Bryopharsos asymmetricum Jaume-Schinkel, 2025

Jaume-Schinkel, Santiago, Kilian, Isabel C., Pazmiño-Palomino, Alex & Mengual, Ximo, 2025, Revision of the genus Bryopharsos Quate, 1996 (Diptera: Psychodidae) with the description of nine new species, European Journal of Taxonomy 1001 (1), pp. 1-51 : 8-10

Bryopharsos asymmetricum Jaume-Schinkel sp. nov.

urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:40B57D7B-F290-4EF5-A80D-D7E78C86F1EC

Figs 1 , 4–5

Diagnosis

Male

Eye bridge with five facet rows ( Fig. 4A ); wing 2.2 times as long as wide; ejaculatory apodeme convex in ventral view; gonocoxal apodeme with spine projection; surstyli with 2 or 3 tenacula; aedeagus digitiform and evenly tapering towards apex ( Fig. 4C ). This species is similar to B. tritaleum , but they can be differentiated by the number of tenacula (three in B. tritaleum , some specimens with three tenacula on one surstylus in B. asymmetricum sp. nov. but the remaining with two tenacula), the number of facet rows in the eye bridge (four in B. tritaleum , five in B. asymmetricum ), and the length of the ejaculatory apodeme (about as long as the aedeagus in B. tritaleum , shorter than the aedeagus in B. asymmetricum ).

Female

Unknown.

Etymology

The specific name ʻ asymmetricum ʼ derives from the Greek word ʻσυμμετρικόςʼ (symetrikós) with the Greek prefix ʻἀ-ʼ (without), and it referrs to the asymmetrical number of apical tenacula on the surstyli. Specific name to be treated as an adjective.

Type material

Holotype

ECUADOR – Pichincha • ♂; Pedro Vicente Maldonado, Parroquia Pedro Vicente Maldonado, near San Pancracio , roadway to Pachijal ; 0.11561° N, 78.95805° E; alt. 750 m; 1–9 Feb. 2022; Isabel Kilian leg.; MECN, ZFMK-TIS-2637130.

Paratypes

ECUADOR – Pichincha • 9 ♂♂; same data as for holotype; ZFMK, ZFMK-TIS-2629868, ZFMK- TIS-2629902, ZFMK-TIS-2636934, ZFMK-TIS-2637062, ZFMK-TIS-2637064, ZFMK-TIS-2637068 ,

ZFMK-TIS-2637077, ZFMK-TIS-2637115, ZFMK-TIS-2637127 • 1 ♂; same data as for holotype; MECN, ZFMK-TIS-2637149 .

Description

MEASUREMENTS. In mm (n = 6). Wing length: 1.90 (1.95–1.80), wing width: 0.85 (0.90–0.80); head length: 0.50 (0.50–0.45), head width: 0.40 (0.47–0.38); antennal segments ( Fig. 4B ): scape: 0.11 (0.11–0.10), pedicel: 0.06 (0.06–0.05), flagellomeres 1–5: 0.1 (0.12–0.11); palpal segment 1: 0.05 (0.5–0.05), palpal segment 2: 0.07 (0.08–0.06), palpal segment 3: 0.07 (0.08–0.07), palpal segment 4: 0.08 (0.08–0.07).

Holotype male

HEAD ( Fig. 4A ). Slightly longer than wide; eye bridge contiguous with five rows of facets, interocular suture absent ( Fig. 4A ); post-ocular alveoli not enlarged and non-distinguishable from the remaining alveoli on the head; the frontal patch of alveoli not divided, upper margin with a concavity in the middle, lower margin rounded. Antennal scape about two times as long as pedicel, almost cylindrical; pedicel spherical, smaller than scape; flagellomeres asymmetrical and nodiform, with scattered setae on the basal half surface, apical flagellomeres absent in examined material, the maximum number of flagellomeres present five; ascoids rectangular and broad, about the same length, and about two times as wide as flagellomere carrying them. Palpal segments cylindrical, palpal segment 4 with pointed apex, palpal proportions: 1.0:1.5:1.5:1.6; labium without any strong sclerite; labella bulbous with seven three setae on outer margin and two setae on inner margin.

THORAX. Without allurement organs; all coxae with a stripe of three to five rows of alveoli. Wing length about 2.2 times its width; wing membrane brown-hyaline; alveoli distributed uniformly on wing membrane; subcostal vein short ending beyond the origin of R 4; fork of R 2+3 at the same level as M 1+2 and joining R 4; fork of M 1+2 weak; R 5 ending at the wing apex; CuA 2 ending at wing margin.

TERMINALIA ( Figs 4C , 5 ). Hypandrium is a distinct band that connects the gonocoxites, broad and plate-like; gonocoxites about the same length as gonostyli, gonostyli slightly incurved, with rounded-blunt apex; aedeagus digitiform, apex rounded, with an additional digitiform paramere, paramere evenly narrowing towards the apex, longer than aedeagus; ejaculatory apodeme shorter than aedeagus, basal margin convex; gonocoxal apodemes projected anteriorly as a trapezoidal plate, fused; epandrium narrow, about three times wider than long, with posterior margin concave; hypoproct tongue-shaped, longer than epandrium and covered in small setulae, epiproct shorter than hypoproct; surstyli evenly tapering towards the apex and curved, one with three apical tenacula, the other with two tenacula, tenacula with rounded apex.

Distribution

Only known from the type locality in Ecuador ( Fig. 1 ).

DNA barcodes

Eleven specimens were successfully sequenced: ZFMK-TIS-2629868, ZFMK-TIS-2629902, ZFMK- TIS-2636934, ZFMK-TIS-2637062, ZFMK-TIS-2637064, ZFMK-TIS-2637068, ZFMK-TIS-2637077, ZFMK-TIS-2637115, ZFMK-TIS-2637127, ZFMK-TIS-2637130, ZFMK-TIS-2637149. All eleven obtained sequences are identical.

Remarks

The holotype and paragypes ZFMK-TIS-2629868, ZFMK-TIS-2637115, and ZFMK-TIS-2637149 have three tenacula in one surstylus and two in the other, while the paratypes ZFMK-TIS-2629902 and ZFMK- TIS-2637127 only present two tenacula on both surstyli (no empty alveoli for a missing tenaculum is distinguishable), which leads us to believe this character is variable. The presence of one tenaculum in one surstylus and two on the other has also been recorded in the holotype of B. paulistensis ( Bravo & Araujo 2019: fig. 24). Furthermore, the spine in the gonocoxal apodeme is present either on the right side or on the left side, which is also a variable character inside the examined material. Nonetheless, the COI sequence of all specimens is identical, supporting our hypothesis that all the specimens belong to the same species.

Figures

Fig. 1. Species distribution map. Species dots do not represent the actual localities; jitter was added for visualization as the species’ real distributions overlap.

Fig. 4. Bryopharsos asymmetricum Jaume-Schinkel sp. nov., holotype, ♂ (MECN, ZFMK-TIS-2637130). A. Head. B. Antennal segments. C. Terminalia (ventral view). Abbreviations: aed = aedeagus; asc = ascoids; eja = ejaculatory apodeme; fglm = flagellomere; gns = gonostylus; gnx = gonocoxite; gnx lb = gonocoxal lobes; gnx sp = spine of the gonocoxal lobes; par = paramere; surs = surstyli; ten = tenacula. All scale bars are in millimeters.

Fig. 5. Bryopharsos asymmetricum Jaume-Schinkel sp. nov., holotype, ♂ (MECN, ZFMK-TIS-2637130); terminalia (ventral view). Abbreviations: aed = aedeagus; eja = ejaculatory apodeme; gns = gonostylus; gnx = gonocoxite; gnx lb = gonocoxal lobes; gnx sp = spine of the gonocoxal lobes; hyp = hypandrium; par = paramere; surs = surstyli. Scale bar in millimeters.