Acicnemis albofasciata ( Ter-Minasian, 1953 )

Lewis, Jake H., Kojima, Hiroaki & Campbell, Erin O., 2025, A Japan-focused review of East Asian Acicnemis Fairmaire, 1849 (Coleoptera, Curculionidae) reveals cryptic diversity in a well-studied region, ZooKeys 1259, pp. 103-167 : 103-167

Acicnemis albofasciata ( Ter-Minasian, 1953)

Figs 1 , 5 , 6 A 1–6 , 2 , 32 B, D

Trachodes albofasciata Ter-Minasian, 1953: 317.

Acicnemis nigra Nakane, 1963: 37.

Type material examined

( Russia: 8; Japan: 173; Total: 181). Lectotype (designated here). Russia • Primorsky Krai, Lyanchihe ( 26 km from Vladivostok), 19. V. 1949, on Betula manshurica , ZIN, JHL_AREV_997 . Paralectotype. Russia • Primorsky Krai, Partizansk (formerly Suchan), VIII. 1925 (1, ZIN), JHL _AREV_996 .

Non-type material.

Russia • Primorsky Krai, Benevskoye, 43.17°N, 133.76°E, 4. VII. 2014, E. Jendek (2, CNCI), CNCCOLVG 00007390 (BOLD accession number: VVGPL 2845 -15), CNCCOLVG 00008936 (dissected male, BOLD accession number: OWEVG 891-15 ) ; • S. Primor’ye, Kedrovaya Pad Reserve , 20. V. – 2. VI. 1992, T. Nakamura (3, KUM), JHL_AREV_499 (dissected male), JHL_AREV_782 , JHL_AREV_787 ; • Saghalien, Kawakami (present day Sinegorsk) , 7. VIII. 1922, T. Esaki (1, KUM), JHL_AREV_899 ; Japan: Akita Prefecture: • Tamagawa, Tazawako-machi , 10. VII. 1976, S. Miyakawa (12, TUA), JHL_AREV_674 (dissected male), JHL_AREV_811 – JHL_AREV_814 , JHL_AREV_935 ; • Tamagawa Onsen , 10. VII. 1976, S. Miyakawa (4, TUA), JHL_AREV_932 (dissected male), JHL_AREV_934 ; • Senboku, Nyutou-onsen , 10. VI. 2015, K. Takahashi (1, KUM), JHL_AREV_887 ; • Takada-odake , 14. VII. 1962, Y. Miyatake (1 dissected male, KUM), JHL_AREV_898 ; • Sengan-toge , 14. IX. 1974, S. Miyakawa (2, TUA), JHL_AREV_965 (dissected male) ; Aomori Prefecture: • Towada , 12. VI. 1955, K. Shimoyama (1 dissected male, ZMH), ZMH 837198 ; • Nurukawa , 12. VIII. 1950, K. Shimoyama (1, ZMH), ZMH 837199 ; • Kobokutai , 5. VIII. 1937, K. Shimoyama (1, ZMH), ZMH 837200 ; • Yunomata, Ohata-machi, Shimokita Penn. , 14–30. VII. 1956, K. Morimoto (7, KUM), JHL_AREV_543 (dissected male), JHL_AREV_793 – JHL_AREV_797 , JHL_AREV_846 ; Fukushima Prefecture: • Tateiwa , 22–23. VI. 1984, A. Saito (2, CMIC), CBM–ZI 68470 (dissected male), CBM–ZI 68471 ; • Minami-aizu-machi, Yaso , 24. VI. 2020, T. Saeki (5, KUM), JHL_AREV_882 – JHL_AREV_886 ; • Shindenhara , 28. V. 1979, K. Emoto (1 dissected male, KUM), JHL_AREV_850 ; Gifu Prefecture: • Gifu (1, NHMB), JHL_SYN_192 ; • Hirayu , 29. VII. – 28. VIII. 1959, M. Sato (2, KUM), JHL_AREV_102 , JHL_AREV_865 ; • Yunohana , 22. VI. 1956 (1 dissected male, CMNC), JHL_AREV_112 ; Gunma Prefecture: • Sugenuma , 10–11. VII. 1975, H. Irie (1, KUM), JHL_AREV_869 ; • Nikamatazawa, Mt. Shirane , 16–18. VII. 1975, H. Irie (1 dissected male, KUM), JHL_AREV_918 ; • Fujimi-toge , 4. VIII, M. Samejima (8, TUA), JHL_AREV_961 (dissected male), JHL_AREV_962 , JHL_AREV_964 ; • Hokkaido: “ Hokkaido ”, “ 6.19. 53 ”, “ Arakawa ” (1, NHMB), JHL_SYN_190 ; • Sounkyo , 11. VII 1986, S. Nomura (3, KUM), JHL_SYN_189 ; • Aizankei , 29. VII. 1964 (1, KUM), JHL_AREV_103 ; • Aizankei, Mt. Daisetsu , 27–31. VII. 1955, K. Morimoto & S. Kimoto (14, KUM), JHL_AREV_501 (dissected male), JHL_AREV_798 , JHL_AREV_799 , JHL_AREV_801 – JHL_AREV_810 , JHL_AREV_855 ; • Teshio , 4. VII. 1916, T. Isshiki (1 dissected male, HUM), JHL_AREV_101 ; • Ashoromura ( Tokachi ), 29. VII. – 23. VIII. 1949, R. Matsuda (5, KUM), JHL_AREV_781 , JHL_AREV_888 – JHL_AREV_891 ; • Mitsumata-rindo, Kamishihoro-cho , 25. VI. 1986, S. Miyakawa & K. Morimoto (1, TUA; • 2, KUM), JHL_AREV_542 , JHL_AREV_815 , JHL_AREV_816 ; • Ashorobuto, Ashoro-gun , 24–31. V. 1957, M. Takahashi (3, KUM), JHL_AREV_480 (dissected male), JHL_AREV_847 , JHL_AREV_848 ; • Mt. Daisetsuzan , 26. VII. 1953, Y. Kurosawa (2, NMNS), JHL_AREV_852 , JHL_AREV_853 ; • Daisetsuzan , 1. VIII. 1962 (3, KUM), JHL_ACITAI_008 (dissected male), JHL_AREV_104 , JHL_AREV_105 ; • Jushichinosawa, Mt. Nipesotsu , 6. VIII. 1976, H. Irie (1, KUM), JHL_AREV_856 ; • Nakayama-toge ( near Sapporo), 22. VI. 1986, K. Morimoto (1, KUM), JHL_AREV_857 ; • Bibai , 12. V. 1962, K. Kamijo, collected from Populus sp. (1, KUM), JHL_AREV_858 ; • Oyukiyama , 31. VII. 1952, Yoshida (1, KUM), JHL_AREV_859 ; • Aizankei, Antaroma , 31. VII. 1952, T. Shirozu (1, KUM), JHL_AREV_861 ; • Lake Akan, Kushiro , 8. VI. 1957, M. Takahashi (1, KUM), JHL_AREV_862 ; • Wassakanai, Sohya-shichou , 26. VII. 1991, S. Ohmomo (1, KUM), JHL_AREV_863 ; • Nishiashoro ( Tokachi ), 17. VIII. 1949, R. Matsuda (1, KUM), JHL_AREV_864 ; • Yukomanbetsu, Mt. Daisetsu , 25. VII. 1955, K. Morimoto (1, KUM), JHL_AREV_866 ; • Horoka, Kamishihoro-cho , 17. VII. 1976, H. Irie (1, KUM), JHL_AREV_867 ; • Kamiotoineppu ( Teshio ), 24. VIII. 1922, T. Esaki (4, KUM), JHL_AREV_868 , JHL_AREV_877 – JHL_AREV_879 ; • Kawakami ( near Honbetsu), 17–27. VII. 1953, Y. Hirashima (1, KUM), JHL_AREV_870 ; • Aizankei , 19. VII. 1962, Y. Miyatake (1, KUM), JHL_AREV_871 ; • Aizankei ( Ishikari ), 29. VII. 1952, T. Shirozu (5, KUM), JHL_AREV_872 – JHL_AREV_876 ; • Nakarikubetsu , Rikubetsu Town, Asyoro County, 24. VII. 2017, K. Narita (2, KUM), JHL_AREV_880 , JHL_AREV_881 ; • Meakan-dake, Akan National Park , 5. VII. 1958, S. Miyamoto (4, KUM), JHL_AREV_892 – JHL_AREV_895 ; • Uenae, Tomakomai City , 15. VIII. 1989, H. Kojima (6, TUA), JHL_AREV_922 (dissected male), JHL_AREV_910 – JHL_AREV_914 ; • Mt. Karibayama, Shimamaki , 24–27. VII. 1989, H. Kojima (2, TUA), JHL_AREV_924 , JHL_AREV_926 ; • Mt. Daisengen, Hakodate City , 23. VII. 1989, H. Kojima (1, TUA), JHL_AREV_925 ; • Poroshirisanso, Hidaka , 5. VIII. 1988, H. Kojima (2, TUA), JHL_AREV_927 , JHL_AREV_928 ; • Kamishihoro-chou, Mitsumata , 17. VII. 2014, S. Yamamoto, JHL_DNA_154 (GenBank accession number: PV 255624 ) (1, KUM) ; Ibaraki Prefecture: • Mt. Tsukuba , 22. VIII. 1977, A. Tanaka (1, HUM), JHL_AREV_854 ; Ishikawa Prefecture: • Mt. Hakusan , 18. V. 1979, I. Togashi & D. R. Smith (1 dissected male, USNM), JHL_AREV_985 ; Iwate Prefecture: • Iwate , VI. 1936, H. Yamamoto (2, NHMB), JHL_SYN_188 , JHL_SYN_191 ; Miyagi Prefecture: • Nuruyu, Hanayama mura , 2–6. VIII. 1984, K. Morimoto (1 dissected male, KUM), JHL_AREV_849 ; • Mt. Funagata, Taiwa-machi , 21. VIII. 2009, J. Aoki (2, KUM), JHL_AREV_839 (dissected male) ; Nagano Prefecture: • Nakabusa, Shinano , 24. VII, T. Samejima (1 dissected male, TUA), JHL_AREV_673 ; • Bandoko, Shinano Province , 13. VII. 1935, H. Kiyosawa (4, KUM), JHL_AREV_917 (dissected male), JHL_AREV_919 – JHL_AREV_921 ; • Shirahone , 19. VII. 1956, S. Kimoto (2, KUM), JHL_AREV_593 (dissected male), JHL_AREV_916 ; • Shirahone , 12. VIII. 1960, Y. Kimura (1 dissected male, KUM), JHL_AREV_838 ; • Kamikouchi , 14. VII. 1929, M. Samejima (4, TUA), JHL_AREV_783 (dissected male), JHL_AREV_967 – JHL_AREV_969 ; Niigata Prefecture: • Sasagamine , 23. VIII. 1962, H. Koike (1 dissected male, KUM), JHL_AREV_896 ; Tochigi Prefecture: • Yumoto, Oku-nikko , 7. VII. 1950, M. Takahashi (3, KUM), JHL_AREV_902 (dissected male), JHL_AREV_906 , JHL_AREV_907 ; • Yumoto , 30. VII. 1960, K. Suga (1 dissected male, KUM), JHL_AREV_903 ; • Chu-zenji , 16. VII. 1916, E. Gallois (3, HUM), JHL_AREV_851 ; • Tokura, Nikko , 16. VI, S. Miyakawa (3, TUA), JHL_AREV_960 (dissected male) ; Yamanashi Prefecture: • Daibosatsu , 22–23. VI. 1985, K. Yoshihara (6, TUA), JHL_AREV_629 (dissected male), JHL_AREV_788 , JHL_AREV_789 , JHL_AREV_790 – JHL_AREV_792 ; • Hikawa-rindo, Mts. Daibosatsu , 22. VII. 1983, S. Miyakawa (21, TUA), JHL_AREV_946 (dissected male), JHL_AREV_948 – JHL_AREV_958 ; • Kanayama , 1. VII. 1989, T. Tanaka (1 dissected male, TUA), JHL_AREV_923 ; • Kanayamadaira , 28–30. VI. 1991, H. Urushihara (2, TUA), JHL_AREV_930 (dissected male), JHL_AREV_933 ; • Koshu-shi, Enzankamiigiwara , 13. VIII. 2016, S. Shimamoto (2, TUA), JHL_AREV_937 (dissected male), JHL_AREV_940 ; • Koshu-shi, Enzankamiigiwara , 3. V. 2015, S. Shimamoto (1, TUA), JHL_AREV_939 ; Unknown Prefecture: • Ichi-no-hashi , 29. VII. 1975, S. Ogata (1 dissected male, KUM), JHL_AREV_502 .

Diagnosis.

Body length 5.0– 6.8 mm. Covered in black and dark gray scales, with longitudinal, black-bordered white stripes across the lateral edges of the pronotum and elytral humeri (compare with A. cryptica which has the entire lateral portion of the pronotum covered in white to yellow scales). Apical 1 / 2 of elytra with a V-shaped patch of white scales. Pronotum evenly punctured across dorsal surface, but often with shiny, impunctate longitudinal midline. Scutellum bare over anterior 1 / 2 of dorsal surface, otherwise covered in pale yellowish scales. Only odd elytral intervals with erect scales (even elytral intervals may possess erect scales at the extreme elytral apices). Sclerolepidia distinct and protruding. Third tarsomeres distinctly emarginate. Pedon with lateral edges approx. parallel in dorsal view, and converging evenly at apex into a dull, rounded point. Internal sac visible in anterior 1 / 2 of aedeagus and tuberculate (roughed appearance); • internal sac also with hook-like protruding structure anteriorly (at the apex) and surrounded by tuberculate, roughened musculature (Fig. 6 A 1 – 2 ).

Distribution.

This species occurs in far Eastern Russia ( Primorsky Krai, Saghalien) and north-central mainland Japan (from Hokkaido south to Gifu Prefecture).

Remarks.

The two A. albofasciata syntypes deposited in the ZIN Collection are apparently both females, despite the original paper describing a male (B. Korotyaev to JHL, pers. comm. 2025). Dissection of males is required to conclusively differentiate between A. albofasciata and its sister species A. cryptica . However, based on our extensive collection examinations, we found that Acicnemis albofasciata occurs in the Far East ( Primorsky Krai, Russia), Hokkaido, and northern mainland Japan, while A. cryptica occurs only in mainland Japan, from Aomori Prefecture south to Kyushu ( Oita Prefecture). Furthermore, examined specimens of A. albofasciata have a black-scaled, lateral stripe on the pronotum, while A. cryptica have the lateral portion of the pronotum mostly covered in yellow to white scales. We are confident that the Ter-Minasian syntypes belong to A. albofasciata (not A. cryptica ) as only this species apparently occurs outside of Japan (with known records from the syntype locality ( Primorsky Krai, Russia), and as the Ter-Minasian syntypes have a black-scaled lateral pronotum band. To fix the identity of A. albofasciata , we hereby designate one of the Ter-Minasian syntypes ( JHL _AREV_997 ) as a lectotype.

Figures

Figure 1. Maximum likelihood tree of twelve Acicnemis species based on a 300 base-pair long CO 1 gene fragment constructed in IQ-TREE v. 1.6. 12 using a GTR + F + I + G 4 model. Branch support values represent standard nonparametric bootstraps (1000 replicates). Bootstrap values less than 75 are not displayed on the tree. The codes MEBLA 191-14, VVGPL 2845-15, and OWEVG 891-15 are BOLD Systems accession numbers, whereas all other codes are GenBank accession numbers. Associated Acicnemis weevil figures on the right of the tree are approximately to scale.

Figure 2. Diagnostic morphological characters in Acicnemis. A. A. azumai Morimoto & Miyakawa, 1995 (JHL _ ACITAI _ 081) showing lack of prominent posterior prosternal projections; B. A. laeta Hubenthal, 1919 (JHL _ AREV _ 533) showing prominent prosternal projections; C. A. kiotoensis Nakane, 1963 (JHL _ AREV _ 982) showing antenna with the second funicular antennomere longer than antennomeres 3 + 4; D. A. koguma Lewis & Kojima, sp. nov. (JHL _ SYN _ 141) showing antenna with the second funicular antennomere shorter than antennomeres 3 + 4; E. A. luteomaculata Morimoto & Miyakawa, 1995 (JHL _ AREV _ 189) showing truncate third tarsomere; F. A. ryukyuana Lewis, 2023 (JHL _ ACI _ 011) showing weakly emarginate third tarsomere; G. A. maculaalba Roelofs, 1875 (JHL _ AREV _ 577) showing strongly emarginate third tarsomere.

Figure 5. Acicnemis albofasciata (Ter-Minasian, 1953) (JHL _ AREV _ 781). A. Lateral; B. Dorsal. Scale bar: 1 mm.

Figure 6. Aedeagi of Acicnemis. A 1–2. A. albofasciata (Ter-Minasian 1953); B 1–2. A. azumai Morimoto & Miyakawa, 1995; C 1–2), A. cryptica Lewis & Kojima, sp. nov.; D 1–2. A. dividicincta Morimoto & Miyakawa, 1995; E 1–2. A. exilis Morimoto & Miyakawa, 1995; F 1–2. A. kiotoensis Nakane, 1963; G 1–2. A. laeta Hubenthal, 1919; H 1–2. A. luteomaculata Morimoto & Miyakawa, 1995; I 1–2. A. maculaalba Roelofs, 1875; J 1–2. A. nobilis Hubenthal, 1919; K 1–2. A. nohirai Morimoto & Miyakawa, 1995; L 1–2. A. palliata Pascoe, 1872; M 1–2. A. postica Hubenthal, 1919; N 1–2. A. ryukyuana Lewis, 2023; O 1–2. A. sauteri Hubenthal, 1919; P 1–2. A. shibatai Voss, 1971; Q 1–2. A. shigematsui Morimoto & Miyakawa, 1995; R 1–2. Acicnemis sp. 1; S 1–2. A. squamata Lewis & Kojima, sp. nov.; T 1–2. A. suturalis Roelofs, 1875.

Figure 32. X-ray μCT generated 3 D models of two Acicnemis species. The colored parts in the segmented models below represent hindwing (in blue), metanotum + dorso-longitudinal flight muscles (in green), and dorso-ventral flight muscles (in orange). A. A. ryukyuana Lewis, 2023 (OKENT 0053498) dorsal view with scales removed, showing a relatively smooth pronotum and distantly spaced punctures; B. A. albofasciata (Ter-Minasian, 1953) (JHL _ AREV _ 782) dorsal view with scales removed, showing a moderately rugose to roughened pronotum with interspaces between punctures much smaller; C. A. ryukyuana segmented model with the right elytron removed, showing a comparively larger metanotum and dorso-longitudinal flight muscles relative to the elytra (~ 30 %); D. A. albofasciata showing a comparatively smaller metanotum and dorso-longitudinal flight muscles relative to the elytra (~ 23 %).