Hypolissoceras, Breistroffer, 1947

Vašíček, Zdeněk & Skupien, Petr, 2025, Revision of haploceratid ammonoids from the Štramberk Limestone, Jurassic-Cretaceous boundary beds (Outer Western Carpathians), Acta Palaeontologica Polonica 70 (3), pp. 421-441 : 432-435

Hypolissoceras carachtheis ( Zejszner, 1846)

Figs. 3D , 8G–J.

1846 Ammonites carachtheis Zejszner 1846 : pl. 4: 1a–d.

1868 Ammonites carachtheis Zeuschner ; Zittel 1868: 84, pl. 15: 1a-e,?2a, b,?3a, b.

1879 Haploceras carachtheis Zeuschner ; Fontannes 1879: 10, pl. 2: 3a, b.

1880 Ammonites (Haploceras) carachtheis, Zeuschner ; Favre 1880: 29, pl. 2: 10.

1890 Haploceras carachtheis Zeuschner sp.; Toucas 1890: 577, pl. 13: 5a, b, pl. 15,?fig. 7a, b; non fig. 8 (=? Ha. leiosoma Oppel ).

1893 Haploceras carachtheis Zeuschn. ; Retowski 1893: 242, pl. 9: 10,?11.

1953 Haploceras carachtheis Zeuschner ; Arnould-Saget 1953: 7, pl. 1: 8a, b, 11a, b.

non 1960 Haploceras carachtheis Zeuschner ; Drushchits and Ku- dryavcev 1960: 268, pl. 13: 2a, b (=? Ha. staszycii ),?3a, b,?text-fig. 72.

1962 Glochiceras carachtheis (Zejszner) ; Barthel 1962: 17, pl. 2: 1–4, pl. 3: 1–3 (figs. 1, 2 = Zittel 1868, pl. 15: 1d, e): 6, 7; text-fig. 3c; non pl. 3: 4, 5.

1965 Glochiceras carachtheis (Zeuschner) ; Houša in Špinar 1965: fig. VIII-255.

1976 Haploceras (Neoglochiceras) carachtheis (Zeuschner) ; Avram 1976: 36, pl. 8: 9a, b.

?1976 Haploceras (Haploceras) aff. elimatum (Oppel) ; Avram 1976: pl. 8: 10a, b.

1976 Haploceras (Neoglochiceras) carachtheis (Zeuschner) ; Patrulius and Avram 1976: 168, pl. 3: 8.

1978 Haploceras (Lingulaticeras) carachtheis Zeuschner ; Olóriz Sáez 1978: 124, pl. 10: 6a, b, 7, 8.

?1979 Glochiceras (Glochiceras) carachtheis (Zejszner) ; Sapunov 1979: 64, pl. 14: 2a, b.

1980 Glochiceras (Glochiceras) carachtheis (Zejszner) ; Malinowska et al. 1980: 445, pl. 136: 7a–c.

1983 “ Haploceras ” carachteis (Zeuschner); Cecca et al. 1983: 114, pl. 1: 3.

1983 Haploceras (Neoglochiceras) carachtheis (Zejszner) ; Vašíček 1983: 98, pl. 3: 2, 3.

1984 Haploceras carachtheis (Zeuschner) ; Cecca et al. 1984: pl. 6: 1.

1986 Haploceras (Haploceras) carachtheis (m) (Zeuschner), resp. Haploceras (Haploceras) carachtheis (m) (Zeuschner) morph carachtheis ; Enay and Cecca 1986: 49, pl. 2: 1a–c, 3a, b, 4a, b,?5a, b, 7,?8a, b, 9a, b, 10a, b; non pl. 2: 2; pl. 3:?6a, b, 7a, b, 8a, b,?9a, b, 10a, b, 11a, b, 12a, b,?13a,b, 14a, b, 15a, b, 18a, b; non pl. 3: 1, 2a, b (= Haploceras woehleri ), non pl. 3: 16a, b, 17a, b, 19a, b.

1986 Glochiceras carachtheis (Zeusch.) ; Kutek and Wierzbowski 1986: tab. 2.

1988 Haploceras carachtheis (Zeuschner) ; Főzy 1988: 59, pl. 3: 3, 4.

1989 Haploceras carachtheis (Zeuschner) ; Khimshiashvili 1989: 31, pl. 9: 3, 5, 7.

1990 Haploceras carachtheis (Zeusch.) ; Wierzbowski 1990: fig. 3.

1991 Haploceras (Haploceras) carachtheis (m) (Zeuschner) morph carachtheis ; Cecca and Enay 1991: pl. 1: 8a, b.

1994 Haploceras carachtheis (Zeuschner) ; Főzy et al. 1994: 158, pl. 1: 16, 22.

?1994 Haploceras (Hypoglochiceras) carachtheis (Zeuschner) ; Zeiss et al. 1994: 370, pl. 2: 3.

1995 Haploceras carachtheis (Zeuschner) ; Főzy 1995: 136, pl. 20: 12.

1996 Haploceras carachtheis (Zeuschner) ; Wright et al. 1996: 10: 6 /1c–e.

?2001 Haploceras (Hypolissoceras) carachtheis (Zeuschner) ; Zeiss 2001: 38, pl. 5: 4, 5.

?2004 Haploceras carachtheis (Zeuschner) ; Ettachfini 2004: 155, pl. 5: 1.

2013 Haploceras carachtheis (Zeuschner) ; Főzy and Scherzinger 2013: 215, pl. 4: 4a, b,?fig. 3a, b,?pl. 5: 1a, b, 2, 10.

2013 Haploceras carachtheis (Zeuschner) ; Szives and Főzy 2013: 295, pl. 4: 3.

non 2016 Haploceras carachtheis morph carachtheis (Zeuschner) ; Hoedemaeker et al. 2016: 168, pl. 17: 4–6 (= Hypolissoceras leiosoma Oppel ).

2017 Haploceras carachtheis (Zeuschner) ; Főzy 2017: pl. 1: 3a, b,?pl. 32, fig 1a, b.

2020 Haploceras carachtheis carachteis (Zeuschner) ; Sarti 2020: 91, pl. 4: 7.

?2020 Haploceras carachtheis leiosoma (Zittel) ; Sarti 2020: 91, pl. 4: 6A, B.

2024 Haploceras carachtheis leiosoma (Zittel) ; Sarti 2024: 91, pl. 4: 6A, B.

Type material: Holotype of Zejszner (1846) is apparently lost (Mali-

novska et al. 1980). Neotype (established herein) SNSB-BSPG AS

III 47, originally figured by Zittel (1868: pl. 15: 1a–e) as Ammonites carachtheis Zejszner, 1846 , and figured herein in Fig. 8J. The Zittel’s

(1868) depiction of this specimen is partly idealized (compare with

Fig. 8J).

Type locality: Štramberk Limestone, locality of Koňákov (formerly

Koniakau), Czech Republic (the locality no longer available).

Type horizon: Tithonian or lower Berriasian.

Material. — Four specimens from Zittel (1868) and Barthel (1962) collections ( SNSB-BSPG AS III 45, 48, 49; SNSB-BSPG AS III 47 is the neotype) and eight relatively complete specimens preserved as external moulds (B12689, Z1503, Z2981a, PL4370, Ge30342, Ge30344b) and a steinkern with the remnant of peristome (Z1385).

Description. —Semi-involute specimens, rather small in size, with high, medium-broad whorls and a narrow umbilici. The flanks of the whorl are flat to slightly arched. In the area of the umbilicus, a funnel-shaped zone is observed. On the best-preserved steinkern, it is obvious that the base of the whorl ends in a narrowly rounded shape, and the whorl still continues below to the dorsum in the shape of a narrow, slot-like form. The flat venter is clearly separated from the flanks by a rounded zone.

The inner whorls are smooth. On favourably preserved juvenile specimens, growth lines can be observed on the upper parts of the whorl. In adult specimens, short ventral ribs are present in the siphonal area in the final fifth of the ultimate whorl.

Measurements. —Specimens under our study have maximum diameter of approximately 42 to 44 mm. The phragmocones usually terminate at diameters ranging from approximately 23 to 26 mm, and on the specimen in Cecca and Enay (1991: pl. 1: 8), even at 35 mm. In the specimens from Štramberk, the first ventral ribs appear at D = 30–36 mm. Our own measurement of 13 specimens was supplemented with several values from Sarti (2020) data ( SOM 5). Parameters: H/D = 0.46–0.51, U/D = 0.17–0.22, B/D = 0.32–0.34, and B/H = 0.65–0.71. Neotype with diameter D = 44.0 mm has H/D = 0.46, U/D = 0.23, B/D = 0.315.

Remarks.—Based on information obtained from Lidia Malinowska in 1980 (see Vašíček 1983: 99), the type material, i.e., the holotype of Hy. carachtheis presented by Zejszner (1846), which was merely illustrated without diagnosis, is lost. Historically, the closest material to the non-existent type specimen is the specimen depicted in Zittel (1868), pl. 15: 1a–e. For this reason, we designate it as a neotype herein.

The basic features of Hy. carachtheis include a narrow umbilicus and slender whorls with flat flanks. The main mor- phological feature is the onset of ribbing confined to the venter that appears on the final half to third of the body chamber at a shell diameter of more than 30 mm. The favourably preserved specimens bear a complexly formed peristome. On the venter, a short rostrum is present, and on the flanks, conspicuous, tongue-shaped lappets occur. The whole peristome is usually bounded by a clear constriction that is accompanied by a swollen rib on the front side.The preserved portion of the peristome indicates that the specimens Z1385 (see Fig. 8G 1 here) and Z2981a (Fig. 8I 1) represents adult individuals.

The umbilicus is mostly narrow (U/D less than 0.23), whereas broader umbilici are commonly reported in the literature (e.g., Zittel 1868, for SNSB-BSPG AS III 47 in pl. 15/1d, e; Zeiss 2001; Fözy and Scherzinger 2013). Due to the lack of comparative material, it is not clear whether this is a case of species variability or a case of different species. Haploceras carachtheis , considered by us as a microconch of Hypolissoceras woehleri ( Oppel, 1865) , is compared with Hy. woehleri in the description of the latter species.

Stratigraphic and geographic range.— Haploceras carachtheis occurs in almost the whole Mediterranean and the sub-Mediterranean area, from the Himalayas to northwestern and eastern Africa. According to Enay and Cecca (1986), it occurs from the lower Tithonian (Hybonotum Zone) to the lower Berriasian inclusive. The lower Berriasian occurences are also mentioned by, e.g., Arnould-Saget (1953), Patrulius and Avram (1976), and Szives and Főzy (2013) with a detailed analysis of Ha. carachtheis occurrences.

Specimens described by Zittel (1868) come from the Štramberk Limestone in Štramberk and from Koňákov. We could not find this species in Štramberk area ourselves. In the Czech Republic, it is also known from the lower Tithonian of the Magura Group of nappes in Roštín ( Vašíček 1983).

Hypolissoceras woehleri ( Oppel, 1865)

Figs. 3E , 6A, B, 4D, 8K.

1865 Ammonites Wöhleri Opp. ; Oppel 1865: 549.

1868 Ammonites Wöhleri Opp. ; Zittel 1868: 84, pl. 14: 4a, c.

1986 Haploceras (Haploceras) carachtheis (m) (Zeuschner) morph carachtheis ; Enay and Cecca 1986: 49, pl. 3: 1, 2a, b.

1988 Haploceras (Hypolissoceras) carachtheis (Zeuschner) ; Főzy 1988: 59, pl. 3: 3, 4.

1988 Haploceras (Haploceras) wohleri (Oppel) ; Főzy 1988: 55, pl. 3: 1, 2, text-fig. 9.

Type material: The holotype by monotypy ( SNSB-BSPG AS III 811 ) is a poorly preserved specimen ( Zittel 1868: pl. 14: 4). The original illustration of which is quite idealized. The body chamber is almost completely preserved but the phragmocone is missing. The peristome,.e., both the rostrum and especially the flank, is distorted. The greater part of the holotype (with exception of the area around peristome, where on both sides, remains of the original shell occur) is a steinkern. There is a prominent granulation on the venter, however, this is very likely a product of diagenesis .

Type locality: Štramberk Limestone, Štramberk, Czech Republic.

Type horizon: Tithonian or lower Berriasian.

Material.— In addition to the holotype, more than 10 adult specimens preserved as external moulds and one specimen with remains of the original test, partly split off from the body chamber (Z1817), are available. The best-preserved museum specimens are Z2305, Z4171, Z4206, Z4210, MM 04, MM 06–09, and Ge30355.

Description. —Specimens semi-involute, rather large in size, with relatively high whorls with slightly arched flanks, and a visibly, although unclearly, separated venter. The umbilicus is relatively narrow. The flanks of the whorl, which reach the greatest breadth at approximately the lower fifth of its height, decline steeply without any edge to the line of coiling. Around the umbilicus, a funnel-like shape is observed. The venter is only slightly arched.

The inner whorls are smooth. At the beginning of the final part of the ultimate whorl, unclear ribs may be seen on the venter. Near the peristome in all larger specimens, at least several (approximately 4–7) short, widely spaced, relatively strong blunt ventral ribs appear.

Suture line. On specimen MM08, some incomplete suture lines bound by merely an adventive lobe A and adjacent parts of saddles are preserved. The lobe is strongly articulated, formed similarly to the suture lines of the genus Haploceras .

Measurements. —The holotype reaches diameter of approximately 117 mm. Because of imperfect preservation, the measurements are rather ambiguous; at D = 116.0 mm, H is ca. 58.5 mm (0.50), U ca. 23.0 mm (0.20), B ca. 42.5 mm (0.37). The largest specimen from the Moravian-Silesian collection (Z4171) reaches a diameter of only approximately 61 mm. By D = 60.8 mm H/D is 0.435, U/D = 0.25, B/D = 0.33.Its phragmocone ends at D = 46 mm. The first ventral ribs appear at D = 53–60 mm. Usual parameters in the collection under study are as follows: H/D = 0.43–0.47, U/D = 0.24–0.26, B/D = 0.32–0.36. Főzy (1988) reports specimens larger in size, i.e., with a diameter of up to 146 mm. The measurements for constructing the charts on Fig. 10 are listed in SOM 6.

Remarks.—With reference to the morphology of the holotype, we assume that Hy. woehleri represents a macroconch to Hy. carachtheis . Hypolissoceras woehleri differs from Hy. carachtheis above all in different shell size. Figure 10A–C shows that the H/D and B/D values for both species are almost identical. A smaller difference is evidenced only by U/D values ( Fig. 10B). The ventral ribs of Hy. woehleri , as shown by specimens from the Moravian Museum, begin only at shell diameters of approximately 53 to 60 mm, whereas in Hy. carachtheis , they begin at diameters of approximately 30–36 mm. The holotype of Hy. woehleri (Dmax of 117 mm) with ambiguously measurable parameters differs somewhat from the just-described macroconchs in the ratios H/D, U/D, and B/D. This is probably associated with the smaller sizes of specimens in the collection under study and with unfavourable preserved parameters of the holotype.

Stratigraphic and geographic range.—In contrast to Hy. carachtheis , data on the stratigraphic range and geographical distribution of Hy. woehleri are limited. The holotype comes from not well constrained stratigraphic position of Štramberk Limestone in Štramberk (probably from the currently non-existent Castle Quarry). According to Főzy (1988), this species occurs in the “middle” and upper Tithonian in Hungary. Given that we assume these species form a dimorphic pair, the stratigraphic range of Hy. woehleri should be the same as that for microconchs.

The holotype of Hy. woehleri comes from Štramberk, and the specimen in Enay and Cecca (1986: pl. 3: 1) from Le Pouzine, France (Fallauxi Zone). The specimens from the Moravian-Silesian museums lack detailed geographic and stratigraphic information .

Hypolissoceras subtilius ( Zittel, 1870) Fig. 6D.

1870 Haploceras carachtheis var. subtilior ; Zittel 1870: 54, pl. 27: 11a–c.

1986 Haploceras carachtheis var. subtilior ; Enay and Cecca 1986: 39, text-fig. 4.

?1986 Haploceras (Haploceras) carachtheis (m) (Zeuschner); Enay and Cecca 1986: pl. 2: 8a, b, pl. 3: 8a, b.

Type material: Holotype (by monotypy) SNSB-BSPG AS III 42 ( Zittel

1870: pl. 27: 11)

Type locality: Rogoźnik, Poland.

Type horizon: Pieniny Klippen Zone, Rogoża Coquina Member, Fallauxi ammonite Zone, lower Tithonian.

Material. — Holotype and a single weathered, slightly cor- roded external mould (Z2767a), both small in size.

Description. —The semi-involute specimen has a medium-high whorl and a medium-broad umbilicus. The flanks of the whorl are slightly arched. The greatest breadth of the whorl is close to its base. From the mentioned area, the whorl declines, through a rounded zone, continuously to the line of coiling. The umbilical wall is very low. The flanks slope gradually to the venter. In the more juvenile part, the flanks pass continuously to a rounded venter; in the final part of the ultimate whorl, the venter is slightly arched with an indication of its separation from the flanks.

The juvenile half of the ultimate whorl is smooth. At the beginning of the second half, indistinct ribs are seen on the venter. Only in the vicinity of the aperture, 7 straight and very short but distinctive ventral ribs are observed. On the unphotographed, more poorly preserved opposite side, remains of the peristome are visible; they indicate that it is probably an adult specimen.

Measurements. —The holotype preserved as a steinkern has a maximum diameter of 23 mm. At D = 22.9 mm, H = 9.9 mm (0.43), U = 6.1 mm (0.27), and B mm = 7.0 (0.305). Specimen Z2767a reaches a maximum diameter of 30 mm. At D = 30.0 mm, H = 12.6 mm (H/D = 0.42), U = 9.3 mm (U/D = 0.31), B = 9.4 mm (B/D = 0.31), and B/H = 0.75. The first ventral ribs appear at a D of approximately 27 mm.

Remarks.— Hypolissoceras subtilius differs from the similar small-sized Hypolissoceras leiosoma (Oppel in Zittel, 1868) in having a much broader umbilicus and smaller height and breadth of whorls. Adult specimens with the preserved peristome, designated by Enay and Cecca (1986: pl. 2: 8, pl. 3: 8) as Ha. carachtheis (m), probably also belong to Hy. subtilius.

Stratigraphic and geographic range.— According to Enay and Cecca (1986: text-fig. 4) Hy. subtilius occurs sporadically in the uppermost lower Tithonian (Ponti Ammonite Zone) in Spain, The holotype comes from Rogoźnik in Poland, most likely from the lower Tithonian. Z2767a from the museum collection in Opava is labelled with the locality name Štramberk only .

Figures

Fig. 3. Whorl sections of haploceratid ammonoids from Štramberk, Czech Republic, Tithonian–lower Berriasian. A. Haploceras elimatum (Oppel, 1865), SNSB-BSPG AS III 800 (Zittel 1868: pl. 13: 1a) at H = 33 mm. B. Haploceras staszycii(Zejszner,1846),SNSB-BSPGASIII 805 (Zittel 1870: pl. 27: 3a) at H = 37 mm. C. Haploceras tithonium (Oppel, 1865), SNSB- BSPG AS III 798 (Zittel 1868: pl. 14: 2a) at H = 25 mm. D. Hypolissoceras carachtheis (Zejszner, 1846), SNSB-BSPG AS III 47 (Zittel 1868: pl. 15: 1c) at H = 17 mm. E. Hypolissoceras woehleri (Oppel, 1865), MM 06 at H = 27 mm.