Cambeva perobana, Martins & Reis & Stabile & Graça, 2024

Martins, Isadora Carolina, Reis, Renan Borges dos, Stabile, Bruno Henrique Mioto & Graça, Weferson Júnio da, 2024, Iterative taxonomy reveals a new species of Cambeva (Siluriformes: Trichomycteridae) with intraspecific variation from the rio Piquiri and Ivaí basin, upper rio Paraná basin, Brazil, Neotropical Ichthyology 22 (3), pp. e 230140-e 230140 : e230140-230140

publication ID	https://doi.org/10.1590/1982-0224-2023-0140
publication LSID	lsid:zoobank.org:pub:26F4E893-8292-4076-ACA0-F294871AC9A5
DOI	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.15547810
persistent identifier	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03BB1E04-FFFB-612A-FCBD-F9FC38DDFA3D
treatment provided by	Felipe
scientific name	Cambeva perobana
status	sp. nov.

Treatment

Cambeva perobana , new species

urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:C0BF9D84-4F67-4B57-8BCA-267A8F608AC9

( Figs. 1–8 View FIGURE 1 View FIGURE 2 View FIGURE 3 View FIGURE 4 View FIGURE 5 View FIGURE 6 View FIGURE 7 View FIGURE 8 ; Tab. 1 View TABLE 1 )

Trichomycterus sp. 1 — Delariva, Silva, 2013:552 (Checklist of fishes from Perobas Biological Reserve).

Trichomycterus sp. 2 — Delariva, Silva, 2013:552 (Checklist of fishes from Perobas Biological Reserve).

Trichomycterus sp. 3 — Delariva, Silva, 2013:552 (Checklist of fishes from Perobas Biological Reserve; partim: NUP 11703).

Trichomycterus sp. — Delariva, Silva, 2014:61 (Checklist of fishes from Perobas Biological Reserve; fig. in p. 61).

Holotype. NUP 23907 , 75.9 mm SL, Brazil, Paraná State, municipality of Tuneiras do Oeste, rio Mouro , tributary of rio Goioerê , rio Piquiri basin, upper rio Paraná basin, 23°52’54”S 52°49’46”W, 15 Jul 2011, A. G. Bifi & G. C. Deprá. GoogleMaps

Paratypes. All from Brazil, Paraná State, upper rio Paraná basin. Rio Ivaí basin: NUP 11020 , 2, 56.1–70.0 mm SL, municipality of Araruna, rio Ligeiro , tributary of rio Ivaí , 23°50’52”S 52°33’47”W, 25 Oct 2010, C. H. Zawadzki, L. Raisi & G. C. Zawadzki. GoogleMaps NUP 11726 , 2, 57.8–71.9 mm SL, municipality of Cianorte, rio dos Índios , 23°51’11”S 52°42’03”W, 6 Dec 2010, R. Delariva. GoogleMaps NUP 24163 , 1, 56.3 mm SL, municipality of Cianorte, rio dos Índios , tributary of rio Ivaí , 23°51’11”S 52°42’03”W, 6 Dec 2010, R. Delariva. GoogleMaps NUP 24274 , 1 c&s, 50.0 mm SL, municipality of Cianorte, rio dos Índios , 23°51’11”S 52°42’03”W, 6 Dec 2010, R. Delariva. GoogleMaps Rio Piquiri basin: MCP 54936 View Materials , 3, 67.6–79.5 mm SL, municipality of Tuneiras do Oeste, rio Mouro , tributary of rio Goioerê , 23°53’10”S 52°49’19”W, 1 May 2017, R. Delariva & C. Larentis. GoogleMaps NUP 11703 , 5, 38.4–67.5 mm SL, municipality of Tuneiras do Oeste, rio Concórdia , tributary of rio Mouro , 23°52’51”S 52°49’56”W, 4 Dec 2010, R. Delariva. GoogleMaps NUP 11707 , 2, 23.3–58.8 mm SL, municipality of Tuneiras do Oeste, rio Concórdia , tributary of rio Piquiri , 23°52’51”S 52°49’56”W, 4 Dec 2010, R. Delariva. GoogleMaps NUP 11712 , 4, 27.3–68.8 mm SL, municipality of Tuneiros do Oeste, rio Mouro , tributary of rio Piquiri , 23°52’07”S 52°48’56”W, 6 Dec 2010, R. Delariva. GoogleMaps NUP 14648 , 5, 22.0– 63.8 mm SL, municipality of Tuneiras do Oeste, rio Saquarema , tributary of rio Piquiri , 23°52’02”S 52°46’30”W, 28 Aug 2011, R. Delariva. GoogleMaps NUP 16051 , 2, 31.0– 58.3 mm SL, municipality of Janiópolis, NN stream, tributary of rio Barreiro , 24°12’44”S 52°47’50”W, 25 Mar 2014, W. J. da Graça, W. M. Domingues, F. A. Teixeira & R. J. da Graça. GoogleMaps NUP 16086 , 1, 52.5 mm SL, municipality of Tuneiras do Oeste, rio Água Cinquenta e Cinco , tributary of rio Goioerê , 23°56’02”S 52°45’52”W, 29 Jan 2014, W. J. da Graça, W. M. Domingues, F. A. Teixeira & R. J. da Graça. GoogleMaps NUP 17219 , 2, 34.5–68.6 mm SL, municipality of Farol, NN stream, tributary of rio Farol , 24°22’45”S 52°40’53”W, 12 Sep 2014, C. H. Zawadzki. GoogleMaps NUP 17223 , 1, 35.0 mm SL, municipality of Farol, rio Farol , tributary of rio Goioerê , 24°22’45”S 52°40’ 54”W, 12 Sep 2014, C. H. Zawadzki. GoogleMaps NUP 17228 , 1, 45.7 mm SL, municipality of Farol, NN stream, tributary of córrego Água da Granada , 24°22’53”S 52°35’58”W, 12 Sep 2014, C. H. Zawadzki. GoogleMaps NUP 17232 , 3, 27.6–43.1 mm SL, municipality of Farol, Córrego Água da Granada , tributary of rio Goioerê , 24°16’55”S 52°41’31”W, 13 Sep 2014, C. H. Zawadzki. GoogleMaps NUP 23908 , 2, 29.0– 68.3 mm SL, municipality of Tuneiras do Oeste, NN stream, tributary of rio Mouro , 23°52’54”S 52°49’46”W, 23 Mar 2022, A. G. Bifi & G. C. Deprá. GoogleMaps NUP 24159 , 2, 60.9–67.5 mm SL, same data as holotype. GoogleMaps NUP 24160 , 1, 41.2 mm SL, municipality of Farol, NN stream, tributary of córrego Água da Granada , 24°22’53”S 52°35’58”W, 12 Sep 2014, C. H. Zawadzki. GoogleMaps NUP 24161 , 1, 49.9 mm SL, municipality of Farol, NN stream, tributary of rio Farol , 24°22’45”S 52°40’53”W, 12 Sep 2014, C. H. Zawadzki. GoogleMaps NUP 24162 , 1, 74.7 mm SL, municipality of Tuneiras do Oeste, rio Água Cinquenta e Cinco , tributary of rio Goioerê , 23°56’02”S 52°45’52”W, 29 Jan 2014, W. J. da Graça, W. M. Domingues, F. A. Teixeira & R. J. da Graça. GoogleMaps NUP 24164 , 2 c&s, 45.7–50.0 mm SL, municipality of Janiópolis, NN stream, tributary of rio Barreiro , 24°12’44”S 52°47’50”W, 25 Mar 2014, W. J. da Graça, W. M. Domingues, F. A. Teixeira & R. J. da Graça. GoogleMaps NUP 24165 , 1, 68.8 mm SL, rio Concórdia , tributary of rio Mouro , 23°52’54”S 52°49’46”W, 15 Jul 2011, A. G. Bifi & G. C. Deprá. GoogleMaps NUP 24166 , 2, 46.0– 63.2 mm SL, rio Mouro , tributary of rio Goioerê , 23°52’54”S 52°49’46”W, 9 Sep 2022, I. C. Martins, Renan B. Reis, B. H. M. Stabile & M. Z. Roloff. GoogleMaps NUP 24167 , 6, 25.9–54.6 mm SL, rio Concórdia , tributary of rio Mouro , 23°53’0.31”S 52°49’52.00”W, 9 Sep 2022, I. C. Martins, R. B. Reis, B. H. M. Stabile & M. Z. Roloff. GoogleMaps NUP 24271 , 1 c&s, 48.1 mm SL, municipality of Tuneiras do Oeste, rio Água Cinquenta e Cinco , tributary of rio Goioerê , 23°56’02”S 52°45’52”W, 29 Jan 2014, W. J. da Graça, W. M. Domingues, F. A. Teixeira & R. J. da Graça. GoogleMaps NUP 24272 , 1 c&s, 50.5 mm SL, municipality of Tuneiras do Oeste, rio Água Cinquenta e Cinco , tributary of rio Goioerê , 23°56’02”S 52°45’52”W, 29 Jan 2014, W. J. da Graça, W. M. Domingues, F. A. Teixeira & R. J. da Graça. GoogleMaps NUP 25070 , 7, 25.7–57.8 mm SL, municipality of Tuneiras do Oeste, rio Concórdia , tributary of rio Mouro , 23°53’03”S 52°49’52”W, 9 Sep 2022, I. C. Martins, R. B. Reis, B. H. M. Stabile & M. Z. Roloff. GoogleMaps NUP 25181 , 3 c&s, 52.4–75.1 mm SL, municipality of Tuneiros do Oeste, rio Mouro , tributary of rio Piquiri , 23°52’07”S 52°48’56”W, 6 Dec 2010, R. Delariva GoogleMaps .

Non-types. CIG 869 , 2, 51.0–67.0 mm SL, municipality of Campo Mourão, rio Mourão , 24°11’18”S 52°22’43”W, 1 Jul 2010, V. A. Frana. GoogleMaps NUP 24273 , 1 c&s, 54.9 mm SL, municipality of Cianorte, rio dos Índios , 23°51’11”S 52°42’03”W, 6 Dec 2010, R. Delariva GoogleMaps .

Additionally, C. perobana can be distinguished from all congeners from the upper rio Paraná and rio Iguaçu basin by the presence of pelvic girdle (vs. absence of pelvic girdle in C. pascuali ); by the long rictal barbel, 40.0–73.0% of HL (vs. short, 12.0–30.0% in C. papillifera , 33.0–40.0% in C. castroi ); by the pelvic fins not reaching the urogenital opening (vs. reaching to anal-fin origin in C. crassicaudata and C. paolence , reaching urogenital opening in C. cauim Reis, Ferrer & Graça, 2021 , C. davisi , C. guareiensis Katz & Costa, 2020 , and C. taroba ); by the caudal fin truncate to rounded (vs. caudal fin forked in C. crassicaudata ; distal margin strongly concave in C. cauim , or slightly concave in C. stawiarski ); by the first pectoral-fin ray not prolonged as a filament (vs. prolonged as a rudimentary filament in C. pascuali , and C. piraquara ; short filament in C. paolence , and some specimens of C. piraquara ; and long filament in C. taroba ); by the color pattern of the caudal fin, presenting blotches, spots, or a homogeneous dark-brown or gray pattern in the proximal region (vs. presenting a pale-yellow to unpigmented stripe in the proximal region in C. castroi , C. diabola , C. difficilis , and C. melanoptera ); by the presence of a narrow mid-lateral stripe in some specimens (vs. presence of four narrow stripes on the body: mid-sagital, mid-dorsal, mid-lateral, and ventro-lateral stripes in C. naipi ); by the shorter head, 17.2–20.6% of SL (vs. longer, 23.8–26.8% of SL in C. igobi ); by the longer pelvic and pectoral fins, 10.3–16.0% of SL and 7.5–9.8%, respectively (vs. 7.7–9.1%, and 5.6–7.3%, respectively, in C. mboycy ); by the color pattern of some specimens, consisting in a dark-gray to dark-brown, becoming lighter towards ventral portion of the body and head, and absence of chromatophores, or some specimens with irregular dark-brown blotches on the inner skin layer, larger than two or three times the diameter of the orbit, sometimes coalescing and forming larger blotches, and an interrupted stripe in the mid-lateral region of the flank, over a plain yellowish to brown background (vs. color pattern consisting in dorsal and lateral surface of body with scattered circular well-defined dark-brown blotches, variable in size in inner skin layer and small black spots on the outer skin layer in C. horacioi ; or lateral and dorsal surface of body with numerous small spots, irregularly distributed, and well-defined dark-brown blotches, larger than orbit diameter, along dorsal and mid-lateral surface of body in C. iheringi ); and by the number of branchiostegal rays (9 vs. 7–8 in C. iheringi ).

Description. Summarized morphometric data of two morphotypes in Tab 1 View TABLE 1 . Body elongate, trunk roughly cylindrical close to head and gradually becoming laterally compressed towards caudal fin. Dorsal profile of trunk slightly convex along anterior half of body to insertion of dorsal fin. Ventral profile of trunk slightly convex. Dorsal and ventral profiles of caudal peduncle slightly convex.

Head depressed, trapezoidal in dorsal view, wider posteriorly and anterior portion slightly rounded. Dorsal and ventral profiles of head straight to slightly convex in lateral view. Eyes located dorsolaterally on anterior region of head, at same longitudinal line of nasal barbel. Eyes with a round to elliptical shape anteroposteriorly, covered by thin and translucent skin. Orbital rim not free. Eyes visible from lateral view.

Anterior nostril slightly smaller than diameter of eye, surrounded by flap of integument posterolaterally continuous with base of nasal barbel. Posterior nostril slightly smaller than diameter of eye, surrounded anterolaterally by thin flap of integument. Gill openings not constricted, forming free fold reaching pectoral-fin insertion. Mouth subterminal and slightly curved with corners posteriorly oriented in ventral view. Upper lip thicker laterally. Lower lip with conspicuous fleshy lobes at corners of mouth, continuous with base of rictal barbels. Lips with small rounded papillae of approximately same size.

Barbels with broad bases, tapering gradually towards tips. Nasal barbel emerging from posterolateral region of anterior nostril with tip surpassing infraorbital pores i10 when adpressed to head. Maxillary barbel emerging from corner of mouth with tip reaching to anterior region of interopercular odontodophore when adpressed to head. Rictal barbel emerging from corner of mouth, shorter than maxillary barbel.

Pectoral fin with distal margin rounded, I,6*(40), first ray unbranched, not prolonged as filament. Pelvic fin with distal margin rounded, not covering anterior margin of urogenital papilla; with I,4* rays (40). Pelvic-fin insertion anterior to dorsal-fin origin. Inner margins of pelvic fins close basally. Urogenital papilla closer to distal margin of pelvic fin than to origin of anal fin. Dorsal fin with distal margin rounded, ii(5), II,7* rays (40). Origin of dorsal fin located at vertical through last third of pelvic fin. Anal fin elongated with distal margin rounded and slightly smaller than dorsal fin, ii(5), II,5*(29) or II,6(11) rays. Origin of anal fin located at vertical through half or last third of dorsal-fin base. Caudal fin with distal margin rounded or truncate in specimens smaller than 35.0 mm SL; upper caudal plate with I,5* rays (40), lower caudal plate with I,6* rays (40).

Osteology. Mesethmoid with anterior margin straight to slightly concave and cornua short, with tapering distal ends. Anterior cranial fontanel restricted to small, rounded opening situated between frontals and epiphyseal bar. Posterior cranial fontanel long and wide extending from posterior portion of frontals to parieto-supraoccipital. Epiphyseal bar longer than wide. Antorbital anteriorly expanded and posteriorly elongated, extending over anterior third of autopalatine. Barbular bone elongate, with medial process in anterior third. Sphenotic, prootic, and pterosphenoid fused, anterior portion anterolaterally directed in dorsal view ( Fig. 2 View FIGURE 2 ). Vomer arrow-shaped with long posterior process extending to parasphenoid. Parasphenoid with long and pointed posterior process extending to basioccipital. Weberian capsule with lateral openings and anterior margin fused to the basioccipital.

Premaxilla rectangular with 38 or 40 (2) spatulate to conical teeth similar in size and roughly distributed in four irregular rows. Dentary teeth extending from coronoid process base to near dentary symphysis ( Figs. 3A–B View FIGURE 3 ). Maxilla boomerang-shaped, shorter than premaxilla. Autopalatine with lateral margin concave; anterior margin slightly convex; medial margin slightly concave and long posterior process extending over posterior portion of metapterygoid. Metapterygoid large and laminar, connected to quadrate through cartilage; posterior portion with notch (arrow in Figs. 3C–D View FIGURE 3 ). Quadrate L-shaped with concavity in anterior portion. Hyomandibula well developed, dorsal margin with concavity ( Figs. 3C–D View FIGURE 3 ). Opercle longer than interopercle. Opercular odotodophores ovoid to rounded with 13 (2) conical odontodes, gradually curving medially and increasing in size posteriorly, arranged in five irregular transverse rows. Interopercular patch of odontodes elongate with 28 or 29 (2) conical odontodes, arranged in two transverse rows.

Ventral hypohyal trapezoid-shaped. Anterior ceratohyal elongate and wider at anterior and posterior ends. Posterior ceratohyal short, triangular, with rounded tips. Nine branchiostegal rays (2): six in contact with anterior ceratohyal, one with interceratohyal cartilage, and two with posterior ceratohyal. Four posteriormost branchiostegal rays wider distally ( Figs. 4A–B View FIGURE 4 ). Urohyal with expanded anterior head, two elongate lateral processes with wide bases and decreasing in width distally with rounded tips, and sharp and elongated posterior process. Posterior process of urohyal shorter than lateral processes.

Basibranchials 2 and 3 elongated, connected by cartilage; basibranchial 2 slightly wider than basibranchial 3. Basibranchial 4 hexagonal and entirely cartilaginous. Hypobranchial 1 elongated, with cartilaginous tips, approximately of same size than basibranchial 2. Hypobranchials 2 and 3 with narrow anterolateral ossified processes with large area of cartilage posteriorly; hypobranchials 2 and 3 equal in size. Five elongate ceratobranchials with cartilaginous tips. Ceratobranchial 3 with prominent concavity on posterior margin. Ceratobranchial 5 with 16 or 20 (2) conical, elongated, and pointed teeth, arranged in three irregular rows. Four epibranchials; anteriormost three elongated and narrow. Epibranchials 1 L shaped, with anterior pointed process; epibranchial 2 with mesial-anterior and distal-posterior process; epibranchial 3 with wider process on distal-posterior margin, slightly curved mesially. Epibranchial 4 rectangular. Pharyngobranchial 3 straight and elongated, shorter than hypobranchial 1. Pharyngobranchial 4 ossified and connected to curved plate with 23 or 28 (2) conical, elongated, and pointed teeth, arranged in up to three irregular rows; teeth increasing in size posteriorly ( Figs. 4C–D View FIGURE 4 ).

Dorsal fin with eight pterygiophores (4) or seven (2), first inserted anterior to neural spine of 18 th or 19 th post-weberian vertebrae. Anal fin with six pterygiophores (6), first inserted anterior to hemal spine of 22 nd post-weberian vertebrae. Procurrent caudal-fin rays 17(1), 18(1), or 19(4) dorsally and 12(1), 13(2), or 14(22) ventrally. Upper caudal plate with one unbranched ray and five branched rays; hypural 3 free and hypurals 4 and 5 fused to each other. Single lower caudal plate with one unbranched ray and six branched rays. Parhypural and hypurals 1 and 2 co-ossified and fused to compound caudal centrum. Post weberian vertebrae 34(1), 35(1), 36(3), 37(3), ribs 13(4), or 15(1).

Laterosensory system. Laterosensory canals with simple (non-dendritic) branches ending in single pores. Nasal and frontal branches of supraorbital canal continuous, with three paired pores s1, s3, and s6. Supraorbital pore s1 located at posterior portion of anterior nostrils, pore s3 at same longitudinal line of pore s1, posteriorly to posterior nostrils, and pore s6 aligned with posterior margin of eyes. Antorbital segment of infraorbital canal absent. Sphenotic canal present with two pores, i10 located behind eyes, and i11 located laterally to posterior margin of eye. Otic and postotic canals present with two pores associated: po1 located anterolaterally to opercular odontodophore and po2 located laterally to half-length of opercular odontodophore. Lateral line canal short with two* (36) pores located above pectoral-fin insertion and posterior to gill opening.

Coloration in alcohol. We differentiated two morphotypes for Cambeva perobana .

Morphotype I. Background of body and head consisting in a dark-gray to dark-brown coloration, becoming lighter towards ventral portion of body and head. Chromatophores slightly concentrated on dorsum, humeral, occipital, and opercular and interopercular regions. Some specimens with inconspicuous narrow dark-brown mid-lateral stripe, sometimes interrupted, extending from opercular odontodophores to base of caudal-fin rays ( Figs. 1 View FIGURE 1 , 5A–C View FIGURE 5 ). Pectoral, anal, dorsal, and caudal fins with dark brown pigmentation, concentrated in proximal region in specimens larger than 40.0 mm SL. Pelvic fin unpigmented. Specimens smaller than 40.0 mm SL without pigmentation in all fins. Barbels with dark-brown pigmentation concentrated on dorsal surface.

Morphotype II. Background of body and head consisting in a yellowish to darkbrown coloration, becoming lighter towards ventral portion of body and head. Lateral and dorsal surface of body and head with irregular dark-brown blotches larger than two or three times orbit diameter, on inner skin layer, sometimes coalescing and forming larger irregular blotches. Some specimens with inconspicuous narrow dark-brown mid-lateral stripe, sometimes interrupted, extending from opercular odontodophore to base of caudal-fin rays ( Figs. 5D, E View FIGURE 5 ). Pectoral, anal, dorsal, and caudal fins with dark brown spots in specimens larger than 40.0 mm SL. Pelvic fin unpigmented. Barbels with dark-brown pigmentation concentrated on dorsal surface.

Coloration in life. Similar to coloration in alcohol. In morphotype I, dark-gray to brown pigmentation more intense on flank and base of dorsal, anal, and pectoral fins ( Fig. 6 View FIGURE 6 ).

Molecular data. A total of 82 COI gene sequences (573 bp) were used in this study, including three of the newly described species (632 bp), corresponding to two sequences from morphotype I (NUP 24166, NUP 24167), and one sequence from morphotype II (NUP 25070). The final alignment revealed 142 polymorphic sites, of which 109 were informative. Genetic distances (K2P) between groups showed that Cambeva perobana had a distance of 1.2–1.4% from C. davisi and 1.6–1.8% from C. stawiarski . Full genetic distance results are listed in Tab. S3.

The best substitution models according to BIC were GTR+ R for the ML tree and the TN+F+I+G4 for the Bayesian tree, both showed that Cambeva perobana formed a monophyletic group with C. davisi (from rio Iguaçu basin), sequences identified as C. barbosae (from rio Cubatão do Sul basin), and C. diabola (from rio Paranapanema basin) as sister groups. The last two species formed a cluster with variably internested sequences. Three out of the four delimitation methods tested supported the assignment of C. perobana as a distinct species. Only GMYC lumped it together with C. davisi , C. barbosae , and C. diabola ( Fig. 7 View FIGURE 7 ).

Geographical distribution. Cambeva perobana is known from the upper section of Paraná System, Paraná State, Brazil, in the rio Piquiri basin: rio Mouro (type-locality), rio Água Cinquenta e Cinco, rio Concórdia, rio Barreiro, rio Farol, rio Saquarema, Córrego Água da Granada, and stream tributaries of rio Goioerê, and in the rio Ivaí basin: rio dos Índios and rio Ligeiro ( Fig. 8 View FIGURE 8 ).

Ecological notes. The type-locality of Cambeva perobana is located at an elevation of 450 m, and the other localities are at 410 to 645 m above sea level. Substrate was composed of pebbles and rocks of 1 to 4 cm, and sand. The marginal vegetation was composed of predominant bushes and grassy banks ( Fig. 9 View FIGURE 9 ), where the specimens were found. The streams are surrounded by riparian vegetation, but only part of the rivers are inside the Perobas Biological Reserve. The new species was found in sympatry at the type-locality with Ancistrus sp. , Cetopsorhamdia iheringi Schubart & Gomes, 1959 , Characidium gomesi Travassos, 1956 , Cichlasoma paranaense Kullander, 1983 , Corydoras aeneus (Gill, 1858) , Gymnotus inaequilabiatus (Valenciennes, 1839) , Heptapterus sp. , Hisonotus pachysarkos Zawadzki, Roxo & da Graça, 2016 , Hypostomus ancistroides (Ihering, 1911) , Neoplecostomus sp. , and Rhamdia aff. quelen (Quoy & Gaimard, 1824) .

Etymology. The specific epithet “ perobana ” is in allusion to the “Reserva Biológica das Perobas”, a conservation unit in the Paraná State, Brazil, and the area of the typelocality of the new species. The feminine Latin suffix “-ana”, which mens pertaining to, is added to the singular noun “Peroba”. An adjective.

Conservation status. Cambeva perobana is found in streams of the Reserva Biológica das Perobas, which is a Federal Conservation Unit and the major reminiscent forest in northwest Paraná, Brazil ( Delariva, Silva, 2013), although there are pastures and crops, which can result in contamination of its water bodies by agricultural pollutants. Furthermore, some streams located in the vicinity of the reserve show apparent degradation, due to pollution from solid waste, however, we were not able to measure these impacts on C. perobana populations. The new species has an EOO of 1,863 km ² (<20,000 km ² in criteria B1), and an AOO of 44 km ² (<2,000 km ² in criteria B2). Although, C. perobana does not meet any other condition of this criteria, the new species can be classified as Least Concern (LC), according to the IUCN criteria and categories (IUCN Standards and Petitions Committee, 2024).

Morphometric analysis. The principal component analysis (PCA) returned the axis of component 1 with 26.6% of variation, component 2 with 16.1%, and component 3 with 11.9% of variation, totaling 54.6% of variation. There is a large overlap between Morphotypes I and II and no tendency of discrimination between them ( Fig. 10 View FIGURE 10 ). Measurements with higher positive loadings for PC1 are supraorbital pores s6 distance and pelvic-fin length, for PC2 are nasal-barbel length and supraorbital pores s6 distance, and for PC3 are pelvic-anal distance and anal-fin length ( Tab. 2 View TABLE 2 ).

Percent of standard length
		Morphotype I			Morphotype II
	Holotype	Min-Max	Mean	SD	Min-Max	Mean	SD
Standard length (mm)	75.9	27.60–79.50	58.30	–	29.09–74.78	51.42	–
Trunk	41.3	36.5–45.3	41.7	2.04	39.9–41.9	41.2	0.82
Preanal length	71.7	69.7–78.0	73.6	2.11	70.2–72.6	71.1	1.32
Prepelvic length	57.4	54.9–61.4	57.8	1.83	55.7–59.0	57.0	1.23
Pelvic-anal fins distance	14.7	7.7–17.3	14.3	2.09	13.1–15.5	14.4	1.62
Caudal-peduncle length	17.2	15.3–22.4	18.7	1.73	19.7–22.0	21.0	1.40
Scapular-girdle width	13.6	12.9–18.5	15.5	1.34	14.7–16.8	15.7	0.74
Pectoral-fin length	13.3	10.3–16.0	12.7	1.31	11.4–15.6	13.6	1.48
Pelvic-fin length	7.8	7.5–9.7	8.6	0.66	7.8–9.8	8.8	0.69
Anal-fin length	15.4	13.3–16.4	15.1	0.82	14.5–16.3	15.4	1.09
Head length	18.0	17.2–20.6	18.9	0.82	17.2–20.5	18.8	1.38
Predorsal length	66.1	63.3–69.8	66.5	1.82	63.4–66.9	65.0	1.74
Body length	80.9	79.6–86.1	83.2	1.92	84.1–86.0	84.9	1.99
Dorsal-fin length	16.4	13.1–18.5	16.6	1.21	16.1–18.4	17.2	1.43
Body depth	15.7	13.2–18.5	15.4	1.38	13.4–16.4	15.2	1.27
Dorsal-fin base length	11.0	8.2–12.5	10.6	1.09	9.9–12.1	10.9	0.84
Anal-fin base length	9.1	6.8–12.9	9.0	1.24	7.4–10.2	8.6	0.87
Caudal-peduncle depth	13.7	11.0–16.2	13.4	1.10	11.3–15.0	13.2	1.01
Percent of head length
Head width	74.2	73.8–89.3	81.7	4.69	76.4–88.0	81.1	5.43
Nasal-barbel length	44.8	36.9–74.3	50.8	9.93	50.4–64.0	56.0	4.87
Maxillary-barbel length	53.5	46.7–78.5	57.1	7.57	47.1–63.2	53.6	4.87
Rictal-barbel length	40.6	40.6–73.0	56.8	8.56	44.2–56.8	50.8	5.32
Snout length	44.0	34.9–52.4	42.3	3.54	40.3–44.7	42.4	2.20
Interorbital	20.1	20.1–29.9	25.1	2.53	21.5–25.3	23.6	1.76
Mouth width	41.7	34.9–53.0	45.4	4.49	34.4–52.9	45.8	4.90
Eye diameter	6.3	6.3–14.2	8.6	1.80	7.7–11.8	9.5	1.39
Supraorbital pores s6 distance	12.5	6.6–19.3	12.0	3.04	11.6–15.5	13.4	1.91

Abbreviations

R	Departamento de Geologia, Universidad de Chile

Copyright notice

No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.

Taxonomy

Kingdom	Animalia
Phylum	Chordata
Class	Actinopterygii
Order	Siluriformes
Family	Trichomycteridae
Genus	Cambeva