Campanula teutana Bogdanović & Brullo, 2014

Bogdanović, Sandro, Brullo, Salvatore, Rešetnik, Ivana, Satovic, Zlatko & Liber, Zlatko, 2014, Campanula teutana, a new isophyllous Campanula (Campanulaceae) from the Adriatic region, Phytotaxa 162 (1), pp. 1-17 : 9-10

Campanula teutana Bogdanović & Brullo , sp. nov. ( Figs. 6 , 8 )

A Campanula portenschlagiana scapis usque ad 10 cm longis, semper pilosis, foliis basalibus crenato-dentatis margine, dentibus obtusis, petiole 1–5 cm longo, lamina cordata, 9–13 mm longa, 12–16 mm lata, inflorescentia semper simplice, plerumque 4-flora, pedicello florali 5–12 mm longo, dentibus calycinis integris, 5–7 mm longis, semper pilosis, corolla max. 20 mm longa, tubo aequanti lobis, extus pilosa in 5-nervis principalibus, stylo 12–15 mm longo, piloso in dimidio superiore, lamina basali staminorum elliptica, 1.5–1.7 mm longa, dense ciliata margine, ciliis 0.3 mm longis, filamentibus staminorum 2–2.5 mm longis, anthera ex coeruleo alba, breviter apiculata apice, polline albo differt.

Type:— CROATIA. Island of Vis, Oključina: calcareous cliffs near Kraljičina špilja , 23 May 2010, S. Bogdanović s.n. (holotype ZAGR! , isotypes CAT! , ZA! , ZAGR! ).

Plant perennial, densely hairy, with patent and rigid hairs. Rootstock woody, shortly branched, covered by leaf remains, with numerous ascending stems, simple or branched at the base. Stems herbaceous, up to 10 cm long, leafy, ending in usually 4-flowered racemes. Basal leaves are arranged in rosettes, densely covered by rigid hairs 0.1–1 mm long, with 1–5 cm long petioles and cordate blade, dark green, 9–13 mm long, 12–16 mm wide, irregularly dentate-crenate at the margin (2–8 obtuse teeth), with venations pinnate to pinnate-radiate. Cauline leaves similar to the basal ones, gradually decreasing upwards, with petioles 1–10 mm long, and blade cordate to ovate, 4–12 mm long, 3–12 mm wide, irregularly dentate-crenate to subentire at the margin. Floral pedicel 5–12 mm long, densely hairy. Calyx teeth entire, linear-lanceolate, 1-nerved, green-purplish, densely hairy, 5–7 mm long, 1.2–1.5 mm wide, patent to reflexed, acute at the apex. Corolla lilac-blue, campanulate, 16–20 mm long, 22– 24 mm in diameter, glabrous with hairs only outside along the 5 principal veins, tube subconic 9–10 mm long, lobes 8–10 mm long, 6–7 mm wide, ovate-lanceolate, reflexed, with 1 midrib and 2 secondary veins, apex obtuse. Style not exerted from corolla, 12–15 mm long, white below and pale blue above, hairy on the upper half, with 3 stigmas 2.5 mm long. Stamens 5; basal blade elliptical, 1.5–1.7 mm long, 1–1.2 mm wide, densely ciliate at the margin, with cilia 0.3 mm long; filaments glabrous, 2–2.5 mm long, anthers white, tinged with pale blue, 4.5–5 mm long, apiculate at the apex; pollen whitish. Capsule ovoid, 5 mm long, 5-ribbed, densely hairy (hairs 0.5–1.5 mm long), opening by basal pores, with patent calyx teeth, 7–8 mm long. Seeds ovoid, 0.5–0.6 mm long, dark brown, shiny. Chromosome number 2 n = 34.

Paratypes:— CROATIA. Otok Vis, Oključina, stijene iznad Kraljičine špilje , 10.X.2009, S. BogdanoviĆ s.n. ( ZAGR!); Otok Vis, Oključina, Kraljičina špilja, okomite stijene kod ulaza u špilju , 26.IV.2010, S. BogdanoviĆ s.n. ( ZAGR!) .

Etymology:— Named after Teuta, Illyrian queen who governed from 231–228 BC. Inhabitants of the Island of Vis dedicated a cave to queen Teuta. The new taxon was found in the vicinity of the cave.

Distribution and Ecology:— Campanula teutana is known only from the Island of Vis in Central Dalmatia, where it grows on northern slopes near the village Oključina. In this locality it is very rare, occurring exclusively in the calcareous rocky crevices of sea cliffs and particularly in shadier and moister niches, usually covered by a dense moss layer. This species is a true chasmophyte and is a member of a rupestrian community characterized by endemic species such as Limonium subanfractum Trinajstić (1980: 6) and associated with Brassica incana Tenore (1811 –1815: 39), Adiantum capillus-veneris Linnaeus (1753: 1096) , Erica multiflora Linnaeus (1753: 355) and Valantia muralis Linnaeus (1753: 1051) .

Conservation:— At present, Campanula teutana occurs only on one site of the northern slope of the Island Vis. This is a threatened species at risk of extinction with a small population which comprises a small number of individuals (less than 250) restricted to shady niches of cliffs close to the sea. Most individuals grow on inaccessible rock faces. Based on the criteria adopted by IUCN (2010), the species should be included in the Red List of the vascular flora of Croatia as endangered (EN).

Figures

FIGURE 6. Campanula teutana. A, habit; B, cauline leaves; C, leaf apex; D–E, flower; F, calyx; G, stamen; H, stylus; I, capsule; J, seeds. Drawn by Salvatore Brullo.

FIGURE 8. Habit of Campanula teutana from type locality (photo: S. Bogdanović, May 23, 2010).