Ceratina silveirai, Mahlmann & Oliveira & Oliveira, 2023

Mahlmann, Thiago, Oliveira, Favízia Freitas de & Oliveira, Marcio Luiz de, 2023, Taxonomy of South American species of Ceratina (Calloceratina) Cockerell, 1924 with comments on new species-groups proposed for this subgenus (Hymenoptera: Apidae: Xylocopinae), EntomoBrasilis (e 1062) 16, pp. 1062-1062 : 8-12

silveirai species-group

Diagnosis. Moderate-sized species, body length ranges from 9.3-11.5; integument bright metallic green; yellow marks in females, when present, limited to clypeus and trochanters; body sparsely punctate leaving large, polished spaces between punctures especially on front and vertex (distance between punctures approximately equal to or wider than 1 DO); metapostnotum finely reticulate, sometimes almost polished and with a weak median carina; dorsoapical teeth of pro and mesotibia greatly asymmetric, the upper one much longer, mainly on females; graduli present on T2 to T4.

Male: Apical margin of T7 gently emarginate to almost straight with a short median angular projection; preapical margin of S5 without acute processes, apical margin broadly emarginate or deeply notched medially ( Figures 6 D-E, 8D-E).

Ceratina (Calloceratina) silveirai Mahlmann & Oliveira, F.F. , n. sp.

urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:CF9F033F-BC7A-4161-8190-E82A3A670816

( Figures 5-6 )

Diagnosis. Clypeus sometimes with a narrow yellow, horizontal stripe on apical margin, and with a median longitudinal slightly depressed, smooth, polished area delimited by coarse punctures; metapostnotum finely reticulate, almost polished and with a weak median carina; lower interocular distance larger than superior, inner orbits of compound eyes divergent below giving the head a square aspect; metatibia with developed carina.

Male: Apical margin of T7 gently emarginate with a short median angular projection; apical margin of S5 with a deeply "U-shaped" notch medially ( Figure 6 D-E).

Description. Holotype female ( Figure 5 ): body length 10.4; forewing length 7.1; clypeus approximately 1.9 times as wide as long; ocellocular distance 2.3 OD; ocelloccipital distance 2.6 OD.

Color . Integument evenly bright metallic green including lateral margins of labrum, base of mandible, and anterior inner third of tegula; rest of labrum, mandible, and apical margin of clypeus brownish. Posterior third of pronotum and surface below pronotal lobe light brown. Tegula translucent, light brown; wing veins brown and wing membrane weakly brownish. Legs brownish with strong metallic green reflections. Basal areas of T2-T4 brownish. Reddish-brown bands on preapical margins of T2 and T3, interrupted in middle. Pale-yellow stripe on apical margin of outer surface of trochanters.

Pubescence. Mostly whitish, yellowish on labrum, mandible, tarsi, and apex of metasoma. Disc of propodeum with long hairs, lateral areas with short and dense hairs intermingled with long hairs more evenly distributed. Preapical margins of T4 and T5 covered with short spatulate setae.

Integumental surface. Punctation denser and marked on lower paraocular area and clypeus, laterally. Mesosoma with finer and sparser punctation leaving large, polished areas between the punctures on mesoscutum, lower portion of mesepisternum, and especially on mesoscutellum (distance between punctures approximately 1 DO). Metepisternum with a large, polished area on lower half. Disc of T1-T4 with fine and sparse punctation, denser on T5 and T6.

Structure. Maxillary palpus six-segmented. Lateral areas of labrum slightly depressed, lateral and posterior margins slightly concave. Lower interocular distance larger than upper, inner orbits of compound eyes divergent downward, giving head a square aspect. Preoccipital carina weak. Lateral areas of pronotum with weak carina. Graduli present on T2 to T4.

Variation. Some specimens have a narrow yellow, horizontal stripe on apical margin of clypeus. Integument with coppery

reflections in two specimens (Napo: Ecuador and Rondônia: Brazil). Body length ranges from 9.3-11.5 .

Allotype male ( Figure 6 ). Similar to the female except as follows: more evident bluish reflections; translucent brown spots at base of labrum almost imperceptible; yellow marks on disc of labrum, and a narrow horizontal stripe on apical margin of clypeus; absence of spatulate setae on metasoma; lateral margins of T6 with long hairs reaching the same length as hairs of T7; median clypeal depression more pronounced; preoccipital and pronotal carinae more developed; metatibia with reduced carina; apical margin of T7 gently emarginate with a short median angular projection; apical margin of S5 with deeply "U-shaped" notch medially; lateroapical margin of S6 ending in two acute projections, medially with a long subtriangular notch, twice as long as greatest width ( Figure 6F ); genital capsule as in figure 6G. Body length 10; forewing length 6.5; clypeus approximately 1.6 times as wide as long; ocellocular distance 2 OD; ocelloccipital distance 2 OD. Some variation was observed: body length ranges from 8.3-11. Male terminalia as in Figure 6 D-G.

Type material. HOLOTYPE ♀. BRAZIL: Amazonas, Atalaia do Norte, Res. [Reserva] Natural Palmari, 4º17'21''S; 70º17'36.8''W; 09.ix.2014; Varredura; J.C. Câmara, F.F. Xavier e A. Plant Leg. ( INPA). ALLOTYPE ♂. BRAZIL: Amazonas, Manacapuru, Mundo Azul Sítio Agroinclusivo, -3.279958; -60.546108, 14.viii.2020, Mahlmann Leg. // Col. Em flor (10:00), Cosmos sulphurea ( Asteraceae ) ( INPA). PARATYPES (16♀♀, 6♂♂). BRAZIL: Acre, Mâncio Lima, Serra do Divisor, 7º27'4''S; 73º38'57''W, 06-15.xii.2019, Malaise, Ferreira, JVA // 2356 (1♀ MHNBA); Acre, RESEX [Reserva Extrativista] Alto Juruá, Rio Tejo - 980204 // 22.vii.1995, M.L. Oliveira col. // AJ 0011 (1♀ RPSP); Pará, Serra Norte, Pojuca, 06.viii.1985 // Pará, R.D. Thomaz // MPEG HYM 11004577 // Ceratina (Calloceratina) cf. chloris, Det. Pires & Ramos, 2009 (1♀ MPEG); idem 04.vii.1985 // MPEG HYM 11004578 (1♀ MPEG); Pará, Serra Norte, EstaÇão Fofoca, 22.vi.1985 // Pará, M.F. Torres // MPEG HYM, 11004574 // Ceratina (Calloceratina) chloris, Det. Pires & Ramos, 2009 (1♀ MPEG); Rondônia, Porto Velho, Estrada Santo Antonio, 8º48'37''S; 63º57'04''W, 01.x.2004, Malaise, Maria Áurea Silveira Leg. // Male SAMD 05/10/04, nº2820, Augochloropsis sp.1 (1♀ INPA); V. Rondônia (378 Km S. de P. Velho), Rondonia, 25.i - 09.ii.1961, Pereira e A. Machado (1♀ MZUSP); COLOMBIA: Putumayo, Villa Garzon, 8 mi. S. Mocoa, 22.vii.1978, M.Cooper, B.M. 1978-431 (1♂ NHMUK); ECUADOR: Pichincha, Reserva Geobotánica Pululahua, Lomas circundantes al cráter 2200m, LN 00º02'; LW 78º29', Feb. 1997, G. Estévez // MECN 13032 // Ceratina (Calloceratina) det. J.S. Ascher 2012 // aff. Chloris (1♀ MECN); Sucumbios, Sacha Lodge, 270m, 0º28'14''S, 76º27'35''W, 24.iii.1999, D. Brzoska, ECU 1B99 032B // SMO 187562, KUNHM-ENT (1♀ SEMC); Napo, Lago Agrio, Williner, 5.76 (1♀ AMNH); Orellana, Payamino Research Station, 0º29'36.01''S, 77º17'29.15''W, 300m, tropical rainforest, Malaise // 20.vii - 12.viii.2007, coll. CPDT Gillett BMNH (E), 2007- 65 (1♂ NHMUK); Orellana, Parque Nacional Yasuní, Bloque 16, 180m, 05.viii.2000, J.J. Bravo // Ceratina R.B. GonÇalves det. // QCAZ I 64412 // Ceratina (Calloceratina) det. J.S. Ascher 2012 (1♀ QCAZ); Orellana, Parque Nacional Yasuní, 180m, 76º21'W; 00º40'S, 05.viii.2001, J.J. Bravo // QCAZ I 64414 (1♀ QCAZ); Orellana, Parque Nacional Yasuní, 250m, -0.67131; -76.40050, viii.2011, A. Argoti // QCAZ I 259353 // Ceratina (Calloceratina) det. J.S. Ascher 2012 (1♀ QCAZ); Coca on Rio Napo, Napo, Pastaza Prov., V.1965 // L.E. Pena Collector (1♂ AMNH); Napo, Cabañas Aliñahui 580m, 77º40'00'W'; 01º30'00''S, 07.iii.2005, J. Salvador // QCAZ I 9768 (1♀ QCAZ); PERU: MD [Madre de Dios], Tambopata Pres, Explores' Inn, 200m, 12º51'S, 69º18'W, 05.xii.96. coll A. Brower // Ceratina (Calloceratina), det. J.S. Ascher (1♀ AMNH); [Junín], Chanchamayo, 18.vi.1949, 1.100m, J.M. Schunke, B.M. 1950-559 (1♀ NHMUK); Dept. [Departamento] Loreto, Pucallpa // 09.v.1952, J.M. Schuncke, B.M. 1952-645 (1♂ NHMUK); idem 23.v.1961, B.M.1961-64 (1♂ NHMUK); idem 27.viii.1959, B.M.1961-64 (1♂ NHMUK). All specimens of the type series are in excellent conditions.

Additional material examined. PERU: Madre de Dios,

Rio Tambopata Reserve, 30km. (air) SW Puerto Maldonado, 290m., 12º50'S, 69º20'W, 25 - 30 April, 1984, W.J. Pulawski collector (1♂ CASC); Madre de Dios, Tambopata, Wild Res. 12º51'S, 69º17'W, 290m, 22-25 January, 1985, J. Carpenter & D. Bowers // Ceratina det. M.S. Engel // MCZ-ENT 00511469 (1♀ MCZ); [Huánuco], Monson Valley, Tingo Maria, 12.x.1954 // E.I. Schlinger & E.S. Ross collectors (1♀ CASC); [Huánuco], Tingo Maria, Rio Huallaga , 700m, 1940, leg. Weyrauch // i.xii, W.K.W. 178 // ex - col Weyrauch (1♂ MACN). All these specimens are housed at MACN . We understood it safer to exclude from the type series.

Distribution. Colombia (Putumayo); Brazil (Acre, Amazonas, Pará, Rondônia); Ecuador (Napo, Orellana, Pastaza, Sucumbíos); Peru (Huánuco, Junín, Loreto, Madre de Dios).

Etymology. The name of this species is a tribute to our esteemed colleague, in memoriam, Professor Dr. Fernando Amaral da Silveira, due to his valuable contributions to the knowledge of bee taxonomy, especially for the Neotropical and Brazilian bee fauna, and to whom we very honorably dedicate this species and the present paper.

Comments. Species closely related to C. (Calloceratina) mourei n. sp. from which it differs by the sparser punctation on head, metepisternum and T4; metapostnotum basally with a weak median carina; lower interocular distance larger than superior, inner orbits divergent below; metatibia with developed carina (ca. 3 DO); the difference in morphology of T7, S5 and S6 of male. At first glance this species can easily be misunderstood with other bright metallic green species (e.g., C. chloris ) ( Figures 1-2 ), as observed being commonly found with this misidentification in some collections. The resemblance, however, is basically limited by the color of the integument, which is bright metallic green. The sparser punctation, which is uniformly dense in C. chloris (front and vertex with punctures separated by a distance 0.5-1.0 times puncture diameter, Figure 1A ), metapostnotum finely reticulate with a weak median carina ( Figure 5D ), the great asymmetry of dorsoapical teeth of pro and mesotibia and the male terminal structures are unique to the subgenus.

Ceratina (Calloceratina) mourei Mahlmann & Oliveira, F.F. , n. sp.

urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:CF2D522B-9074-42FC-B546-3F79042F82BF

( Figures 7-8 )

Diagnosis. Yellow marks limited to trochanters; clypeus with a narrow median longitudinal, smoothly rough, polished area delimited by coarse punctures, slightly depressed on males; tentorial pit at level of lower tangent of compound eyes,

clypeus weakly protuberant; metapostnotum finely reticulate; metatibia with reduced carina (ca. 2 DO).

Male: Apical margin of T7 almost straight with a short median angular projection; apical margin of S5 broadly emarginate medially ( Figure 8 D-E).

Description. Holotype female ( Figure 7 ): body length 10.7; forewing length 6.9; clypeus approximately 1.5 times as wide as long; ocellocular distance 2.6 OD; ocelloccipital distance 2.5 OD.

Color . Integument evenly bright metallic green including lateral margins of labrum, base of mandible, and anterior inner third of tegula; mandible, labrum, and apical margin of clypeus brownish. Posterior third of pronotum and surface below pronotal lobe light brown. Tegula translucent light brown, veins brown and wing membrane weakly brownish. Legs brownish with strong metallic green reflections. Reddish-brown bands on preapical margins of T2 and T3, interrupted in middle. Pale-yellow stripe on apical margin of outer surface of trochanters.

Pubescence. Mostly whitish, yellowish on labrum, mandible, tarsi, and apex of metasoma. Disc of propodeum with long hairs, areas with short and dense hairs intermingled with long hairs more evenly distributed. T4 and T5 covered with short spatulate whitish setae.

Integumental surface. Punctation denser and conspicuous on lower half of head. Mesosoma with finer and sparser punctation leaving large, polished areas between the punctures, especially on mesoscutum and lower portion of mesepisternum. Metepisternum with a small, polished area near propodeal spiracle. Metapostnotum finely reticulate. Disc of T1-T3 with fine and sparse punctation.

Structure. Tentorial pit at the level of lower tangent of compound eyes, clypeus weakly protuberant in lateral view. Preoccipital carina well developed. Lateral areas of pronotum with strong carina forming lamella. Metatibia with reduced carina. Graduli present on T2 to T4.

Allotype male ( Figure 8 ). Similar to female except as follows: three translucent brown spots at base of labrum; yellow marks on disc of labrum, base of mandible, and a narrow horizontal stripe on apical margin of clypeus; small subtriangular spots on lower paraocular area, over lateral expansions of clypeus absence of spatulate setae on metasoma; lateral margins of T6 with long hairs as long as hairs of T7; apical margin of T7 with long and plumose hairs on sides delimiting a median tuft of shorter and blacker simple hairs; disc of clypeus with a median longitudinal depression delimited by coarse punctures; metatibia with vestigial carina; apical margin of T7 almost straight with a short median angular projection; preapical margin of S5 without acute processes, apical margin broadly emarginate medially; apical margin of S6 with two acute projections, medially with a "star-shaped" notch ( Figure 8F ); genital capsule as in figure 8G. Body length 9.7; forewing length 6.2; clypeus approximately 1.3 times as wide as long; ocellocular distance 2.5 OD; ocelloccipital distance 2 OD. Male terminal structures as in Figure 8 D-G.

Type material. HOLOTYPE ♀. COLOMBIA: Amaz. [Amazonas], Tarapaca , 14 - 30.ix.1976, M. Cooper, B.M. 1976-727 ( NHMUK) . ALLOTYPE ♂. PERU: Loreto, Pucallpa , 20.x.1961, J.M. Schunke, B.M. 1961-64 ( NHMUK). All specimens are in excellent conditions .

Distribution. Colombia (Amazonas); Peru (Pucallpa).

Etymology. The name of this species is a tribute to our esteemed colleague, in memoriam, Professor Dr. Jesus Santiago Moure (popularly known in the academic community as Padre Moure) due to his valuable contributions to the knowledge of bee taxonomy, especially from the Neotropics.

Comments. See comments on C. (Calloceratina) silveirai n. sp.

Figures

Figure 1. Lectotype♀ of Ceratina (Calloceratina) chloris (Fabricius).(A) head in frontal view; (B) lateral habitus; (C) labels attached to the specimen. Scale bar (B) = 5.0 mm. Credit T.Mahlmann.

Figure 2. Male of Ceratina (Calloceratina) chloris (Fabricius). (A) head in frontal view; (B) T7; (C) S5; (D) S6; (E) genital capsule. Scale bar: = 1.0 mm. Credit T.Mahlmann.

Figure 5. Holotype ♀ of Ceratina (Calloceratina) silveirai sp. n. (A) dorsal habitus; (B) lateral habitus; (C) head in frontal view; (D) metapostnotum in dorsal view. Scale bar = 5.0 mm. Credit T.Mahlmann.

Figure 6. (A - C) Allolotype ♂ of Ceratina (Calloceratina) silveirai sp. n. (A) dorsal habitus; (B) lateral habitus; (C) head in frontal view. (D - G) Paratype (m#) of Ceratina (Calloceratina) silveirai sp. n. (D) T7; (E) S5; (F) S6; (G) genital capsule. Scale bars: (A and B = 5.0 mm); (D - F = 1.0 mm); (G = 0.5 mm). Credit T.Mahlmann.

Figure 7. Holotype ♀ of Ceratina (Calloceratina) mourei sp. n. (A) dorsal habitus; (B) lateral habitus; (C) head in frontal view; (D) metapostnotum in dorsal view. Scale bar = 5.0 mm. Credit T.Mahlmann.

Figure 8. Allolotype ♂ of Ceratina (Calloceratina) mourei sp. n. (A) dorsal habitus; (B) lateral habitus; (C) head in frontal view; (D) T7; (E) S5; (F) S6; (G) genital capsule. Scale bars: (A and B = 5.0 mm); (D - F = 1.0 mm); (G = 0.5 mm). Credit T.Mahlmann.