

Abdominal sternite 7 without preapical median pair of setae (secondary loss).

Sexual dimorphism. Tarsi simple, slender, in female, while having protarsomeres 1–3 strongly asymmetrically dilated, triangular, in male, with antero-apical (inner) angle extended much latero-apicad, and a narrow ventral pad of biserial squamo-setae obliquely set along this extension; protarsomere 1 with a small ventrobasal tooth (absent in female). Abdominal sternite 7 deeply emarginate in male, straight or indistinctly imarginate in the very middle in female; tergite 9 slightly triangular and densely punctate and pubescent, with a small, subglabrous, lateral area, in male, truncate and nearly impunctate in female. Besides, male is slenderer than female due to the elytra being distinctly longer and narrower relative to the pronotum. Some species exhibit the pronotum barely to distinctly longer in males than in females while some others ( G. japonica peregrina Dohrn, 1880 ) have the head distinctly smaller, with the eyes barely longer.

Aedeagus ( Figs 22–43 ): characteristic of Dryptitae, as it has (1) right paramere vestigial and adnate to median lobe, (2) which terminates dorso-apically in two, narrow, well sclerotized ligules. Left paramere rounded, elliptic to subquadrate or subtriangular, more or less similar within the genus in shape ( Figs 44–65 ). Median lobe with apex terminating in a small, rounded capitulum that varies from round to subtriangular in shape depending on species; apical dorsolateral edges proximal to the capitulum sinuate, thus forming blunt to sharp, acute to obtuse, dorso-apical tooth. A fine, preapical, internal, dorsomedial carina adjoining apical capitulum is traceable in dorsal view. The apex densely strigose ( G. orientalis , G. japonica Bates, 1873 ) or smooth (the other species) on ventral side, with a short and very fine venromedial carina ( G. japonica ), elongated and more distinct in some species ( G. sublineata sp.n.) or basally terminated in a subtle tooth ( G. batesi Andrewes, 1923 ; G. ruficeps Chaudoir, 1861 ).

When everted and inflated to maximum, generalized internal sac is large, in dorsal view tapered and often set at about right angle with the median lobe ( Figs 69–83 ). It has two laterobasal bulbs, left and right, and multiple small sclerites each formed by minute sclerotized teeth aggregated in a compact cluster. The sclerites are as follows: (1) ventrobasal sclerite toward the apex of the median lobe, (2) dorso-apical sclerite at apex of the internal sac near gonopore, (3) longer series of dorsomedial sclerites and (4) shorter series of left lateral sclerites. When inside the median lobe these sclerites are either basalmost or apicalmost, or dorsal, or ventral in position, respectively.

This invariant, archetype, integrates the following five major variants: both basal bulbs present, with the left one either simple ( G. japonica , G. batesi , G. ruficeps , G. carinifrons Schaufuss, 1887 [ Figs 69–71 ]; G. dimorpha sp.n., G. variabilis sp.n.) or doubled ( G. tonkinensis Hovorka, 2019 ; G. linearis sp.n.); left basal bulb absent ( G. sublineata sp.n., G. breviceps sp.n.); right basal bulb absent ( G. rufofemorata sp.n., G. konplongensis sp.n.); both left and right basal bulbs absent ( G.quadraticollis sp.n., G. truncata sp.n., G. hrdlickai Hovorka, 2017 [ Figs 93–95 ];? G.wrasei Hovorka, 2019 ); G. orientalis has a somewhat deviant internal sac.

DISTRIBUTION. In the Oriental region, the genus ranges from India and Nepal east to China, Korea, Japan, and southeast to the Sunda Isles [ Reichardt, 1965].

HABITATS AND HABITS. Apterous species are exclusively montane and forest-dwelling while the most common macropterous species, G. japonica , occurs also along forest edges and in cultivated lands at lower altitudes. The adults have habits that are somewhat similar to those of Carabus Linnaeus, 1758 , due chiefly to their larger size and running fast on the ground. Macropterous species ( G. japonica peregrina ) also fly to light in the evening and at night.

COMMENTS. All the species reviewed or described below are very similar to one another in most characters of external morphology. These, combined with characters of the internal sac of the aedeagus, only secure species discrimination and identification. The shape of the apex of the median lobe and the shape of the inflated internal sac, combined with a particular number of its small sclerites, are significant for the purpose. Particular internal sacs are similar in all species examined, whether these belong to the orientalis -group or to the carinifrons -group established by Reichardt [1965] and differentiated based on the combination of two characters only. Well rounded basal angles of the pronotum, combined with a dense elytral pubescence, define the former group while sharp angles together with a sparser to nearly indistinct pubescence are features of the latter. It follows from my comparison between species examined that the two characters considered, especially the elytral pubescence, vary much between not only species, but also individuals of some of them.

Though the differences are minute if at all, we maintain the existence of the two groups. The orientalis -group includes G. orientalis , G. japonica , G. borneensis Hovorka, 2019 , and probably also G. indica Chaudoir, 1861 . The other Oriental species belong to the carinifrons -group, which also is true of G. chinensis Hovorka, 2019 , G. guandongensis Hovorka, 2019 , and G. wrasei Hovorka, 2019 , originally placed within the orientalis -group [ Hovorka, 2019]. Galerita ruficeps is here placed within the carinifrons -group as well, as it is closely related to G. batesi .

Figures

Figs 7–9. Dorsal habitus: 7 — Galerita batesi, ♀ from Pai, Thailand; 8 — G. truncata sp.n., holotype; 9 — G. hrdlickai, ♂ from Tamblingan Lake, Bali. Рис. 7–9. Габитус дорЗально: 7 — Galerita batesi, ♀ иЗ Паи, Таиланд; 8 — G. truncata sp.n., голотип; 9 — G. hrdlickai, ♂ иЗ окр. оЗ. Тамблинган, о-в Бали.

Figs 22–31. Median lobe of aedeagus with adnate right paramere: 22–23 — Galerita orientalis from Assam, India; 24–25 — G. j. japonica from Japan; 26–27 — G. j.peregrina from Vu Quang NP; 28–29 — G. batesi from Karenni State, Myanmar; 30–31 — G. carinifrons from Bonthain, Celebes/ Sulawesi; 22, 24, 26, 28, 30 — left lateral aspect; 23, 25, 27, 29, 31 — right lateral aspect. Scale bar 1 mm. Рис. 22–31. СреднЯЯ долЯ Эдеагуса с приросшей правой парамерой: 22–23 — Galerita orientalis иЗ Ассама, ИндиЯ; 24–25 — G. j. japonica иЗ Японии; 26–27 — G. j.peregrina from from Vu Quang NP; 28–29 — G. batesi иЗ штата Карен, МьЯнма; 30–31 — G. carinifrons иЗ Бантаенг, Сулавеси; 22, 24, 26, 28, 30 — слева; 23, 25, 27, 29, 31 — справа. Масштаб 1 мм.

Figs 32–43. Median lobe of aedeagus with adnate right paramere: 32–33 — Galerita variabilis sp.n., holotype; 34–35 — G. dimorpha sp.n., holotype; 36–37 — G. rufofemorata sp.n., holotype; 38–39 — G. konplongensis sp.n., paratype; 40–41 — G. linearis sp.n., paratype; 42–43 — G. sublineata sp.n., holotype; 32, 34, 36, 38, 40, 42 — left lateral aspect; 33, 35, 37, 39, 41, 43 — right lateral aspect. Scale bars 1 mm. Рис. 32–43. СреднЯЯ долЯ Эдеагуса с приросшей правой парамерой: 32–33 — Galerita variabilis sp.n., голотип; 34–35 — G. dimorpha sp.n., голотип; 36–37 — G. rufofemorata sp.n., голотип; 38–39 — G. konplongensis sp.n., паратип; 40–41 — G. linearis sp.n., паратип; 42–43 — G. sublineata sp.n., holotype; 32, 34, 36, 38, 40, 42 — слева; 33, 35, 37, 39, 41, 43 — справа. Масштаб 1 мм.

Figs 44–65. Left paramere, left lateral view: 44–45 — Galerita orientalis; 46 — G. j. japonica; 47 — G. j.peregrina; 48–49 — G. batesi from Karenni State, Myanmar (48), or Vietnam (49); 50–51 — G. ruficeps; 52 — G. variabilis sp.n.; 53 — G. dimorpha sp.n.; 54 — G. rufofemorata sp.n.; 55 — G. quadraticollis sp.n.; 56 — G. q. subcordata ssp.n.; 57–58 — G. konplongensis sp.n., holotype (57) and paratype (58); 59 — G. truncata sp.n.; 60 — G. tonkinensis; 61 — G. linearis sp.n.; 62 — G. breviceps sp.n.; 63 — G. sublineata sp.n.; 64 — G. hrdlickai; 65 — G. carinifrons. Scale bar 1 mm. Рис. 44–65. ЛеваЯ парамера слева: 44–45 — Galerita orientalis; 46 — G. j. japonica; 47 — G. j.peregrina; 48–49 — G. batesi иЗ штата Карен, МьЯнма (48), и Вьетнама (49); 50–51 — G. ruficeps; 52 — G. variabilis sp.n.; 53 — G. dimorpha sp.n.; 54 — G. rufofemorata sp.n.; 55 — G. quadraticollis sp.n.; 56 — G. q. subcordata ssp.n.; 57–58 — G. konplongensis sp.n., голотип (57) и паратип (58); 59 — G. truncata sp.n.; 60 — G. tonkinensis; 61 — G. linearis sp.n.; 62 — G. breviceps sp.n.; 63 — G. sublineata sp.n.; 64 — G. hrdlickai; 65 — G. carinifrons. Масштаб 1 мм.

Figs 66–71. Аedeagus with everted and inflated internal sac: 66–68 — Galerita japonica peregrina from Vu Quang NP; 69–71 — G. carinifrons from Bonthain, Celebes/ Sulawesi; 66, 69 — dorsal aspect; 67, 70 — left lateral aspect; 68, 71 — ventral aspect. Scale bars 1 mm. Рис. 66–71. Эдеагус с вывернутым и надутым внутренним мешком: 66–68 — Galerita japonica peregrina иЗ нац. парка Вукуанг; 69–71 — G. carinifrons иЗ Бантаенг, Сулавеси; 66, 69 — сверху; 67, 70 — слева; 68, 71 — сниЗу. Масштаб 1 мм.

Figs 72–77. Аedeagus with everted and inflated internal sac: 72–74 — Galerita batesi from Dong Hoi; 75–77 — G. ruficeps from Nepal; 72, 75 — dorsal aspect; 73, 76 — left lateral aspect; 74, 77 — ventral aspect. Scale bars 1 mm. Рис. 72–77. Эдеагус с вывернутым и надутым внутренним мешком: 72–74 — Galerita batesi иЗ Донгхой; 75–77 — G. ruficeps иЗ Непала; 66, 69 — сверху; 73, 76 — слева; 74, 77 — сниЗу. Масштаб 1 мм.

Figs 78–83. Аedeagus with everted and inflated internal sac: 78–80 — Galerita variabilis sp.n.; 81–83 — G. dimorpha sp.n.; 78, 80 — dorsal aspect; 79, 82 — left lateral aspect; 80, 83 — ventral aspect; bbl — left basal bulb; bbr — right basal bulb; sclerites: sda — dorso-apical, sdm — dorsomedial, sll — left lateral, svb — ventrobasal. Scale bars 1 mm. Рис. 78–83. Эдеагус с вывернутым и надутым внутренним мешком: 78–80 — Galerita variabilis sp.n.; 81–83 — G. dimorpha sp.n.; 78, 80 — сверху; 79, 82 — слева; 80, 83 — сниЗу; bbl — левый баЗальный пуЗырь; bbr — правый баЗальный пуЗырь; склериты: sda — дорЗо-апикальный, sdm — дорЗомедиальные, sll — левые боковые, svb — вентробаЗальный. Масштаб 1 мм.

Figs 90–95. Аedeagus with everted and inflated internal sac: 90–92 — Galerita quadraticollis sp.n., holotype; 93–95 — G. hrdlickai; 90, 93 — dorsal aspect; 91, 94 — left lateral aspect; 92, 95 — ventral aspect. Scale bar 1 mm. Рис. 90–95. Эдеагус с вывернутым и надутым внутренним мешком: 90–92 — Galerita quadraticollis sp.n., голотип; 93–95 — G. hrdlickai; 90, 93 — сверху; 91, 94 — слева; 92, 95 — сниЗу. Масштаб 1 мм.