Cyanallagma demoiselle, Denck & Ehlert & Pinto, 2023

Denck, Emanuella, Ehlert, Juliana & Pinto, Ângelo Parise, 2023, 150 anniversary of Alberto Santos-Dumont’s birth, the father of aviation: the damselfly Cyanallagma demoiselle sp. nov. from the Brazilian Atlantic Forest (Odonata: Coenagrionidae), International Journal of Odonatology 26, pp. 212-223 : 213-220

publication ID	https://doi.org/10.48156/1388.2023.1917244
persistent identifier	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/A9005B45-FFED-FFD0-F114-E90DFE1D9DB4
treatment provided by	Felipe
scientific name	Cyanallagma demoiselle
status	sp. nov.

Treatment

Cyanallagma demoiselle View in CoL sp. nov.

Zoobank: https://zoobank.org/NomenclaturalActs/urn: lsid:zoobank.org:act:E875FF5B-B319-4C7C-9A8E-A3A- 7EC06DFE4

( Figs 1–6 View Figure 1 View Figure 2 View Figure 3 View Figure 4 View Figure 5 View Figure 6 )

Cyanallagma View in CoL sp. nov.: Pinto (2019: 52, 53, 55, biological data).

Material studied

Holotype

Male; BRAZIL. São Paulo State: Cananéia [municipality], Ilha do Cardoso State Park , [collecting point] PEIC 04–06, along ‘ Transcardoso’ , dirt road through the tree-like restinga vegetation, any sort of flooded areas parallel to the road and at some points even on the road (-25.0824, -47.9272; 13 m a.s.l.), 20.X.2011, A.P. Pinto leg. ( DZUP 501302 View Materials ). GoogleMaps

Paratypes

(10 ♂♂, 6 ♀). 2 ♂♂, 2 ♀♀, same data as holotype but ( DZUP 501303–501304 View Materials , 501306–501307 View Materials ) GoogleMaps ; 1 ♂, same data but ( MZSP) GoogleMaps ; 1 ♂, same data but on 19.x.2011 ( DZUP 501305 View Materials ) GoogleMaps ; 1 ♂, 1 ♀, same data but on 21.x.2011 ( MZSP) GoogleMaps ; 2 ♂♂, 1 ♀, Bertioga [municipality], Praia do Guaratuba [-23.7658, -45.9122, 7 m a.s.l., 0] 1.iii.1968, F[rancisca] C[arolina do] Val leg. ( DZUP 501308–501310 View Materials ) GoogleMaps ; 3 ♂♂, 2 ♀♀, same data ( MZSP) GoogleMaps .

Additional material examined

BRAZIL. Minas Gerais State: 1 ♂, Ouro Preto [municipality], 12–13.iv.1968, F[rancisca] C[arolina do] Val leg. ( DZUP 501311 View Materials ) .

Diagnosis

A small greenish blue and black coenagrionid damselfly with a rounded frons ( Figs 2a–b View Figure 2 , 5a View Figure 5 ), typical of South American Ischnurinae. Both sexes of Cyanallagma demoiselle sp. nov. can be distinguished from all other species in this genus by the combination of a large rounded postocular spot ( Figs 2a, c View Figure 2 ), posterior lobe of prothorax trilobate with a large mesially projected plate ( Figs 2b, d View Figure 2 ), truncated posteriorly, occupying 0.5 (female, Fig. 5e View Figure 5 ) to 0.7 (male, Fig. 5b View Figure 5 ) of the total width of the posterior lobe, and an uninterrupted, complete mesepisternal stripe ( Figs 1a, b View Figure 1 ).

Males can be distinguished from all other Cyanallagma spp. by the second segment of the GL having a single mesial projection on the ental transverse fold (inner process not bifid), lateral lobes strongly round- ed laterally, and apical margin concave in ectal view ( Figs 4a, b View Figure 4 ); S10 with a pair of posteriorly projected tubercle-like processes (posterodorsal tubercles; Figs 3a– b View Figure 3 , 4e View Figure 4 ); paraproct short (2.6 times as high as long), quadrate and with a dorsal thorn-like process ( Figs 3a View Figure 3 , 4e View Figure 4 ); cercus quadrate in lateral view; a dorsoapical patch of scalariform-like cuticle, inner surface uncarinated and with a large ventro-apical process in laterodorsal view ( Figs 3a–b View Figure 3 , 4c–f View Figure 4 ). Females differ from all other Cyanallagma spp. by a combination of large yellowish green postocular spots, strongly trilobate posterior lobe of the prothorax with the posterior margin truncated, and a complete mesepisternal pale stripe ( Figs 1b View Figure 1 ; 2c, d View Figure 2 ).

Based on body coloration, GL shape, and caudal appendages with apical ventral margin of cerci projected into a strong ventro-apical process ( Figs 3b View Figure 3 , 4d View Figure 4 , 5c View Figure 5 ; this process is considered ventrobasal for C. nigrinuchale by von Ellenrieder & Garrison, 2008), males of C. demoiselle sp. nov., are similar to C. nigrinuchale and C. trimaculatum , species which it may be misidentified.

Cyanallagma demoiselle sp. nov. shares the rounded postocular spot with C. trimaculatum (vs. bean-shaped in C. nigrinuchale ); the well-defined trilobate posteri- or lobe of the prothorax with mesially projected plate large,> 0.5 of total width of the lobe with C. nigrinuchale (vs. lobes poorly defined and mesially projected plate also large in C. trimaculatum ); posterior margin of the mesially projected plate truncated (vs. slightly concave in C. nigrinuchale to concave in C. trimaculatum ); the complete, uninterrupted mesepisternal stripe is shared with C. trimaculatum (vs. interrupted in C. nigrinuchale ); GL is very similar to C. trimaculatum with a single mesial projection (inner process) on the ental transverse fold, and lateral apical lobes not projected (vs. also with a single inner process on mesial projection, but lateral lobes projected in C. nigrinuchale ); the appearances of cercus and paraproct quadrate in lateral view are shared with C. nigrinuchale (vs. roughly triangular in C. trimaculatum ); cercus with a dorso-apical white patch with a scalariform-like cuticle, and the paraproct with a dorsal thorn--like process are similar to C. nigrinuchale (vs. white patch ventral and subapical, and paraproct longer than cercus and lacking a dorsal thorn-like process in C. trimaculatum ; but see the discussion about correspondences between ventrobasal/ apical processes of cercus). Caudal appendages are also similar to those of C. interruptum from which C. demoiselle sp. nov. can be distinguished based on the posterior lobe of prothorax having three well-defined lobes with the posterior margin truncated, and by the complete pale mesepisternal stripe (poorly defined lobes, posterior margin convex and mesepisternal stripe interrupted). Females of C. demoiselle sp. nov. can be told apart from all congeneric species except C. trimaculatum and some female individuals of C. angelae and C. interruptum , by the complete mesepisternal (antehumeral) stripe (antehumeral stripe interrupted in the remaining species). Cyanallagma demoiselle sp. nov. has the lateral margins of the mesostigmal plates convex as opposed to the linear margins of C. angelae . The posterior margin of the mesially projected plate of the prothorax is truncated, with conical posterolateral edges slightly protruding posteriorly in C. demoiselle sp. nov., while in C. trimaculatum , the posterior margin of the medial lobe is rounded and separated from lateral ones by a marked concavity on each side. Also, in C. demoiselle sp. nov. females, the posterior margin of the medial lobe of the posterior lobe of the pronotum is developed into a plate that caudally projects beyond the lateral lobes and in this manner differs from the posterior margin of C. trimaculatum and C. interruptum in which it is indented mesially and not projected.

Etymology

From French, a noun in apposition, not declinable, in allusion to the aircraf Demoiselle 20 or libellule (dragonfly or damselfly in English) designed by one of the pioneers of aviation, the Brazilian Alberto Santos-Dumont (1873–1932) who created many aircrafs, was one of the greatest individuals at the beginning of aviation, an admirable person, and also considered a pacifist (see Ramalho, 2013; Wier, 2019). His model 14-bis was the very first powered heavier-than-air aircraf to fly in Europe, and he was celebrated for it in Paris, France, as the first man to fly ( Wier, 2019). We dedicate this specific name to one of his most famous and celebrated projects the Demoiselle (“young women”), also a popular name for zygopteran odonates in France, country where he created and made public most of his inventions.

Description of the male (holotype)

Head ( Figs 1a View Figure 1 , 2a View Figure 2 ). Labium ivory-yellow. Mandibles, light blue dorsally, darkening to dark brown ventrally. Labrum light blue, dorsally with a thin black line from clypeolabral suture, extended mesially into a minute spot. Anteclypeus grayish blue, postclypeus black. Frons rounded, antefrons light blue, anterior half of postfrons dark blue and black posteriorly, anterior limit of the black mark crenulated. Remaining parts of epicranium and rear of head black, with a pair of large pale yellow spots laterally on the postocciput. A large light blue postocular spot, covering 0.6 of the ocular lobe. Antennifer light blue, scape black with tip brown, pedicel and flagellum brown.

Thorax ( Figs 1a View Figure 1 , 2b View Figure 2 ). Prothorax black with pale blue spots dorsally, ventrally yellowish brown; a large triangular blue spot on the anterior lobe; median lobe with a pair of blue parallel-sided stripes mesially, covering the posterior 0.8 of the lobe; posterior lobe black, with small yellowish brown spots on the lateral edges ( Fig. 2b View Figure 2 ), posterior margin of pronotum trilobate; mesial projected plate rectangular, as wide as about 0.7 of the lobe’s total width, posterior margin truncated, conical lateral edges protruded (as in Fig. 5b View Figure 5 for a paratype). Synthorax ( Fig. 1a View Figure 1 ) black dorsally, lightening to yellowish brown ventrally, with three pale blue stripes, one each on mesepisternum, mesepimeron-metepisternum, and on metepimeron; mesepisternal stripe continuous over the full length, parallel to the humeral suture, as wide as half the sclerite width, slightly narrowed posteriorly by a concave black marking; meso-metathoracic pale stripe covering 0.5 ventrally, widening dorsally to roughly the entire sclerite width; metepimeron pale throughout, light blue dorsally to yellowish brown ventrally, with small dark dorsal spot on metapleural suture; metapostepimeron ivory-yellow, ventrolateral angle with a black spot. Legs dark, coxa pale, femur and articulations black, tibia and tarsus dark brown, ventral surface of coxa, trochanter and femur ivory-yellow, pretarsal claws with distinct acute supplementary inferior tooth in distal 0.8; anteroventral surface of femora with long thin spurs, 4 (plus 3 spatulate ones) in pro-, 6–7 in meso-, and 9 on the metathoracic femora, all more or less the same size, anteroventral surface of tibia 10–11 (6–7 of tibial comb) in pro-, 6 in meso-, and 7–8 on the metathoracic tibia.

Wings ( Figs 1a, c View Figure 1 ). Membrane hyaline, venation dark brown to black, Pt rhomboidal, black,enclosed by a very thin pale line, adjacent veins dark brown; MP reaching anal margin distally at level of Px 7 in Fw, Px 6 in Hw; CuA reaching anal margin distally at Px 7 in Fw Px 7 in Hw; Px in Fw 12; Hw 9; RP2 originating at proximal Px 5 in Fw, at proximal Px 4 in Hw.

Abdomen ( Figs 1a View Figure 1 , 3a–b View Figure 3 , 4c–f View Figure 4 ): Tergites black dorsally, light brown to ivory yellow lateroventrally, pale blue spots on S1–2 and S8–10. S1 pale spot light to dark blue, large covering up to posterior 0.7; S2 with a single lateral pale spot, formed by connection of a small anterolateral yellow spot and a large triangular posterolateral light blue spot; S8 posterior field dorsally blue; S9–10 with large rounded dorsal blue spots, covering S9 length, including posterior field; S10 with an oval spot ( Fig. 4c View Figure 4 ); S10 posterodorsal margin with a u-shaped clef margined by a pair of tubercle-like processes ( Figs 3b View Figure 3 , 4d View Figure 4 ). Secondary genitalia ( Figs 4a–b View Figure 4 ) typical of Coenagrionoidea with anterior hamule quadrangular; posterior hamule small, black, almost entirely internalized; VS longer than wide; genital ligula with L1 smooth; a sclerotized latero-apical fold on flexure; L2 proximal portion more sclerotized, distal portion rectangular with lateral margin arched inwards, its distal margin concave with rounded latero-apical lobes, broader section three times the width of proximal portion of L2, lacking inner fold. With a transverse fold between latero-medial lobes and inner process on the second transverse fold. Cercus ( Figs 3a–b View Figure 3 , 4c–f View Figure 4 ) dark brown to black, tip yellowish-brown; shorter than S10; in dorsal view outer margin straight, inner margin touching anteriorly, diverging posteriorly and ending in an acute tip ( Figs 3b View Figure 3 , 4c View Figure 4 ); ventral margin projected anteroventrally in a curved spur-shaped process directed anteriorly ( Figs 3b View Figure 3 , 4c View Figure 4 , the ventral-apical process); in dorsolateral view the dorsal margin arcuate with a broad rounded well defined carina at base of the appendage ( Fig. 4d View Figure 4 ), ventral margin slightly concave, strongly curved into a tapering ventral-apical process; in lateral view ( Fig. 4e View Figure 4 ) rectangular, tip rounded, projected into a membranous rounded area (patch of scalariform-like cuticle sensu von Ellenrieder & Garrison, 2008), ventral-apical process partially visible, curved anteriorly; cercus in posterior view touching basally ( Fig. 4f View Figure 4 ), tip widely separated and ventral-apical process curved inwards, close to each other, dorsal margin straight, outer margin convex, inner margin concave ( Fig. 4f View Figure 4 ). Paraproct ivory-yellow, black dorsally ( Fig. 4c View Figure 4 ), small, quadrate, projected dorsally into a sclerotized thorn-like tip (dorsal thorn-like process) visible in lateral view ( Figs 3a View Figure 3 , 4e View Figure 4 ).

Measurements (mm). Total length (incl. caudal appendages) 33; abdomen length (excluding caudal appendages) 27.5; head maximum width 3.63; Fw length 18.5; Hw length 17; Fw maximum width 4.2; Hw maximum width 3.76; Pt length 0.5 in Fw; 0.52 in Hw; length of metathoracic femur 2.88; metathoracic tibia 2.82; length of S9+ 10 in lateral view 1.85; total length of cercus in lateral view 0.27.

Female paratype

Very similar to holotype, except for the sex-linked characters. All parts, dots and stripes that are blue in the male are yellowish green (most likely green in life). The pale spots in the lateroventral parts of the abdominal tergites also have a green hue.

Head. Labrum dark blue, all other pale spots with a yellow-green tone ( Fig. 2c View Figure 2 ).

Thorax. Median lobe of prothorax with an additional, rounded, pale ivory-yellow spot, covering 10% of the prothorax ( Fig. 2d View Figure 2 ). In dorsal view, anterior margin of pronotum slightly concave, posterior margin of pronotum with mesial projected plate as wide as about 0.5 of the lobe’s total width, margin truncated, conical lateral edges less protruded posteriorly, mesostigmal lobe straight ( Figs 2d View Figure 2 , 5e View Figure 5 ). Legs with dorsal stripes on femur lighter brown. Tibia paler ventrally than in the holotype.

Wings. Pterostigma light brown ( Fig. 1b View Figure 1 ).

Abdomen. Green spots on S1–2; greenish brown dorsal spots in S8 covering 0.3, S9 covering 0.6, and S10 covering 0.5 dorsally ( Fig. 1b View Figure 1 ). Ovipositor extending distally beyond the level of the cercus in lateral view ( Fig. 5f View Figure 5 ).

Variation in male paratypes

Numbers of Px in Fw 9–11 and 8–9 in Hw. The specimens from Bertioga lack the minute spot on the labrum and the Pt is noticeably darker in color. Most specimens from Bertioga lack the pale spots on the median lobe of the prothorax, whereas it is present in all specimens from Ilha do Cardoso State Park (PEIC), even if not as visible as in the females.

Measurements (mm, n = 10). Total length (incl. caudal appendages) 24–33; abdomen length (excluding caudal appendages) 18.27–27.5; head maximum width 3.33– 3.63; Fw length 15.5–18.5; Hw length 13.8–17; Fw maximum width 3.40–4.2; Hw maximum width 3.2–3.76; Pt length 0.43–0.5 in Fw; 0.41–0.52 in Hw; length of metathoracic femur 2.47–2.88; metathoracic tibia 2.59–3.0; length of S9+ 10 in lateral view 1.35–1.85; total length of cercus in lateral view 0.23–0.27.

Variation in female paratypes

Numbers of Px in Fw 10–12 and 8–10 in Hw; the specimens from Bertioga lack the minute spot on labrum, similar to the male paratypes, and only one has the pale spots on the median lobe of prothorax.

Measurements (mm, n = 6). Total length (incl. caudal appendages) 29.2–34.3; abdomen length (excluding caudal appendages) 22.54–26.60; head maximum width 3.38–3.65; Fw length 16.5–19; Hw length 15.5–17.5; Fw maximum width 3.56–4.16; Hw maximum width 3.24–4.12; Pt length 0.38–0.6 in Fw; 0.4–0.6 in Hw; length of metathoracic femur 2.7–3.03; metathoracic tibia 2.6–3.09; length of S9+ 10 in lateral view 1.1–1.57; total length of cercus in lateral view 0.13–0.23.

Notes

Specimens from the Bertioga population in the north are clearly smaller than those from Ilha do Cardoso State Park and have also undergone postmortem modifications in that their coloration was dulled and hues are dramatically less clear. This is the third new odonate species discovered in the same restinga-like formation as the protoneurids Forcepsioneura lopii Pinto & Araujo, 2020 and Idioneura furieriae Lencioni, 2021 . Cyanallagma demoiselle sp. nov. appears to be a typical inhabitant of restinga-like formations, rendering the provenance data of the single male from Quadrilátero Ferrífero in the state of Minas Gerais highly suspect to the point of being unlikely ( Fig. 6 View Figure 6 ), most likely is a labeling mistake.

Biological and ecological data

Both Ilha do Cardoso State Park and the Bertioga municipality (that has more than half of its area protected by the Serra do Mar State Park) exhibit typical formations of the Atlantic Forest of the southeastern coastal region of Brazil, with an estimated distance of 250 kilometers between them. Pinto (2019) and Pinto & Araujo (2020) have described in detail the habitat where our specimens from Ilha do Cardoso were collected. Adults of C. demoiselle sp. nov. were seen perched and flying in shaded areas along the drainage channels of the transcardoso dirt road crossing through the tree-like restinga vegetation. This boggy terrain hosts shallow puddles with a very slow flux at which larvae and adults of other endemic restinga-dwelling odonates, such as the protoneurine Forcepsioneura lopii and the corduliids Schizocordulia rustica (Hagen in Selys, 1871), and Lauromacromia picinguaba Carvalho et al., 2004 were collected ( Ehlert & Pinto, 2020; Pinto, 2019; Pinto & Araujo, 2020). Although no additional information on the habitat of the population in Bertioga is known, we are confident that it is strongly similar to that in the Ilha do Cardoso State Park.