Episyron fulvimaculatus Song & Li

Song, Zhiyan, Dong, Lili, Ma, Li & Li, Qiang, 2025, Review and key of the Chinese species of the genus Episyron Schiødte (Hymenoptera, Pompilidae), including descriptions of two new species, Deutsche Entomologische Zeitschrift 72 (2), pp. 133-154 : 133-154

publication ID	https://doi.org/10.3897/dez.72.138061
publication LSID	lsid:zoobank.org:pub:8FEDD5CA-3502-413E-BA3D-0FF429B04860
DOI	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.16783248
persistent identifier	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/F85CC0EA-B806-5244-91C8-4C9D4CE2E0D5
treatment provided by	Deutsche Entomologische Zeitschrift by Pensoft
scientific name	Episyron fulvimaculatus Song & Li
status	sp. nov.

Treatment

Episyron fulvimaculatus Song & Li sp. nov.

Figs 1 A – F View Figure 1 , 2 A – G View Figure 2

Material examined.

Holotype: CHINA • ♀; Yunnan, Jinghong City , Menghai County; 21°49'N, 100°28'E; 24. III – 22. IV. 2021; coll. Malaise trap ( YNAU) GoogleMaps . Paratypes: CHINA • 2 ♀♀ 2 ♂♂; same data as for holotype, 27. IV – 16. V. 2018 (1 ♂), 24. III – 22. IV. 2019 (1 ♀), 17. V – 17. VI. 2019 (1 ♂), 13. I – 15. II. 2021 (1 ♀); coll. Malaise trap ( YNAU) GoogleMaps ; CHINA • 4 ♀♀ 2 ♂♂; Yunnan, Jinghong City, Menghai County, Bulang Mountain ; 21°45'N, 100°26'E; 17. V – 21. VI. 2018 (2 ♀♀), 29. IV – 28. V. 2019 (2 ♀♀), 17. V 20. VI. 2018 (1 ♂), 28. V 28. VI. 2019 (1 ♂); coll. Malaise trap ( YNAU) GoogleMaps ; CHINA • 1 ♀; Yunnan, Dehong State, Lianghe County, Zhedao Town, Longhe Village ; 24°45'N, 98°13'E; 5. V. 2013; coll. Ying Tian; yellow plate ( YNAU) GoogleMaps ; CHINA • 3 ♀♀; Yunnan, Wenshan State, Maguan County, Mabai Town ; 23°02'N, 104°41'E; 16. VII. 2017; coll. Malaise trap ( YNAU) GoogleMaps ; CHINA • 3 ♀♀; Yunnan, Baoshan, Tengchong, Jietou Town ; 25°43'N, 98°65'E; 15. VII. 2006; coll. Rui Zhang; sweep net ( YNAU) ; CHINA • 1 ♀; Yunnan, Yuxi, Chengjiang Yueliangwan Wetland Park ; 24°62'N, 102°94'E; 2. IX. 2023; coll. Zhizhi Liu; sweep net ( YNAU) .

Description.

Female. Length: body 9.2–13.5 mm; fore wing 8.1–11.8 mm.

Colour. Body black, following markings fulvous: mandible at apical 1 / 2, maxillary palpus, antennae 1–4, sometimes 5, antennal socket, broad band on inner and outer orbits, collar, posterior margin of pronotum, square mark near hind margin of mesonotum, small spot on hind margin of scutellum and on tegulae (Fig. 1 A – D View Figure 1 ). Mesosoma in large part fulvous, basal T 2 –3 with wide yellow or fulvous band, T 4–6 almost entirely fulvous; basal S 1 –4 more or less black, S 4–6 almost entirely fulvous (Fig. 1 A View Figure 1 ). All coxae, trochanters and femora at basal 3 / 4 black, fore, mid and hind tarsomeres 5 dark brown, remainder fulvous (Fig. 1 A View Figure 1 ). Wings hyaline, slightly brownish, fore and hind wings infuscate with light brown apical band, pterostigma entirely brown (Fig. 1 E View Figure 1 ).

Pubescence. Mandible, clypeus, frons, vertex, gena, pronotum, propleuron, mesopleuron, propodeum and T 1 with dense golden pubescence, apical metasoma with sparse black setae; pronotum, scutellum, metanotum, metapleura, metapostnotum, propodeum, dorsal surface of hind coxa and T 1 with yellowish-brown squamiform pubescence, mixed metallic reflection (Fig. 1 A – D View Figure 1 ).

Head. In frontal view, head width 1.12–1.13 times its height. Mandible stout with two small subapical teeth, inner tooth smaller than outer tooth. Clypeus slightly convex medially, anterior margin rounded, its width 2.14–2.33 times length (Fig. 1 B View Figure 1 ). Malar space short. Area between antennal sockets convex. Frons flat, with short and inconspicuous median line (Fig. 1 B View Figure 1 ). Inner orbits nearly parallel below and slightly convergent above; MID width nearly 2.55–3.04 times eyes; LID: MID: UID = 73: 73: 51 (Fig. 1 B View Figure 1 ). In dorsal view, ocelli approximately in triangle, ocellar area slightly raised; POD: OOD = 0.81–0.89 (Fig. 1 C View Figure 1 ). Head with developed occipital angles, occipital carina conspicuous (Fig. 1 C View Figure 1 ). In lateral view, gena 0.61–0.66 times eye width. Flagellum filiform, F 1 slender, length 5.63–6.02 times its maximum width, and 2.32–2.51 times scape; SL: PL: F 1: F 2: F 3: F 4: F 5 = 25: 12: 60: 42: 31: 25: 18.

Mesosoma. Pronotum length in dorsal view 0.33–0.36 times its maximum width, slightly converging toward base, posterior margin arcuate and slightly angulate medially. Mesoscutum with evident parapsidal line, from apical to 3 / 4 metanotum. Mesoscutellum and metanotum conspicuously convex medially. Metapostnotum narrow medially, and posterior margin arcuately expanded, and its length nearly 0.27–0.33 times metanotum (Fig. 1 D View Figure 1 ). Propodeum slightly convex in profile, with uniform arcuate transition, length 0.68–0.71 of its maximum width (Fig. 1 D View Figure 1 ).

Wings. Marginal cell of fore wing nearly as long as its length from wing tip (Fig. 1 E View Figure 1 ). Pterostigma slender, rounded posteriorly. Fore wing with three submarginal cells, SMC 3 apparently greater than SMC 2 (Fig. 1 E View Figure 1 ). SMC 2 receiving crossvein 1 m-cu at basal 0.53–0.56, SMC 3 receiving crossvein 2 m-cu at basal 0.61–0.68 (Fig. 1 E View Figure 1 ). Hind wing crossvein cu-a arc-like, M + CuA vein fork before intersection of cu-a and M + CuA (Fig. 1 E View Figure 1 ).

Legs. Fore tarsus with cylindrical tapering spines, tarsomere 1 outside with three outer spines, tarsomere 2, 3 with two outer spines, tarsomere 4 with one outer spine, tarsomere 5 without spine; two spines on ventral surface of tarsomere 1; apical spine of tarsomere 1 slightly exceeding apex of tarsomere 2; tarsomere 2 apical spine extended beyond apex of tarsomere 3, a row of small spines on ventral surface of tarsomeres 1–4 (Fig. 1 F View Figure 1 ). Long spur of hind tibia nearly 0.75–0.84 times metatarsus. Tarsal claws symmetrical and bifid, inner tooth broad and obliquely truncated (Fig. 1 F View Figure 1 ).

Metasoma. Metasoma without petiole, apex of T 6 slightly compressed.

Male. Body length 7.3–9.5 mm, fore wing 7.6–8.3 mm. Similar to female except: mandible red-brown at apical 1 / 2, tegulae red-brown (Fig. 2 B View Figure 2 ). Following markings fulvous: inner and outer orbits, antennae 3–8 segments ventrally, posterior margin of pronotum, square mark near hind margin of mesoscutum; basal T 2 –3 band; T 7 almost entirely yellow brown or fulvous (Fig. 2 A – D View Figure 2 ). Femora apically and tibiae reddish brown, tarsus brownish black (Fig. 2 A View Figure 2 ). Squamiform pubescence usually brown, mixed with pink and metallic sheen (Fig. 2 D View Figure 2 ). Head width 1.15–1.17 times its height (Fig. 2 B View Figure 2 ). Mandible with one small subapical tooth. Clypeus width 1.92–2.02 times length; MID width nearly 2.48–2.51 times eyes; LID: MID: UID = 46: 56: 48 (Fig. 2 B View Figure 2 ); POD: OOD = 0.73–0.86. Gena 0.53–0.62 times eye width. F 1 nearly 1.42–1.64 times as long as width, SL: PL: F 1: F 2: F 3: F 4: F 5 = 15: 5: 17: 23: 21: 19: 18. Pronotum length 0.31–0.37 times its maximum width, metapostnotum length nearly 0.23–0.27 times metanotum; propodeum length 0.50–0.58 times its maximum width (Fig. 2 D View Figure 2 ). SMC 2 receiving crossvein 1 m-cu at basal 0.53–0.57, SMC 3 receiving crossvein 2 m-cu at basal 0.64–0.66. Fore tarsus without comb spines, long spur of hind tibia nearly 0.84–0.87 times metatarsus. Metasoma lanceolate, slightly narrower than mesosoma. Genitalia: paramere narrow and long, with bristles apically; apical 2 / 3 of volsella broad, ventral surface with a few bristles; SGP in ventral view narrowing toward apex, ventral surface with dense, short setae apically.

Distribution.

China: Yunnan (Xishuangbanna State, Dehong State, Baoshan City).

Etymology.

The specific epithet fulvimaculatus originates from the Latin words “ fulv - ” and “ maculatus ”, referring to the many fulvous spots or bands throughout the body.

Remarks.

The new species is similar to Episyron vagabundus hopponis ( Matsumura, 1912) , but can be separated from it by the following characteristics:

Female of E. fulvimaculatus : F 1 slender, length 5.63–6.02 times its maximum width; POD <OOD; pterostigma rounded posteriorly (Fig. 1 E View Figure 1 ); comb spine of fore tarsomere 1 comparatively long (Fig. 1 F View Figure 1 ). In male, basolateral marks of T 2 - T 3 and mark on T 7 yellow brown or fulvous (Fig. 2 A View Figure 2 ); F 1 length 1.42–1.64 times its maximum width.

In Episyron vagabundus hopponis ( Matsumura, 1912) (female): F 1 length 6.78–7.62 times its maximum width; POD> OOD; pterostigma elongated, posterior margin parallel to anterior (Fig. 13 E View Figure 13 ); comb spine of fore tarsomere 1 comparatively shorter (Fig. 13 F View Figure 13 ). In male, basolateral marks of T 3 (usually concealed) and mark on T 7 yellow (Fig. 14 A View Figure 14 ); F 1 length 2.11–2.32 times its maximum width.