Gynura aurantiaca ( Blume 1826: 908 ) Candolle (1838: 300)

Zhu, Li-Cui, Hariri, Muhammad Rifqi, Li, Cheng-Sheng & Ren, Chen, 2025, Clarification of the taxonomic and nomenclatural confusions with three Gynura names (Asteraceae: Senecioneae) based on Zollinger’s collections from Java, Indonesia, Phytotaxa 697 (3), pp. 219-233 : 227-228

Gynura aurantiaca ( Blume 1826: 908) Candolle (1838: 300) . Cacalia aurantiaca Blume (1826: 908) . Crassocephalum aurantiacum (Blume) Kuntze (1891: 331)

Type:— INDONESIA. West Java, Mt. Gede, 1 June , Blume 521 [lectotype designated by Davies (1980: 730): L0001986 !; isolectotype: L0001987 !] .

= Gynura lyrata Schultz (in Zollinger 1845: 124, 127).

Type:— INDONESIA. West Java, Mt. Tankuban , March 1944, Zollinger HZ.442 [holotype: P02562896 !; isotype: P02562905 ! (misnumbered as H.2592)] ( Figs. 4C , 10A ) .

Notes:— Gynura aurantiaca was originally described by Blume (1826) based on his collections from Mt. Gede and Mt. Burangrang. Davies (1980) designated Blume 521 (mistakenly as “ 520 ”) at L as the lectotype (incorrectly as “ holotype ”, correctable under Art. 9.10 of the International Code of Nomenclature for algae, fungi, and plants; Turland et al. 2018). We located two sheets ( L 0001986 and L 0001987) of Blume 521 at L. Both specimens bear Davies’ determinations, but only L 0001986 is further annotated by Davies with “ Holotype ” and should be accepted as the effective lectotype. However, it should be noted that although both are numbered as “ 521 ”, L 0001986 and L 0001987 are indicated with different localities: Mt. Gede and Mt. Burangrang, respectively. They may represent separate gatherings but were tentatively treated as one here, pending further evidence.

The issue of cross-labelling among Zollinger HZ.442, HZ.606, and H.2592 has been discussed above. Based on the available evidence, we reassign the mislabeled specimens to their correct gatherings. For Zollinger HZ.442, only P 02562896 ( Fig. 10A ) and P 02562905 ( Fig. 4C ) are assigned to this gathering. P 02562896 ( Fig. 10A ) is the holotype of G. lyrata . P 02562905 ( Fig. 4C ) is numbered H.2592, but has same morphology as P 02562896 ( Fig. 10A ). It is highly probably a duplicate of HZ.442 and recognized here as an isotype. Among the other specimens labeled “ HZ.442 ”, BR 0000029078073 ( Fig. 9A ), P 02562892 ( Fig. 5A ), P 02562893 ( Fig. 5C ), and P 02562894 ( Fig. 9C ) are G. mollis and assigned to the gathering of Zollinger H.2592, while P 02562909 ( Fig. 6A ) represents another species, G. daviesiae .

It is noteworthy that Schultz actually noticed the mixture of Zollinger HZ.442 with H.2592. When describing G. lyrata , he (in Zollinger 1854) explicitly cited the type as “Mixta cum No. 3 sub No. 442 HZ”, restricting the type to the “No. 3” specimen of Zollinger HZ.442. In addition, P 02562892 ( Fig. 5A ) and P 02562893 ( Fig. 5C ), which are the types of G. mollis , were annotated with both HZ.442 and H.2592. However, Schultz exclusively assigned them to H.2592, by only citing this number in the protologue of G. mollis . In fact, Schultz also left tangible evidence on the specimens. He made a “wrong” mark on the number of “ HZ.442 ” on P 02562893 ( Fig. 5D ) and specifically annotated the single individual on P 02562892 as “ 2592 ” ( Fig. 5B ), aligning with the citation in the protologue of G. mollis .

However, Schultz’s citation of “No. 3” appears to be a mistake. The “No. 3” should refer to the notation immediately following the collection number “ 442 ” on P 02562896 ( Fig. 10B ). While it resembles the number “3”, it is actually the letter “ Z ”, indicating that the specimen belonged to Zollinger’s private herbarium ( Moritzi 1845 –1846; Zollinger 1854).

Figures

FIGURE 4. Two specimens of Zollinger H.2592 from the Drake Herbarium. A. P02562907; the holotype of Gynura densiflora. B. Annotations on P02562907, showing the indicated collection locality “Bandong” (green arrow), Miquel’s annotations (“Gynura aurantiaca (non DC.) Schultz” and “Gynura densiflora Miq.”; middle slip), and the additional collection number “606Z” (= HZ. 606; bottom slip). C. P02562905. D. Annotations on P02562905, showing the indicated collection locality “Mt. Ardjuno” (green arrow).

FIGURE 5. Syntypes of Gynura mollis from the Schultz Herbarium. A. P02562892. B. Annotations on P02562892, showing two distant localities: “Mt. Tankuban” and “Mt. Ardjuno” (green arrows). C. P02562893. D. Annotations on P02562893, showing Schultz’s determination. Note that the two specimens are numbered as both “H.2592” and “HZ.442”, but Schultz only cited “H.2592” in the protologue of G. mollis. He also specifically annotated the single individual on P02562892 as “2592” (B, red arrow) and made a “wrong” mark (D, blue arrow) on the number of “HZ.442” on P02562893, suggesting that Schultz noticed the mixture between Zollinger H.2592 and HZ.442.

FIGURE 6. A third Zollinger specimen numbered as both H.2592 and HZ.442 from the Schultz Herbarium.A. P02562909.B.Annotations on P02562909, showing two indicated collection localities (“Mt. Tankuban” and “Mt. Ardjuno”; green arrows) and determinations by Zollinger (red arrow) and by Schultz (blue arrows).

FIGURE 9. Two specimens of Zollinger HZ.442. A. BR0000029078073. B. Annotations on BR0000029078073, showing the indicated locality “Bandong” (green arrow). C. P02562894. D. Annotations on P02562894, showing the indicated locality “Mt. Tankuban” (green arrow).

FIGURE 10. Holotype of Gynura lyrata from the Schultz Herbarium. A. P02562896. B. Annotations on P02562896. Note that the notation indicated by the green arrow is likely interpreted as the number “3” by Schultz in the protologue of Gynura lyrata (“Mixta cum No. 3 sub No. 442 HZ”), but it actually represents the letter “Z”, indicating that the specimen belonged to Zollinger’s private herbarium.