Exogone (Exogone) africana Hartmann-Schröder, 1974

Guillermo San Martin, 2005, Exogoninae (Polychaeta: Syllidae) from Australia With the Description of a New Genus and Twenty-two New Species, Records of the Australian Museum 57, pp. 39-152 : 143-145

Exogone (Exogone) africana Hartmann-Schröder, 1974

Figs. 90A–I, 91A–E

Exogone verugera africana Hartmann-Schröder, 1974a: 137 , figs. 164–168; 1979: 108, figs. 164–168 (in part); 1980a: 57; 1981: 39; 1982: 74; 1983: 136; 1984: 25; 1985: 73; 1986: 46; 1989: 32; 1990: 56; 1991: 42.

Exogone verugera Not Claparède, 1868 . Haswell, 1920a: 219, pl. 17.

Material examined. AUSTRALIA: QUEENSLAND. 1 specimen, AM W26529, 600 m south of Research Point, Lizard Island, 14°40'S 145°28'E, coarse to medium sediment, 4.5 m, A.R. Jones & C. Short, 10 Oct 1978. 4 specimens,AM W26662, Triangular Island, Shoalwater Bay, 22°23'S 150°31'E, J.A. Lewis & J.R. Forsyth, 1981. NEW SOUTH WALES. 1 specimen, AM W15813, transect on south bank, Lake Merimbula, 36°53.7'S 149°54.5'E, 12.5cm above LWS on short Zostera & Halophila ; J.H. Day & party, 6 Oct 1975. 1 specimen, AM W21616, east of Ramsgate Baths, Botany Bay, 33°59.16'S 151°09.96'E, 5 m, Australian Museum party, 28 July 1992. 1 specimen, AM W21617, east of Ramsgate Baths, Botany Bay, 33°59.16'S 151°09.96'E, 5 m, Australian Museum party, 7 Apr 1992. 23 specimens, AM W21618, southwest of airport runway extension, Botany Bay, 33°58.33'S 151°10.22'E, 7 m, Australian Museum party, 28 July 1992. 23 specimens, AM W22992, Bass Point, 34°36'S 150°54'E, 50 m, The Ecology Lab, for Ready Mixed Industries, 1 Feb 1990. 2 specimens, AM W23538, Weeney Bay, Botany Bay, 34°01.3'S 151°09.7'E, mud, 1 m, A. Roach & A. Jones, 30 Mar 1995. 1 specimen, AM W23539, Weeney Bay, Botany Bay, 34°01.3'S 151°09.7'E, mud, 1 m, A. Roach & A. Jones, 30 Mar 1995. 1 specimen, AM W23905, Port Hacking, 34°04.23'S 151°06.38'E, sand, 18.6 m, Australian Museum Party, 27 Oct 1994. 1 specimen, AM W23907, Port Hacking, 34°04.40'S 151°06.40'E, sand, 13.2 m, Australian Museum Party, 16 Dec 1994. 1 specimen, AM W23908, Port Hacking, 34°04.04'S 151°04.04'E, sand, 15.8 m, Australian Museum Party, 1 May 1995. 1 specimen, AM W23909, Port Hacking, 34°04.00'S 151°06.35'E, sand, 15.7 m, Australian Museum Party, 10 Aug 1995. 4 specimens, AM W23910, Port Hacking, 34°04.00'S 151°06.38'E, sand, 16.9 m,Australian Museum Party, 10 Aug 1995. 7 specimens, AM W23911, Port Hacking, 34°04.13'S 151°06.37'E, sand, 14.6 m, Australian Museum Party, 12 Oct 1995. 2 specimens, AM W23921, Port Hacking, 34°04.08'S 151°06.27'E, sand, 18.7 m, Australian Museum Party, 27 Oct 1994. 1 specimen, AM W24368, east of Long Reef, 33°44.72'S 151°22.72'E, sand, 60 m, Fisheries Research Institute (NSW), 29 Apr 1991. 1 specimen, AM W24370, east of Long Reef, 33°44.72'S 151°22.72'E, sand, 60 m, Fisheries Research Institute (NSW), 29 Apr 1990. 3 specimens, AM W26422, 100 m northwest of Split Solitary Island, 30°14.0'S 153°10.8'E, mixed red algae, 15 m, S.J. Keable, 7 Mar 2000. 2 specimens, AM W26434, Manta Reef, North West Solitary Island, 30°01.5'S 153°16.5'E, lace bryozoan, 19 m, R.T. Springthorpe, 25 Jun 1992. 2 specimens, AM W26476, just south of Botany Bay, Sydney, 34°03.20'S 151°14.60'E, 79.1 m, Fisheries Research Institute (NSW), 21 Jun 1996. 3 specimens, AM W26477, east of Malabar, Sydney, 33°58.68'S 151°17.85'E, 80.5 m, Fisheries Research Institute (NSW), 19 Dec 1995. 1 specimen, AM W26478, east of Malabar, Sydney, 33°58.60'S 151°18.00'E, 81.7 m, Fisheries Research Institute (NSW), 19 Dec 1995. 2 specimens, AM W26523, 100 m north west of Julian Rocks, Byron Bay, 28°36.8'S 153°37.8'E, shell and gravel, 15 m, E.L. Albertson et al., 3 Mar 1992. 1 specimen, AM W26526, north of Honeysuckle Point, Twofold Bay, 37°5'S 149°56'E, benthic sample, 31.1 m, S. Keable, P. Albertson, 21 Feb 1985. 1 specimen, AM W26528, 100 m north west of Split Solitary Island, 30°14.0'S 153°10.8'E, gravel under rocks, 15 m, R. Gentle, Underwater Research Group, 7 Mar 1992. 1 specimen, AM W26616, Towlers Bay, Pittwater, 33°38'S 151°18'E, fine mud, 12 m, C. Rose, Dec 1992. 2 specimens, AM W26637, Bottle and Glass Rocks, Port Jackson, 33°50.9'S 151°16.2'E, airlift, 12 m, G. Clark, 11 Dec 1989. 1 specimen, AM W26639, Barrenjoey Head, Broken Bay, 33°35'S 151°20'E, algae on rocky substrate, 5 m, J.K. Lowry et al., 22 Apr 1983. 1 specimen, AM W26651, Grotto Point, Port Jackson, 33°49'S 151°15'E, algae, 4 m, P. Colman, 18 July 1983. 3 specimens, AM W26663, off Bonna Point, Botany Bay, 34°0.5'S 151°11.0'E, NSW State Fisheries, 22 Jan 1975. 1 specimen, AM W195289, off Lilli Pilli Point, Port Hacking, 34°04.5'S 151°06.6'E, artificial reef, corer, NSW State Fisheries, 11 Oct 1974. 2 specimens, AM W26524, west side of Bowen Island, half way along, ACT, 35°06.91'S 150°45.91'E, grey sponge with orange flesh, large oscular chamber, 8 m, P.Serov & G.D. F. Wilson on “Sula”, 7 Dec 1993. 1 specimen, AM W26527, southwest Bowen Island, ACT, 35°07.49'S 150°45.77'E, small white/pink sponge with irregular lobes in seagrass field, 7 m, P.Serov & G.D.Wilson, 8 Dec 1993. VICTORIA. 1 specimen, AM W16233, Port Phillip Bay, 38°04.7'S 144°42.9'E, silt-sand, 15 m, Marine Pollution Studies Group, 10 Feb 1970. SOUTH AUSTRALIA. 2 specimens, AM W26763, Point Warna, Eyre Peninsula, 34°32'S 135°56'E, Caulerpa washings on sheltered wharf pile, 2 m, I. Loch, 11 Feb 1985. 1 specimen, AM W26764, Rapid Bay, Gulf St Vincent, 35°31'S 138°11'E, fauna attached to jetty piles, P.A. Hutchings, 07 Mar 1979. 31 specimens, AM W26765, Torrens Island, Adelaide, 34°47'S 138°32'E, sievings from mudflats in front of mangroves, P.A. Hutchings, 07 Mar 1979. 1 specimen, AM W26766, Porter Bay, Port Lincoln, 34°44'S 135°53'E, Zostera sievings, P.A. Hutchings, 10 Mar 1979. 1 specimen, AM W26767, Pondalowie and Marion Bays, Yorke Peninsula, 35°14'S 136°50'E, Caulerpa and green algae washings, 3 m, I. Loch, 22 Feb 1985. 1 specimen, AM W26768, Cape du Couedic, Kangaroo Island, 36°03'S 136°41'E, algal holdfasts on exposed reef, Hutchings & Butler, Mar 1979. 3 specimens, AM W26769, Elliston Reef, 33°39'S 134°53'E, algae from reef flat at low tide, P.A. Hutchings, 11 Mar 1979. 3 specimens, AM W26770, Elliston Reef, 33°39'S 134°53'E, algal washings, P.A. Hutchings, 11 Mar 1979. 1 specimen, AM W26771, Victor Harbour, 35°33'S 138°38'E, algal washings, P.A. Hutchings, 16 Mar 1979. WESTERN AUSTRALIA. 1 specimen, AM W4342, Cottesloe Beach, 9.5 km west of Perth, 31°59'S 115°45'E, in calcareous algae and Idanthyrsus worm tubes, 0.5 m, H. Paxton, 14 Feb 1970. 1 specimen, AM W26409, Fenelon Island, Kimberleys, 14°8'S 125°41'E, limestone, P.A. Hutchings, 17 July 1988. 1 specimen, AM W26807, Bush Bay, 30 km south of Carnarvon, 25°10'S 113°39'E, sand from sandflats in vicinity of seagrass beds, 0.5 m, H.E. Stoddart, 6 Jan 1984. 1 specimen, AM W26808, Wallabi Group, 28°24.00'S 113°46.16'E, shell debris in scallop beds, 35 m, P.A. Hutchings on FRV “Flinders”, 30 May 1994. 1 specimen on SEM stub, AM W26818, Ningaloo Reef, Ned’s Camp, Cape Range National Park, 21°59'S 113°54.5'E, brown algae in channel, 6 m, R.T. Springthorpe, 31 Dec 1983. 1 specimen, AM W26822, Bush Bay, 30 km south of Carnarvon, 25°10'S 113°39'E, sponges with epiphytic algae from shallow sandflats, 0.5 m, H.E. Stoddart, 6 Jan 1984. 1 specimen, AM W26828, inshore reef off Ned’s Camp, Cape Range National Park, 21°59'S 113°55'E, coral rubble covered with algae, 1.5 m, J.K. Lowry, 2 Jan 1984. 2 specimens, AM W26976, East Montlivet Island, Bonaparte Archipelago, 15°06'S 125°18'E, 6 m, P.A. Hutchings, 15 July 1988. 2 specimens, AM W26977, Southwest corner of Lucas Island, Brunswick Bay, 15°13'S 124°31'E, 2 m, P.A. Hutchings, 24 July 1988. 1 specimen, AM W26978, Goss Passage, Beacon Island, 28°25.5'S 113°47.0'E, dead Acropora plates covered in coralline algae, sponges, 24 m, P.A. Hutchings, 21 May 1994. 3 specimens, AM W26979, Southeast end of Long Island, 28°28.8'S 113°46.5'E, dead coral substrate, embedded in calcareous substrate, 30 m, P.A. Hutchings, 22 May 1994. 3 specimens, AM W26980, Goss Passage, Beacon Island, 28°25.5'S 113°47.0'E, dead coral substrate, embedded in fine sediment, 33 m, P.A. Hutchings, 23 May 1994. 6 specimens, AM W26981, north end of Long Island, Goss Passage, 28°28.3'S 113°46.3'E, dead coral covered with coralline algae & boring bivalves, 8 m, C. Bryce, 22 May 1994. 5 specimens, AM W26982, North end of Long Island, 28°27.9'S 113°46.3'E, dead coral substrate covered in coralline & brown algae, 6 m, C. Bryce, 22 May 1994. 3 specimens, AM W26983, Off jetty near Fisheries Hut, Beacon Island, 28°25.5'S 113°47.0'E, dead coral substrate, plate-like coral spp., Acropora , 12 m, P.A. Hutchings, 23 May 1994. 4 specimens, AM W26984, east side of West Wallabi Island, 28°27.9'S 113°40.9'E, in Posidonia australis root mat, plus epifauna, 2 m, P.A. Hutchings, 26 May 1994. 1 specimen,AM W26985, northeast entrance to Goss Passage, Beacon Island, 28°27.9'S 113°46.7'E, underneath isolated boulders embedded in coral sand, 33 m, P.A. Hutchings, 25 May 1994. 1 specimen, AM W26986, off south end of Long Island, Beacon Island, 28°28.8'S 113°46.3'E, dead coral substrate covered in coralline algae, 5 m, P.A. Hutchings, 25 May 1994. 1 specimen, AM W26987, Wallabi Island group, 28°23.61'S 113°43.09'E, scallop beds, sponge & shell debris, 35 m, P.A. Hutchings on FRV “Flinders”, 30 May 1994. 7 specimens, AM W27431, Bush Bay, 30 km south of Carnarvon, 25°10'S 113°39'E, sand from seagrass beds on shallow sandflats, 0.5 m, H.E. Stoddart, 6 Jan 1984. 26 specimens, AM W27445, limestone reef, off Ned’s camp, Cape Range National Park, 21°59'S 113°55'E, sponge with epiphytic algae, and muddy worm tubes, 1.5 m, R.T. Springthorpe, 2 Jan 1984. 29 specimens, AM W27446, Bush Bay, 30 km south of Carnarvon, 25°10'S 113°39'E, tufted balls of algae on shallow sandflats, 0.5 m, H.E. Stoddart, 6 Jan 1984. 7 specimens, AM W27447, inshore reef, Ned’s Camp, Cape Range National Park, 21°59'S 113°55'E, very fine sediment and sand from patches in reef, 1 m, H.E. Stoddart, 2 Jan 1984. 6 specimens, AM W27448, Bush Bay, 30 km south of Carnarvon, 25°10'S 113°39'E, lumps of algae on shallow sandflats, 0.5 m, H.E. Stoddart, 6 Jan 1984. 41 specimens, AM W27449, inshore reef off Ned’s Camp, Cape Range National Park, 21°59'S 113°59'E, frilly Caulerpa , 1 m, J.K. Lowry, 2 Jan 1984. 1 specimen, AM W27450, Red Bluff, Kalbarri, 27°42'S 114°09'E, mixed brown algae from rocky shore, 4 m, R.T. Springthorpe, 10 Jan 1984. 9 specimens, AM W27453, Red Bluff, Kalbarri, 27°42'S 114°09'E, mixed coralline algae from rocky shore, 4 m, J.K. Lowry, 10 Jan 1984. 1 specimen, AM W27457, reef west of groyne, 2 km south of Cape Peron, 32°16'S 115°41'E, orange sponge in deep channel of limestone reef, 4.5 m, R.T. Springthorpe, 26 Dec 1983. 2 specimens, AM W27464, outer Ningaloo Reef, off Ned’s Camp, Cape Range National Park, 21°59.5'S 113°54.5'E, airlift from living Porites , 2 m, R.T. Springthorpe & J.K. Lowry, 1 Jan 1984. 33 specimens,AM W27465, north end of beach, Bundegi Reef, Exmouth Gulf, 21°49'S 114°11'E, rocky rubble, coralline algae with green epiphyte, 2 m, H.E. Stoddart, 4 Jan 1984. 31 specimens, AM W27466, inshore reef off Ned’s Camp, Cape Range National Park, 21°59'S 113°55'E, green algae, 1.5 m, R.T. Springthorpe, 2 Jan 1984. 86 specimens, AM W27468, north end of beach, Bundegi Reef, Exmouth Gulf, 21°49'S 114°11'E, rocky rubble, brown algae with epiphytes, sediment, 2 m, H.E. Stoddart, 4 Jan 1984. 1 specimen, AM W27680, The Blow Holes, Point Quobba, 24°39'S 113°25'E, short green algae from rock platform edge, 0.5 m, J.K. Lowry et al., 7 Jan 1984. 1 specimen, AM W8474, Hawaii, USA, sponge, James Lloyd, 1 Sep 1972.

Description. Body long, slender, relatively broad, 4–5 mm long, 0.25–0.3 mm wide, 33–41 segments. Prostomium oval; 4 eyes in trapezoidal arrangement (Fig. 90A). Antennae short, oval, short, inserted close to each other, similar in size but median antenna slightly longer and thicker than lateral antennae (Figs. 90A, 91A,C). Palps broad, slightly longer than prostomium, fused along their length, with a dorsal furrow. Peristomium slightly shorter than following segments; tentacular cirri small, papilliform. Dorsal cirri similar to lateral antennae or slightly longer, present on all segments (Figs. 90A, 91A,C). Anterior parapodia each with 1–2 compound chaetae with spiniger-like blade, distally bifid, with short marginal spines (Fig. 90B), about 32 µm long, also 4–5 compound chaetae with falcigerous blades, bidentate, subdistal tooth long and distal tooth short, moderate marginal spines (Figs. 90C, 91E), about 8 µm long. Posteriorly diminishing number of compound chaetae to 1 spiniger-like and 2–3 falcigers; shafts and blades of posterior compound chaetae less spinulated (Fig. 90E,F); blades of spiniger-like chaetae about 30 µm and those of falcigers about 5–6 µm long. Dorsal simple chaetae from anterior segments, with rounded tips and finely spinulose subterminally (Figs. 90D, 91D), thicker posteriorly (Fig. 90G). Ventral simple chaetae on posterior parapodia, sigmoid, thick, smooth on margin, with some short spines on base of teeth, bidentate, subdistal tooth longer and thicker than distal tooth (Figs. 90I, 91D). Acicula solitary, slender, distally rounded (Fig. 90H). Pharynx long, through 4–5 segments; pharyngeal tooth located on anterior rim (Fig. 90A). Proventricle through 4 segments, with 16–21 muscle cell rows. Pygidium with 2 long anal cirri.

Remarks. This species is similar to the European species Exogone verugera (Claparède, 1868) , but that species lacks dorsal cirri on chaetiger 2 (San Martín, 1984a, 2003).

Distribution. Angola, Namibia, Hawaii, Japan. Australia (all states).

Habitat. Present on all intertidal and shallow substrates.

Key to species of Exogone (Sylline) recorded from Australia

1 Chaetae without blades ............................................................................................ E. (S.) simplex

—— Chaetae with blades fused to shafts ............................................................................................... 2

2 On midbody, chaetae with blades long, filiform, and others with short blades ........................................................................................................ E. (S.) naidinoides

—— Blades all long, filiform .......................................................................................... E. (S.) fustifera