Andricus, Hartig, 1840

Sottile, Salvatore, Nicholls, James A., Stone, Graham N. & Cerasa, Giuliano, 2025, An integrative taxonomic approach to describe Andricus pseudomultiplicatus sp. nov. and establish new synonymies in Andricus Hartig, 1840 (Hymenoptera: Cynipidae: Cynipini), Zootaxa 5609 (4), pp. 451-478 : 470-474

Key to European sexual generation Andricus species inducing indistinguishable galls that at the end of development appear as a muddled agglomerate of deformed leaves on Quercus section Cerris oaks

1. Females............................................................................................ 2

- Males.............................................................................................. 5

2. Fore wing distal fringe of marginal setae extremely short ( Fig. 57 ).............................................. 3

- Fore wing distal fringe of marginal setae long.............................................................. 4

3. Mesoscutellum posteriorly rounded or truncated but not pointed, moderately rugose sculpturing evenly distributed across the surface; prominent part of ventral spine of hypopygium slender, 5.3–5.7 times as long as broad in ventral view A. crispator ♀

- Mesoscutellum ending in a point and not rounded posteriorly, strongly rugose especially near the margins and posteriorly ( Fig. 49 ); prominent part of ventral spine of hypopygium 3.5–4.5 times as long as broad in ventral view ( Figs 61, 65 )................................................................................... A. pseudomultiplicatus sp. nov. ♀

4. Body color mostly dark brown to black; frons, vertex and occiput reticulate; striae on mesopleuron present and very marked; mesoscutellum as long as broad, uniformly strongly areolate-rugose with distinct mainly longitudinal sharp rugae and with emarginate posterior margin; scutellar foveae subtriangular and well-delimited posteriorly; mesoscutum deeply colliculate.............................................................................. A. conificus (= A. cydoniae ) ♀

- Body color mostly reddish yellow; frons, vertex, and occiput uniformly coriaceous ( Figs 28, 29 ); mesopleuron without or with only very indistinct striae ( Figs 26, 30 ); mesoscutellum broader than long, reticulate rugose around its limits, more delicate in the central part of disk with unemarginated posterior margin; scutellar foveae subrectangular and not or very slightly delimited posteriorly, mesoscutum shallowly colliculate ( Fig 29 )........................... A. truncicolus (= A. multiplicatus ) ♀

5. Frons, vertex, and occiput uniformly coriaceous ( Figs 34, 36 ); mesopleuron without or with only very indistinct striae............................................................................ A. truncicolus (= A. multiplicatus ) ♂

- Frons, vertex and occiput reticulate; striae on mesopleuron present and very marked................................ 6

6. Body color mostly dark brown to black; mesoscutum deeply colliculate; notauli complete, deep and well-impressed along whole length, not significantly widened and not excessively converging posteriorly, internotauli distance at posterior margin of mesoscutum is 2 times the width of one notaulus at the same point....................... A. conificus (= A. cydoniae ) ♂

- Body predominantly reddish-yellow to amber-colored; mesoscutum not colliculate, delicately to strongly reticulate; notauli complete, deep and well-impressed along whole length, very wide and converging at the posterior end, internotauli distance at posterior margin of mesoscutum is 1.5–1.6 times the width of one notaulus at the same point......................... 7

7. POL approximately 1.5 times the length of OOL; OOL around 1.9 times as long as diameter of lateral ocellus; distance between torulus and inner margin of eye nearly 1.5 times the distance between toruli; mesoscutum strongly reticulate across the entire surface, around 1.7 times as long as the mesoscutellum; internotauli width near posterior margin of mesoscutum approximately 1.7 times the width of one notaulus at the same point.............................................. A. crispator ♂

- POL approximately 1.7 times as long as OOL; OOL approximately 2.2 times as long as diameter of lateral ocellus and 1.1 times as long as LOL; distance between torulus and inner margin of eye nearly 3.0 times the distance between toruli ( Figs 66, 68 ); mesoscutum shallowly reticulate between notali, more weakly reticulate in the remaining parts, around 1.5 times as long as the mesoscutellum; internotauli width near posterior margin of mesoscutum approximately 1.6 times the width of one notaulus at the same point ( Fig 71 )..................................................... A. pseudomultiplicatus sp. nov. ♂

Figures

FIGURES 55–65. Andricus pseudomultiplicatus sp. nov. sexual female. 55, pronotum (anterodorsal view); 56, mesosoma (ventral view); 57, forewing; 58, hindwing; 59, propleuron (frontal view); 60, metascutellum and propodeum (posterodorsal view); 61, metasoma (lateral view); 62, fore tarsus; 63, mid tarsus; 64, hind tarsus; 65, ventral spine of hypopygium (ventral view). Scale bar: 100 µm.

FIGURES 44–54. Andricus pseudomultiplicatus sp. nov. sexual female. 44–48, head (frontal, posterior, lateral, laterofrontal and dorsal views); 49–50, mesosoma (dorsal and lateral views); 51, mesoscutum, with median mesoscutal line arrowed; 52, mesopleuron (ventro-lateral view); 53, female antenna; 54, detail of female antenna - the presence of an indistinct suture between F10 and F11 often makes it appear as having 11 flagellomeres. Scale bar: 100 µm.

FIGURES 25–32. Andricus multiplicatus Giraud, 1859 (sexual female, deposited in MSNG and determined by Gustav L. Mayr). 25, specimens on a micropin with label; 26, habitus; 27, forewing; 28, head (frontal view); 29, head and mesosoma (dorsal view); 30, mesopleuron (ventro-lateral view); 31, hypopygium (lateral view); 32, metascutellum and propodeum (posterodorsal view). Scale bar: 200 µm, unless labeled otherwise.

FIGURES 33–41. Andricus multiplicatus Giraud, 1859 (sexual male, deposited in MSNG and determined by Gustav L. Mayr). 33, habitus; 34–36, head (frontal, ventral and dorsal views); 37, mesopleuron (lateral view); 38, mesosoma and metasoma (dorsal view); 39, proximal antennal segments; 40, details of mesoscutal sculpture (dorsal view); 41, metascutellum and propodeum (posterodorsal view). Scale bar: 200 µm, unless labeled otherwise.

FIGURES 66–76. Andricus pseudomultiplicatus sp. nov. sexual male. 66–68, head (frontal, lateral and dorsal views); 69, antenna; 70, detail of proximal antennal segments; 71–72, mesosoma (dorsal and lateral views); 73, metascutellum and propodeum (posterodorsal view); 74, metasoma (lateral view); 75, forewing; 76, hindwing. Scale bar: 100 µm.