Annulohypoxylon bahnphadengense J. Fourn. & M. Stadler

Rathnayaka, Achala R., Chethana, K. W. Thilini, Manowong, Areerat, Bhagya, Amuhenage T., Win, Hsan, Tun, Zaw L., Mapook, Ausana & Hyde, Kevin D., 2025, Taxonomy, phylogeny, and bioactive potential of Xylariales (Sordariomycetes, Ascomycota) from Thailand: novel species discovery, new host and geographical records, and antibacterial properties, MycoKeys 120, pp. 35-117 : 35-117

Annulohypoxylon bahnphadengense J. Fourn. & M. Stadler , Fungal Diversity 40: 30 (2010)

Fig. 4

Description.

Saprobic on the dead wood of Berrya cordifolia . Sexual morph: Ascostromata 3–14 × 2–10 × 0.5– 0.2 mm (x ̄ = 7 × 6 × 0.3 mm, n = 8), effused-applanate, superficial, pulvinate to hemispherical, clustered, hard-textured, shiny, surface black, carbonaceous. Ascomata 0.5–3.5 mm high × 0.3–0.5 mm diam. (x ̄ = 2 × 0.4 mm, n = 15), immersed in the stroma, subglobose to globose, black, ostiolate, papillate, encircled with a flattened truncatum-type disc 0.2–0.25 mm diam. (x ̄ = 0.22 mm, n = 10). Peridium 40–60 μm wide, composed of several layers of hyaline to dark brown cells of textura angularis. Hamathecium 4–6 μm wide, comprising long, hyaline, unbranched, septate paraphyses. Asci 54–130 × 3–5 μm (x ̄ = 94 × 4.5 μm, n = 20), 8 - spored, unitunicate, cylindrical, short pedicellate, with an apical ring bluing in Melzer’s reagent. Ascospores 6–8 × 3–4 μm (x ̄ = 7.5 × 3.5 μm, n = 40), uniseriate, one-celled, inequilaterally ellipsoidal, with narrowly rounded ends, hyaline when immature, becoming light brown to dark brown at maturity, guttulate. Asexual morph: Undetermined.

Culture characters.

Ascospores germinated on the PDA within 24 hours at 25 ° C. Germ tubes are produced from both sides of the ascospore. Colonies on the PDA reaching 2.0– 2.5 cm diam. after six days at 25 ° C, circular in shape, white at first, cottony, white color in the front view, brown in the middle, and pale brown at the margin in the reverse view.

Material examined.

Thailand • Chiang Rai, Phan District, Sai Khao, forest area near Wat Udom Waree , on decaying wood of Berrya cordifolia ( Malvaceae ), 05 July 2024, Achala Rathnayaka, AA 28 ( MFLU 24-0526 ); living culture MFLUCC 24-0608 .

Known distribution and hosts.

China (decaying wood) ( Ke et al. 2024); Thailand (dead bark or wood, Berrya cordifolia ) ( Fournier et al. 2010 b; this study).

Notes.

Morphologically, our collection ( MFLUCC 24-0608 ) shows similar characteristics to the holotype of A. bahnphadengense ( MFU 08-1552 ), including shiny, black, carbonaceous ascostromata; 8 - spored, cylindrical, short-pedicellate asci with an apical ring bluing in Melzer’s reagent; and uniseriate, one-celled, inequilaterally ellipsoidal, ascospores with narrowly rounded ends ( Fournier et al. 2010 b). According to the multi-gene phylogenetic analyses (ITS, LSU, β-tub, and rpb 2), our strain ( MFLUCC 24-0608 ) clusters with the ex-type strain of A. bahnphadengense ( STMA 13115 ) with 89 % ML bootstrap and 0.84 PP support (Fig. 3 ). Based on the morpho-molecular evidence, we identified our collection as a new host record of A. bahnphadengense on Berrya cordifolia in Thailand.

Figures

Figure 3. Phylogram generated from ML analysis based on the combined dataset of ITS, LSU, β-tub, and rpb 2. The tree is rooted to Biscogniauxia petrensis (HKAS 102388). Bootstrap support values for ML ≥ 70 % and Bayesian posterior probabilities (PP) ≥ 0.90 are noted at the nodes. Strain numbers are noted after the species names. Strains isolated in this study are represented in blue, and type strains are in bold.

Figure 4. Annulohypoxylon bahnphadengense on dead wood of Berrya cordifolia (MFLU 24-0526, a new host record). a. Substrate; b, c. Appearance of ascostromata on host; d, e. Horizontal section through ascomata (arrow shows the ostiolar disc); f. Peridium; g. Paraphyses; h – m. Asci; n. Apical apparatus stained blue with Melzer’s reagent; o – q. Ascospores; r. Germinated ascospores; s, t. Colony on the PDA (s upper, t lower). Scale bars: 2 mm (b); 1 mm (c); 500 μm (d); 200 μm (e); 20 μm (f, g, i – m); 10 μm (h, r); 5 μm (n – q).