Dermoloma atrocinereum (Pers.) P. D. Orton

Adamčíková, Katarína, Kiran, Munazza, Caboň, Miroslav, Matheny, Brandon P., Sánchez-García, Marisol, Arnolds, Eef, Caboňová, Michaela, Corriol, Gilles, Dima, Bálint, Friebes, Gernot, Griffith, Gareth W., Grootmyers, Django, Harries, David, Karich, Alexander, Mešić, Armin, Mihaljevič, Martin, Moreau, Pierre-Arthur, Pošta, Ana, Shapkin, Vasilii, Tkalčec, Zdenko, Vizzini, Alfredo, Vondrovicová, Lenka, Adamčík, Slavomir & Jančovičová, Soňa, 2025, A phylogenetic and morphological study of the genus Dermoloma (Agaricales, Tricholomataceae) in Europe and North America exposes inefficiency of opportunistic species descriptions, IMA Fungus 16, pp. e 157337-e 157337 : e157337-

Dermoloma atrocinereum (Pers.) P. D. Orton , Trans. Br. mycol. Soc. 43 (2): 175. 1960.

Figs 10 f, g , 14

Dermoloma longibasidiatum Contu, Consiglio & Setti , Micol. Veg. Medit. 22 (2): 110. 2008; Dermoloma pragense f. obscurum Consiglio & Contu , in Contu, Consiglio & Setti, Micol. Veg. Medit. 22 (2): 99. 2008. Syn.

Neotype.

(designated by Contu et al. 2008): Italy • Province of L’Aquila, Abruzzo, Villeta Barrea , under Quercus cerris and Fagus sylvatica on basic soil, 19 Sep 2003, C. Baratti ( AQUI) .

Distinguishing characters.

European species; basidiomata large, tricholomatoid; stipes usually wider than 6 mm; spores inamyloid, on average 5.2–6.2 × 3.9–4.5 μm; basidia relatively long (27–33 μm).

Pileus (15 –) 20–45 (– 50) mm; convex or broadly conical, sometimes indistinctly umbonate, when mature expanding to plane and sometimes with reflexed margin, often lobate; margin not striate; surface rugulose, radially veined and wrinkled, often pitted, towards margin usually smooth whitish pruinose, not hygrophanous; color near margin dark brown (6 F 4, 6 F 5, 6 F 6, 6 F 8, 7 F 4, 8 F 4), with age usually becoming brown (6 E 3,6E 4,7E 3), grayish brown (6 D 2, 6 D 3) to brownish gray (5 C 3, 6 C 3), near center usually darker, dark brown (6 F 3, 6 F 4, 6 F 5, 6 F 7, 7 F 3, 7 F 4, 8 F 3, 8 F 4) to black, rarely brown (6 E 5,7E 4). Stipe (20 –) 27–53 (– 63) × (3 –) 4.5–12 (– 15) mm; fusiform or cylindrical, usually narrowed towards the base, flexuous; surface sometimes finely longitudinally striate, near lamellae pruinose or granulose, towards the base finely to distinctly fibrillose or squamulose; color ochraceous-gray (5 B 2, 6 B 2), near lamellae usually paler to almost white, towards the base often with darker brownish gray (5 C 2, 6 C 2), grayish brown (5 D 3, 6 D 3,6E 3), light brown (6 D 5), brown (6 E 5) or dark brown (6 F 4) fibrils or squamules. Lamellae L = (26 –) 33–53, l = (0 –) 1–3 (– 7); 4–10 mm wide; adnexed or adnate-emarginate and decurrent with tooth; color ochraceous-gray (5 B 2, 6 B 2), brownish ochraceous (5 C 3, 6 C 3), brownish gray (6 C 2) paler towards edge, sometimes darker grayish brown (6 D 3,6E 3) to brown (6 E 4) near pileus context; edges entire or slightly irregular. Context when young compact, later fragile; odor farinaceous.

Spores (4.7 –) 5.2–5.7 – 6.2 (– 7.3) × (3.4 –) 3.9–4.2 – 4.5 (– 5) μm; broadly ellipsoid to ellipsoid, Q = (1.20 –) 1.28–1.37 – 1.45 (– 1.59); walls inamyloid, rarely thick-walled and dextrinoid; hilar appendage ca. 1–1.5 μm long. Basidia (24 –) 27.1–29.9 – 32.8 (– 40) × (5.5 –) 6–6.9 – 7.5 (– 8) μm; clavate; with 4 sterigmata. Basidioles first cylindrical, then clavate, ca. 2.5–7 μm wide. Marginal cells (15 –) 17.5–25.7 – 34 (– 51) × (3.5 –) 5–5.7 – 6.5 (– 8) μm; clavate, flexuous, often moniliform, often apically lobate. Pileipellis 79–102 μm deep; suprapellis of one or two, rarely three layers of inflated cells, gradually passing to 30–45 μm deep subpellis of densely packed, irregularly oriented, puzzled, 3.5–12 μm wide hyphae, relatively well delimited from horizontally oriented hyphae in trama; hyphal terminations with brown parietal pigments, thin-walled but in subpellis with thickened up to 1.3 μm walls, and with thick dark brown to black incrusted pigments especially near septa of terminal cells. Terminal cells near pileus margin (17 –) 29.5–41.1 – 52.5 (– 75) × (9 –) 16.5–22.1 – 27.5 (– 44) μm; usually obpyriform or sphaeropedunculate, sometimes ellipsoid, subglobose or clavate; subterminal cells narrower or equally wide, usually unbranched, clavate, ventricose, obpyriform or cylindrical, often with lateral swellings. Terminal cells near pileus center very variable in size, (10 –) 24.6–36.1 – 47.5 (– 67) × (6.5 –) 11.5–18.9 – 26 (– 47) μm; obpyriform, clavate, ellipsoid or subglobose; subterminal cells usually narrower and unbranched, clavate or obpyriform, sometimes equally wide and with lateral swellings, rarely irregularly lobate. Caulocystidia (13 –) 24–37.3 – 50.5 (– 75) × (3 –) 4–6.3 – 8.5 (– 12.5) μm; cylindrical or clavate, usually not or only slightly flexuous, clustered in repent fascicules; usually with slightly thickened walls up to 0.5 μm, often with granulose yellow incrustations. Clamp connections present.

Distribution and ecology.

Widely distributed and rather frequent in Europe; in semi-natural grasslands, deciduous and coniferous forests, on calcareous soil, occurring mainly in temperate regions, more rarely Mediterranean, documented north to a hemi-boreal site in the Oslofjord area of SE Norway.

Additional material studied.

Austria • Steiermark, Sausal, Plesch, Fastlkogel, elev. 383 m, coord. 46°47'07"N, 15°28'52"E, 14 Nov 2020, G. Friebes GF 20200262 ( SAV F-23432 ). Croatia • Mljet island, Mljet National Park, 3 km E / E-SE of Goveđari village, coord. 42°46'52"N, 17°22'41"E, semi-natural grassland with shrubs of Phillyrea sp. , Pistacia sp. , Viburnum tinus , 9 Dec 2018, Z. Tkalčec ( CNF 1/7750 ). France • Aveyron, Le Fel, Le Mas, coord. 44°39'27"N, 02°30'55"E, old grassland, 15 Nov 2016, C. Hannoire CH 16111508 (BBF, as D. cuneifolium ); • Hautes-Pyrénées, Castet de Gerde, coord. 43°03'35"N, 00°09'54"E, Brachypodium rupestre calcicolous fringe, 14 Nov 2012, G. Corriol GC 12111407 (BBF, as D. cuneifolium ); • Hautes-Pyrénées, Sariac-Magnoac, coord. 43°18'43"N, 00°33'14"E, marly grazed pasture (Mesobromion), 23 Nov 2016, G. Corriol GC 16112316 (BBF); ibid., 23 Nov 2016, G. Corriol GC 16112315 (BBF); • Pas-de-Calais, Noeux-les-Auxi, Réserve Naturelle Régionale des Riez du Mont de Boffles, coord. 50°14'47"N, 02°11'55"E, grazed calcareous meadow, 15 Oct 2004, C. Lécuru CL / F 04.168 (LIP, as D. cuneifolium ); • ibid., 6 Nov 2004, R. Courtecuisse RC / F 04.090 (LIP, as D. cuneifolium ); • Pas-de-Calais, Neufchâtel-Hardelot, coord. 50°36'39"N, 01°36'35"E, réserve naturelle du Mont-Saint-Frieux, calcareous grassland, 9 Nov 2014, P. - A. Moreau PAM 14110906 (LIP, as D. cf. cuneifolium ); • ibid., 9 Nov 2014, P. - A. Moreau PAM 14110908 (LIP, as D. cf. cuneifolium ); • Pas-de-Calais, Wavrans-sur-l’Aa, Réserve naturelle nationale des Coteaux de Wavrans, coord. 50°41'16"N, 02°08'23"E, dry calcareous grassland, 9 Nov 2016, D. Huart and P. - A. Moreau PAM 16110902 (LIP, as D. cuneifolium var. punctipes ); • Savoie, Billième, forêt de Lierre, coord. 49°19'57"N, 02°36'08"E, calcareous ground under Buxus with Quercus pubescens , 23 Oct 2000, M. Durand and P. - A. Moreau PAM 00102305 (LIP, as D. atrocinereum ). Germany • Baden-Württemberg, Justingen, Schachenheide, coord. 48°24'35"N, 09°40'25"E, terrestrial in semi-natural grassland, 2 Oct 2021, S. Adamčík ( SAV F-20861 ); • ibid., 2 Oct 2021, S. Adamčík ( SAV F-20866 ); • ibid., 2 Oct 2021, S. Adamčík ( SAV F-20877 ); • ibid., 2 Oct 2021, M. Caboň ( SAV F-20883 ); • ibid., 3 Oct 2021, M. Caboň ( SAV F-20896 ); Kalkbruch, Schöpsatal, coord. 51°13'00"N, 14°56'55"E, 5 Oct 2022, under deciduos trees ( Acer sp. , Populus tremula , Betula pendula ) on limestone, A. Karich and R. Ullrich IHI- 22 Der 04 ( SAV F-23435 ); • Rheinland-Pfalz, Brauweiler, Wingertsberg, elev. 250 m, coord. 49°49'18"N, 07°29'16"E, terrestrial in seimi-natural grassland, 9 Nov 2019, H. Terlutte ( SAV F-20565 ); • Rheinland-Pfalz, Heimberg, elev. 265 m, coord. 49°48'37"N, 07°44'06"E, terrestrial in semi-natural grassland, 10 Nov 2019, S. Adamčík ( SAV F-20551 ); • ibid., 10 Nov 2019, S. Adamčík ( SAV F-20552 ); Rheinland-Pfalz, Sobernheim, elev. 215 m, coord. 49°47'18"N, 07°40'35"E, terrestrial on semi-natural grassland, 9 Nov 2019, F. Hampe ( SAV F-20523 ); • ibid., 9 Nov 2019, S. Adamčík ( SAV F-20528 ). Hungary • Fejér, Magyaralmás, coord. 47°19'27"N, 18°18'42"E, in Pinus nigra plantation on dolomite bedrock, 8 Nov 2020, A. Koszka FP- 2020-11 - 08 - 1 (ELTE). Italy • Marche, Monte Grino, Piobbico (PU), grassy area close to Cedrus atlantica trees, 22 Oct 2006, G. Consiglio and M. Maletti GC 06186 (AMB, holotype of D. pragense f. obscurum ); • Sardinia, Tempio Pausania, in a grassy area, 29 Dec 2003, M. Contu AV 14562003 (TO, as D. fuscobrunneum ); • Susà, Pegrine (TN), among grass, 30 Nov 1993, G. Consiglio, G. Marasca and B. Oss-Emer GC 93318 (AMB, holotype of D. longibasidiatum ). Norway • Akershus, Asker, Elnestangen SW, coord. 59°47'58"N, 10°29'38"E, margin of Tilia forest on calcareous soil, 2 Oct 2015, T. E. Brandrud and B. Dima DB 5880 (ELTE), duplicate TEB 644-15 (O). Slovakia • Kremnické vrchy Mts., pasture 0.5 km W of Tajov, elev. 600 m, coord. 48°44'54"N, 19°03'31"E, terrestrial on pasture, 25 Oct 2020, M. Caboň ( SAV F-20844 ); • Laborecká vrchovina Mts., 1.5 km NNE of Svetlice, elev. 390 m, coord. 49°11'03"N, 22°02'38"E, terrestrial on pasture, 21 Sep 2006, S. Adamčík ( SAV F-4150 ); • ibid., 23 Oct 2007, S. Adamčík ( SAV F-4138 ); • Levočské vrchy Mts., 1.5 km NEE of Bijacovce, elev. 650–700 m, coord. 49°01'49"N, 20°49'12"E, terrestrial under Larix decidua and Picea abies , 25 Sep 2004, S. Adamčík ( SAV F-4148 ). United Kingdom • Wales, Pembrokeshire, Upton Castle, coord. 51°42'22"N, 04°51'57"E, terrestrial in lawn, 26 Oct 2014, D. Harries ( SAV F-4417 ).

Notes.

Dermoloma atrocinereum is a member of D. subgenus Dermoloma , section Dermoloma . It has the largest and sturdiest basidiomata within the subgenus with typically broadly conical and obtusely umbonate pilei features conducive to field identification. Other similar species have shorter basidia. The conical pilei are reminiscent of the field appearance of D. bellerianum , but the spores of this species are narrower (Q> 1.6). Members of section Dermoloma show relatively short genetic distances with low support at higher rank nodes in the tree (Fig. 2 ), which do not allow to specify further relationships for D. atrocinereum . The taxonomic concept of this species was recognized by Sánchez-García et al. (2021) by position of the neotype sequence in the phylogeny. Dermoloma atrocinereum was originally described from a pine forest in Germany. We show that it has a broader ecology, including deciduous forests and grasslands. It is one of the most common species in the genus.

Figures

Figure 2. Phylogram generated by ML analysis based on combined sequence data of ITS, LSU, rpb 1, rpb 2, mcm 7 and tef 1 a showing phylogenetic relationships within genus Dermoloma. ML bootstrap support values greater or equal to 50 % and Bayesian posterior probabilities greater or equal to 0.90 are indicated above or below the nodes. Sequences originating from type collections are labelled in red and bold.

Figure 10. Basidiomata of Dermoloma in field appearance. a Dermoloma angustisporum (SAV F- 20343, holotype), photo S. Jančovičová; b, c Dermoloma appalachianum (TENN-F- 076604), photo D. Grootmyers; d Dermoloma applanatum (SAV F- 4415, holotype), photo D. Harries; e Dermoloma applanatum (SAV F- 4419), photo D. Harries; f Dermoloma atrocinereum [BBF (GC 16112316)], photo G. Corriol; g Dermoloma atrocinereum (SAV F- 20523), photo S. Jančovičová. Scale bar: 10 mm.

Figure 14. Dermoloma atrocinereum (AQUI 19. IX. 2003, holotype), microscopic elements. a Spores; b caulocystidia; c basidia and basidioles; d marginal cells; e pileipellis elements near the pileus margin; f pileipellis elements near the pileus center. Scale bar: 5 µm for spores and 10 µm for other elements.