Ceropegia sahyadrica var. karulensis (Punekar, Tamhankar, Lakshmin., Kumaran, Raut, S.K. Srivast. & Kavade) Kambale & S.R. Yadav, 2019
publication ID |
https://doi.org/10.22244/rheedea.2019.29.1.01 |
persistent identifier |
https://treatment.plazi.org/id/120287E4-E923-D867-FF40-A71FFDC5FB75 |
treatment provided by |
Felipe |
scientific name |
Ceropegia sahyadrica var. karulensis (Punekar, Tamhankar, Lakshmin., Kumaran, Raut, S.K. Srivast. & Kavade) Kambale & S.R. Yadav |
status |
stat. nov. |
Ceropegia sahyadrica var. karulensis (Punekar, Tamhankar, Lakshmin., Kumaran, Raut, S.K. Srivast. & Kavade) Kambale & S.R. Yadav View in CoL stat. nov. Ceropegia karulensis Punekar, Tamhankar, Lakshmin., Kumaran, Raut, S.K. Srivast. & Kavade, Nelumbo View in CoL 55: 17. 2013. Type: INDIA, Maharashtra, Kolhapur district, Gaganbawada, Karul Ghat , 25.08.2005, S. A. Punekar 365 (holo CAL!; iso AHMA!) .
Ceropegia lawii auct . Ansari, Fasc. Fl. India 16: 19. 1984; D.K. Mishra & N.P. Singh, Endem. Threat. Pl. Maharashtra 136. 2001; S.R. Yadav & Sardesai, Fl. Kolhapur District 285. 2002; Surveswaran et al., Plant Syst. Evol. 281: 53, 60, 2009; Kambale & Yadav, Asklepios 115: 35. 2013. non Hook.f., 1883. Fig. 35 View Fig
Lamina variable; lower ones ovate, rounded or cordate at base, acute at apex, upper ones ovate lanceolate 3–16.3 × 1.1–8.5 cm; petioles 0.5–3.4 cm long, grooved above, pubescent. Peduncles c. 12.6 cm long, hairy; bracts 0.4–0.5 × c. 0.1 cm, linear; pedicels 0.6–1.4 cm long, pubescent. Sepals 0.5– 0.6 cm, subulate, glabrous. Corolla 1.7–2 cm long, straight or slightly curved sometimes; tube 1.3–1.5 cm, white, with 10 distinct lines outside, funnel-shaped above, minutely hairy at the base of inflated part, dark purple in the lower 2/3 rd part and white in upper 1/3 rd part; lobes c. 0.5 cm long, ovate-cordate, forming small globose cage of 0.7 cm diam. Corona bi-seriate; outer of 5 lobes, saucer-shaped, shorter than gynostegium, 0.1–0.2 × c. 0.3 cm, linear, hairy along the margins, yellow; inner straight, 0.3–0.4 cm, pubescent at apex, yellow.
Flowering & fruiting: July–September.
Habitat: Grows along steep hill slopes in association with Strobilanthes callosa Nees at an elevation ranging from 400– 900 m.
Distribution: Endemic to northern Western Ghats of Maharashtra, India.
Specimens examined: INDIA, Maharashtra, Kolhapur district, Anuskura Ghat , 24.08.2014, S. S . Kambale SSK 288; Bhuibawda Ghat , 24.08.2014, S. S . Kambale & S. R . Yadav SSK 286 ( SUK!); Gaganbawda , Karul Ghat, 27.07.2011, S. S . Kambale SUK 2586 View Materials ( SUK!); Ibid., 06.08.2011, S. S . Kambale SUK 2589 View Materials ( SUK!); Ibid., 28.07. 2013, S. S . Kambale SSK 54 ( SUK!); Ibid., 06.09.2013, S. S . Kambale SSK 75 ( SUK!); Ibid., 15.08.2014, S. S . Kambale SSK 268 ( SUK!) .
Conservation status: It is reported from 4 localities with 10–15 individuals. It is assessed as Critically Endangered [CR: B2 a, b (iii, iv)].
Notes: While describing this species, Punekar et al. (2013) compared it with C. lawii . They differentiated this taxon based on characters such as caudate-acuminate or abruptly acuminate leaf apices, highly fragrant flowers, usually in terminal sub-umbellate cymes, shorter corolla, glabrous or glabrescent pedicels, white corolla lobes inside and outside and glabrous inner corona lobes. This taxon shares several characters with C. sahyadrica in having white fragrant flowers, saucer-shaped hairy outer corona, hairy corolla tube at dilated part and ovate-cordate corolla lobes. However, it differs from the latter in having relatively smaller flowers, bright white corolla lobes and connivent to divergent inner corona (vs. larger flowers, olive green, yellow to purple corolla lobes and connivent inner corona). After detailed observations on variations of both these taxa, the characters used by Punekar et al. (2013) to describe this species are found to be overlapping with C. sahyadrica . Hence authors found no reason to keep it distinct and reduced here as a variety under it. This taxon is also close to C. rollae but differs in having ovate-cordate corolla lobes (vs. linear-lanceolate) and obconic– depressed globose, corolla cages (vs. quadrangular cages).
Ceropegia santapaui Wadhwa & Ansari, Bull. Bot. Surv. View in CoL India 10: 95. 1968; Ansari, Fasc. Fl. India 16: 30. 1984; M.P. Nayar & Sastry, Red Data Book Indian Pl. 2: 56. 1988; S.D. Deshp. et al., Fl. Mahabaleshwar, Maharashtra 1: 362. 1993; A.P. Jagtap & N.P. Singh, Fasc. Fl. India 24: 238. 1999; D.K. Mishra & N.P. Singh, Endem. Threat. Pl. Maharashtra 151. 2001; A.P. Jagtap & Das Das in N.P. Singh et al., Fl. Maharashtra, Dicot. 2: 357. 2001; M.R. Almeida, Fl. Maharashtra 3 A: 238. 2001; F. Albers & Meve, Ill. Handb. Succ. Pl. Asclepiadaceae 98. 2002; Kambale & S.R. Yadav, Asklepios 115: 38. 2013. Type: INDIA, Maharashtra, Satara district, way from Mahabaleshwar to Mahad, 19.08.1966, B.M. Wadhwa 109640A (holo CAL!; iso CAL!, K!, BSI!).
Fig. 36 View Fig
Vernacular name: Kharpudi (Marathi).
Perennial twining herbs. Rootstock tuberous; tubers 1–3 cm in diam., sub-globose; roots fibrous. Stem c. 2 m long, usually one from tuber, rarely two, slender, usually unbranched, rarely branched, glabrous, pubescent at younger parts. Lamina variable, lower ones ovate-acuminate, 8.4–12.3 × 3.2–4.3 cm, upper ones linear-lanceolate, 6.2–9.4 × 0.9–1.6 cm, bulbous based hairs above, ciliolate along nerves beneath, glabrous otherwise; petioles 0.3–4.5 cm long, channeled above, with 2 black glands on either sides at the base, glabrous. Cymes sub-umbellate, 6–10-flowered, extra-axillary; peduncles 0.6–9 cm long, terete, puberulous; bracts 2–5 × c. 1.5 mm, subulate, glabrous; pedicels 0.8– 2.5 cm, pubescent-puberulous. Sepals 3–3.5 mm long, subulate, hairy on midnerve. Corolla 1–1.3 cm long, white or greenish-yellowish-white; tube c. 1 cm long, angular, straight or slightly curved, glabrous, purple and glabrous within, gradually dilated towards base; lobes c. 6 mm long, connate at tips, forming a sub-globose cage, glabrous, yellowish-white. Corona uni-seriate of 5 elongated lobes, conical, pale yellow with purple blotching at lower half, white in upper-half; inner c. 3 mm long, convergent, connate at tip, subulate, densely stiff hairy on the dorsal side. Follicles in pairs, 5.5–7.2 cm long, tapering at both ends, glabrous. Seeds many, c. 7 × 3 mm, ovate, oblong, prominently margined; coma c. 1.5 cm long.
Flowering & fruiting: August–October.
Chromosome number: 2 n = 22 ( Raghavan & Ansari, 1975).
Habitat: Grows along hill slopes in soil deposited on rocks in association with Tripogon lisboae Stapf.
Distribution: Endemic to northern Western Ghats of Maharashtra, India ( Mishra & Singh, 2001).
Specimens examined: INDIA, Maharashtra, Ratnagiri district, Gothane , 04.07.2011, S. S . Kambale SUK 2574 View Materials ( SUK); Ibid., 19.09.2014, S. S . Kambale SSK 313 ( SUK!); Gothane plateau, 05.08.2003, M. Y . Kamble 2163 ( SUK); Ibid. , 08.2003, S. P . Gaikwad 427( SUK); Pophali Ghat, 10.08.2002, S. P . Gaikwad s.n. ( SUK); Satara district, Koyanagar , 23.08.1999, S. A . Mohite s.n.; Kumbharli Ghat , 22.07.2003, M. Y . Kamble s.n.; Ibid. , 19.08.2011, S. S . Kambale SUK 2593 View Materials ; Ibid. , 21.08.2014, S. S . Kambale SSK 279 ( SUK); way from Mahabaleshwar to Mahad , 13.09.1966, B. M . Wadhwa & M. Y . Ansari 109651 A ( CAL!, BSI!) .
Conservation status: Nayar and Sastry (1987) assessed it as Rare. After type collection this species has been collected from similar habitats in Western Ghats. However , it is represented by few individuals at each locality and has fragmented distribution. In present study it has assessed as Data Deficient ( DD) .
Notes: Ceropegia santapaui is closely similar to C. huberi but can be distinguished from the latter by its corolla tube longer than lobes and sub-globose cage of corolla lobes (vs. shorter corolla tube than corolla lobes and depressed discoid cage as in C. huberi ).
Ceropegia vincifolia Hook., Bot. Mag. 66: t. 3740. 1839 emend. Ansari, Bull. Bot. Surv. India 13(3 & 4): 187. 1971; Dalzell & A. Gibson, Bombay Fl. 153. 1861; M.P. Nayar & Sastry, Red Data Book Indian Pl. 2: 59. 1988; Shetty & Singh., Fl. Rajasthan 2: 479. 1991; S.D. Deshp. et al., Fl. Mahabaleshwar, Maharashtra 1: 362. 1993; A.P. Jagtap & N.P. Singh, Fasc. Fl. India 24: 240. 1999; D.K. Mishra & N.P. Singh, Endem. Threat. Pl. Maharashtra 152. 2001; A.P. Jagtap & Das Das in N.P. Singh et al., Fl. Maharashtra, Dicot. 2: 357. 2001; M.R. Almeida, Fl. Maharashtra 3 A: 239. 2001; F. Albers & Meve, Ill. Handb. Succ. Pl. Asclepiadaceae 106. 2002; Karthik. et al., Fl. Pl. India 1: 164. 2009; Kambale & S.R. Yadav, Asklepios 115: 38. 2013. Ceropegia hirsuta Wight & Arn. var. vincifolia (Hook.) Hook.f., Fl. Brit. View in CoL India 4: 72. 1883, as ‘var. vincaefolia’. Lectotype (designated by Ansari, 1984): Bot. Mag. t. 3740. 1839.
Ceropegia stocksii Hook.f., Fl. Brit. View in CoL India 4: 74. 1883; T. Cooke, Fl. Bombay 2: 243. 1905. Type: not located or apparently none preserved.
Ceropegia polyantha Blatt. & McCann, J. View in CoL Bombay Nat. Hist. Soc. 34. 936. 1931. Lectotype: INDIA, Maharashtra, Mahabaleshwar, Lingmala hills, s.d., McCann & Fernadez 3470A (BLAT).
Ceropegia oculata var. subhirsuta H. Huber, Mem. Soc. Brot. View in CoL 12: 65. 1957. Type: INDIA, Maharashtra, Mumbra, s.d., Shenoy 4057 (BLAT). Fig. 37 View Fig
Vernacular names: Kharpudi, Khapar-khutti, Khaper-Halda (Marathi).
Perennial twining herbs. Rootstock tuberous; tubers sub-spherical, 4–5 cm in diam.; roots fibrous. Stem c. 3 m long, terete, slightly swollen at nodes, usually branched, glabrous, greenish-dark purple. Lamina 5.3–16.0 × 2.7–7.3 cm, leaf-size gradually decreasing above, ovate-lanceolate, acute-acuminate at apex, cordate at base, membranous, sparsely hairy above, along margins and nerves beneath; petioles 1.1–4 cm long, channeled above, glabrous. Cymes umbellate, 9–17-flowered, extra-axillary; peduncles 1.3–5.5 cm long, terete, hirsute; bracts c. 0.35 × 0.1 mm, subulate, glabrous (rarely hairy at the tip); pedicels 0.5–1.3 cm long, terete, glabrous. Sepals 0.4–1.1 cm long, ciliolate along midnerve, subulate, glabrous otherwise. Corolla 3.5–8.0 cm long; tube 2.1–4.0 cm long, straight, abruptly dilated at base, funnel-shaped at throat, glabrous with ring of downwardly directed hairs at the mouth of dilated part within, greyishgreen-pale green, mottled with deep purple spots above the middle and at the dilated part, deep purple at narrower part within, pale green above at the mouth, horizontal light windows present at the mouth of dilated part; lobes 1.3–3 cm long, connate at tip forming an ovoid-oblong or ovoid head, almost equal to or shorter than tube, linear-oblong above from ovate-deltoid base, rarely twisted, pubescent within and hairy along margins, colour variable, greenish-brown, reddish-brown, purple to dark green at upper-half, usually pale yellowish-green with faint purple lines in the lower half. Corona bi-seriate, stipitate, 5–6 mm long; outer of 5 emarginate or shortly bifid lobes, c. 4 × 4 mm, slightly larger than gynostegium, ciliate along margins and within, yellow with purple margin; inner of 5 erect to erecto-divergent lobes, 4 mm long, ligulate, linear-spathulate, oblanceolate, rhomboid, alternating with outer corona. Pollinarium c. 0.2 × 0.25 mm. Follicles in pairs, 11.5–15 long, unequal, cylindrical, tapering towards apex, glabrous, greenish-purple. Seeds c. 7 × 4 mm ovate-oblong, flattened with broad margins, comose; coma c. 3 cm long.
Flowering & fruiting: August–September.
Habitat: Grows around bushes in lateritic soil and along hill slopes in association with Strobilanthes callosa Nees and Euphorbia antiquorum L.
Distribution: India (Kerala, Maharashtra, Rajasthan).
Specimens examined: INDIA, Goa, Porvorim slopes, 07.09.2007, A . Prabhugaonkar 537 ( Goa University Herbarium !) . Kerala, Palakkad district, Silent Valley National Park , 30.08.2012, A. R . Kulavmode & S. S . Kambale SUK 3132 View Materials ( SUK!) . Maharashtra, Kolhapur district, Gargoti, Kondushi , 03.10.1998, P . D. Mahekar & V. B . Shimpale 5819 ( SUK!); Mumbai suburban, SGNP Borivali , 30.08.2012, S. S . Kambale SSK 16; Ibid. , 07.09.2013, S. S . Kambale SSK 83; SGNP (grown in garden) , 23.10.2013, S. S . Kambale SSK 94; 15.08.2014, S. S . Kambale SSK 275 ( SUK!); Nandurbar district, Toranmal, Kalapani , 16.08.1965, R . D. Pataskar 105809 ( BSI!); Pune district, Katraj , 08.1956, G. S . Puri BSI 2965 About BSI ; Mahar-Dara , 10.09.1964, M. Y . Ansari 101583 B ; Ibid. , 09.08.1956, G. S . Puri 5689; Sinhgadh forest , 31.08.1907, R. K . Bhide s.n.; ( BSI!); Raigad district, Karjat, Thakarwadi hills, Mhatarbanala , 18.09.1962, R. S . Rao 81582 ( BSI!); Satara district; Kas , 09.1991, M. P . Bachulkar-Cholekar 5165 ( SUK!); Ibid., 01.09.2003, M. Y . Kamble 2133; Ibid. (grown in garden), 05.10.2011, S. S . Kambale SUK 3133 View Materials ; 30.08.2012, S. S . Kambale SSK 15; Ibid. , 12.08.2013, S. S . Kambale SSK 69; Ibid. , 19.09.2014, S. S . Kambale SSK 318; Mahabaleshwar, Lingmala , 27.09.1930, C . McCann 3442 ( CAL!); Patan tehsil, Valmiki , 12.10.2013, M. K . Mane & S. S . Kambale SSK 101 ( SUK!); way from Satara to Mahabaleshwar, Machutar forest , 10.10.1960; M. Y . Ansari 67507( SUK!); Thane district, Dahisar Range , Takmak fort hills, 16.09.1968, K. V . Bhillare 116748 ( BSI!) .
Conservation status: Nayar and Sastry (1987) assessed it as Rare while Mishra and Singh (2001) as Endangered. In present study few fragmented populations have been observed.
Notes: Ceropegia vincifolia is close to C. oculata but differs in having corolla lobes as long as tube (vs. shorter than tube), horizontal light windows (vs. vertical light windows) and densely hairy within dilated part (vs. glabrous) and emarginate outer corona lobes (vs. bifid corona lobes). It is variable in colour, blotching pattern and length of corolla lobes. Colour in upper-half of corolla lobes varies from pale green, deep green to reddish. Shape of cage varies from conical to obovoid and the shape of dilated portion of tube varies from globular to ovoid. The corolla lobes are sometimes slightly spirally-coiled. Hooker (1883) and Cooke (1905) reduced C. vincifolia to a variety of C. hirsuta but, Huber (1957) treated them as conspecific. Subsequently, Ansari (1971) made critical observations on all the populations and concluded that C. vincifolia should be considered as distinct species and emended the description.
CAL |
Botanical Survey of India |
AHMA |
Agharkar Research Institute, Maharashtra Association for the Cultivation of Science |
S |
Department of Botany, Swedish Museum of Natural History |
R |
Departamento de Geologia, Universidad de Chile |
SUK |
Shivaji University |
M |
Botanische Staatssammlung München |
Y |
Yale University |
P |
Museum National d' Histoire Naturelle, Paris (MNHN) - Vascular Plants |
A |
Harvard University - Arnold Arboretum |
B |
Botanischer Garten und Botanisches Museum Berlin-Dahlem, Zentraleinrichtung der Freien Universitaet |
BSI |
Botanical Survey of India, Western Circle |
DD |
Forest Research Institute, Indian Council of Forestry Research and Education |
T |
Tavera, Department of Geology and Geophysics |
V |
Royal British Columbia Museum - Herbarium |
G |
Conservatoire et Jardin botaniques de la Ville de Genève |
K |
Royal Botanic Gardens |
C |
University of Copenhagen |
No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.
Kingdom |
|
Phylum |
|
Class |
|
Order |
|
Family |
|
Genus |
Ceropegia sahyadrica var. karulensis (Punekar, Tamhankar, Lakshmin., Kumaran, Raut, S.K. Srivast. & Kavade) Kambale & S.R. Yadav
S. S., Kambale & Abstract, S. R. Yadav 2019 |
Ceropegia santapaui Wadhwa & Ansari, Bull. Bot. Surv.
Kambale & S. R. Yadav 2013: 38 |
Data Book 2001: 238 |
Data Book 1999: 238 |
Mahabaleshwar 1993: 362 |
M. P. Nayar & Sastry 1988: 56 |
Data Book 1984: 30 |
Wadhwa & Ansari 1968: 95 |
Ceropegia stocksii Hook.f., Fl. Brit.
Hook. f., Fl. Brit. 1905: 243 |
Hook. f., Fl. Brit. 1883: 74 |