Bactrocera (Bactrocera) melanobivittata Doorenweerd, 2025

Doorenweerd, Camiel, Chung, Arthur Y. C., Mustapeng, Andi Maryani A. & Rubinoff, Daniel, 2025, The Dacini fruit flies of Borneo: an annotated checklist with 89 species including three new to science (Tephritidae, Dacinae), ZooKeys 1240, pp. 305-325 : 305-325

Bactrocera (Bactrocera) melanobivittata Doorenweerd sp. nov.

Fig. 2

Type material.

Holotype. Male. “ Malaysia: Sabah. 3–5. xii. 2018. Danum Valley access rd. 4.9683"N, 117.8173"E. Methyl eugenol trap FF 18 Ma 065. Leg. D. Rubinoff & C. Doorenweerd. DNA sample ms 12171 ”. Deposited at the University of Hawaii Insect Museum reg. no. UHIM.ms 12171 . Paratype. One male. “ Malaysia, Sabah. 2–4. viii. 2019. Maliau Basin: camp Agathis trail . 4.7079"N, 116.8947"E. Methyl eugenol trap FF 19 Ma 036. Leg. D. Rubinoff & C. Doorenweerd. DNA sample ms 08978. ” Deposited at the Sabah Forestry Department Insect Collection, reg. no. UHIM.ms 08978 .

Differential diagnosis.

The two lateral longitudinal red stripes on the black scutum distinguish B. melanobivittata from most other Bactrocera . The most similar species is B. bivittata Lin & Wang , but B. melanobivittata can be distinguished by having a scutum that is almost completely black except for two longitudinal red stripes, and the yellow postsutural vittae. There is intraspecific variation in the amount of black on the scutum in B. bivittata (Fig. 3 ) but the red stripes are obscured in darker colored specimens of B. bivittata whereas they are of roughly equal width and clearly contrasting in B. melanobivittata . Bactrocera melanobivittata can be distinguished from B. ellenriederae , which also has two red stripes on the scutum, by the costal band on the wing that ends between vein R 4 + 5 and M, while the costal band of B. ellenriederae reaches vein M, and B. melanobivittata is distinguished from B. youngi by having only the anterior lateral corners of tergite IV black, whereas B. youngi has the lateral quarters of tergite IV black. The most similar species in Borneo is B. lateritaenia , which can be distinguished by having tapering yellow postsutural vittae, which are parallel in B. melanobivittata .

Molecular diagnostics.

The COI - 5 P 3 P sequences of ms 12171 and ms 08978 are most similar to sequences of Bactrocera bivittata , but at 6.5 % minimum pairwise difference ( Doorenweerd et al. 2024 b).

Description.

Male. Head (Fig. 2 C ). Fulvous with oval black spots in the antennal furrows. Antennal segments fulvous to dark fulvous distally, combined length less than the height of the head. Thorax (Fig. 2 A, B, D, E ). Scutum and pleural areas all black with narrow red-brown areas surrounding the yellow markings. Two lateral longitudinal red stripes reach from the anterior of the scutum to half-way of the postsutural yellow vittae. Yellow markings: postpronotal lobes; notopleura; presutural area adjacent to notopleura; postsutural yellow lateral vittae of equal width throughout and reach just past intra-alar seta; mesopleural stripe dorsally wider than notopleuron but does not reach postpronotal lobe; anatergite and katatergite. Scutellum yellow with a narrow black basal band. Setae: one pair scutellar; one pair prescutellar; one pair intra-alar; one pair posterior supra-alar; one pair anterior supra-alar; two pair notopleural and four scapular. Abdomen (Fig. 2 B, D, E, G ). Diamond-shaped; terga free; pecten of setae on tergum III present. Dorsal side of abdomen fulvous with a black ‘ T’ on segments III – V, the medial line narrows posteriorly to a point on segment V. Anterolateral corners of segment IV black. Ceromata brown. Posterior lobe of the male surstylus short (Fig. 2 G ). Sternum V with a narrow concavity on the posterior margin. Legs (Fig. 2 D ). All femora and tibia fulvous. Wings (Fig. 2 F ). Wing length 6.5 mm. Cells bc and c clear, faint tint in cell sc. Costal band confluent with vein R 2 + 3 and continues at more or less the same width until just past where vein R 4 + 5 reaches the costa. Anal streak absent, vein CuA 2 and A 1 merge at ~ 0.8 length of A 1. Supernumerary lobe not pronounced, inconspicuous. Female. Unknown.

Male lure. Methyl eugenol.

Host plant.

Unknown.

Etymology.

The species epithet is a compound adjective formed from the Latin melano, meaning dark, and its nearest sister species B. bivittata, because it has an overall darker appearance of the latter.

Comments.

Bactrocera melanobivittata was included as B. ‘ spMalaysia 05 ’ in the DNA barcoding study of Doorenweerd et al. (2024 b). It is placed in subgenus Bactrocera based on having a short posterior lobe of the male surstylus, sternum V has a narrow concavity on the posterior margin, lateral postsutural yellow vitta present, medial vitta is absent, one pair of prescutellar setae and the presence of a pair of anterior supra-alar seta.

Figures

Figure 2. Holotype male of Bactrocera melanobivittata sp. nov., UHIM. ms 12171 A dorsal view of head and thorax B dorsal view of abdomen C anterior view of the head D lateral view of habitus E posterior view of abdomen showing the ceromata F left wing, dissected and slide mounted G detail image of the genitalia showing the surstylus length.

Figure 3. Variation in dorsal scutum coloration of Bactrocera bivittata, sister species to B. melanobivittata sp. nov. Specimens from China and Laos, photographed in ethanol. University of Hawaii Insect Museum specimen identifiers, from left to right, top to bottom: ms 03606, ms 01304, ms 03607, ms 01305, ms 03604, ms 03609, ms 03608, and ms 01790.