Monolepta sulawensis, Hazmi & Wagner, 2022

Hazmi, Izfa Riza & Wagner, Thomas, 2022, Revision of Monolepta Chevrolat, 1836 from the Sundaland area (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae: Galerucinae), Bonn zoological Bulletin 71 (2), pp. 139-176 : 171-175

publication ID	https://doi.org/10.20363/BZB-2022.71.2.139
publication LSID	lsid:zoobank.org:pub:7FFF8A8D-1640-4565-A9DE-239D1CD7F50A
persistent identifier	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/FF69BE51-7532-9803-FF4D-FB71FEC1FD32
treatment provided by	Felipe
scientific name	Monolepta sulawensis
status	sp. nov.

Treatment

Monolepta sulawensis sp. nov.

urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:A42DE2FD-5B03-4665-9301-426212644D89

Figs 40 View Fig , 59–60 View Fig View Fig

Type material. Holotype: ♂ ” Sulawesi Tengah, Nr. Morowali, Ranu River Area , 27.I.–20.IV.1980, S. L. Sutton & C. J. Rees; M. J. D. Brendell, B.M. 1980-281” ( BMNH; Fig. 138) . – Paratypes. 13 ex., same data as holotype, mainly captured by light ( BMNH) .

Etymology. Patronym.

Description

Total length. 3.70–4.25 mm (mean 3.90 mm; n = 10).

Head. Very finely punctuated, entirely brownish, as labrum and mandible. Antenna slender, extending to the middle of elytra, brownish, and the last antennomere often a bit darker ( Figs 59b View Fig , 60A View Fig ). Third antennomere shorter than second; ratio length of second to third antennomere 1.00–1.50 (mean 1.25); ratio length of third to fourth antennomere 0.37–0.42 (mean 0.38; Fig. 60B View Fig ).

Thorax. Pronotum very finely punctured, entirely yel- lowish to reddish-brown, shining and without depression. Pronotal width 1.20–1.25 mm (mean 1.22 mm), ratio length to width 0.60–0.64 (mean 0.62). Scutellum, meso- and metathorax brownish. Elytra entirely yellowish-brown to brownish. Elytral length 2.80–3.40 mm (mean 3.04 mm), maximal width of both elytra together 2.10–2.40 mm (mean 2.20 mm), ratio of maximal width of both elytra together to length of elytron 0.70–0.74 (mean 0.72; Fig. 60A View Fig ). Legs yellowish-brownish.

Abdomen. Yellowish-brownish.

Male genitalia. Median lobe broad, short, parallel-sid- ed. Group of median spiculae at base and one pair of flat- tened structures with brushy apex in the middle, lateral spiculae as slightly curved plates, ventral spiculae club-shaped with brushy apex ( Fig. 60C View Fig ).

Female genitalia. Spermatheca with large spherical nodulus, broad middle part, slender cornu ( Fig. 60D View Fig ). Two pairs of differently structures bursa sclerites, both with fine saw-like margins ( Fig. 60E View Fig ).

Diagnosis. Monolepta sulawensis look somewhat similar to the also uniformly colored, but pale yellowish M. ranuensis sp. nov., but is larger (total length 3.70– 4.25 mm, M. ranuensis 3.25–3.70 mm). Short third antennomere is also characteristic for M. sulawensis sp. nov., as is the genitalic morphology ( Figs 58C–E View Fig , 60C–E View Fig ).

Distribution. Only recorded from the type locality in Central-Eastern Sulawesi ( Fig. 40 View Fig ).

Identification key

1 Elytron bi- or tricolorous, with transverse bands ( Figs 5A View Fig , 20A View Fig , 23A View Fig , 29A View Fig , 32A View Fig ), circular yellow spots ( Figs 25A View Fig , 47A View Fig , 56A View Fig ), or spot with undulate black and yellow colouration ( Fig. 14A View Fig ) ................ 2

– Elytron predominantly unicolorous, yellow, reddish or black ( Figs 8A View Fig , 17A View Fig , 39A View Fig , 44A View Fig , 58A View Fig , 60A View Fig ), yellow with black suture and/or basal and lateral elytral margins ( Figs 34A View Fig , 42A View Fig , 51A View Fig , 53A View Fig ), with reddish base ( Fig. 3a View Figs 2–4 ), or brownish with red elytral tip ( Fig. 49A View Fig )......................................................... 10

2 Elytron with transverse bands ( Figs 5A View Fig , 20A View Fig , 23A View Fig , 29A View Fig , 32A View Fig )................................................................ 3

– Elytron with circular or longitudinal yellow spot ( Figs 25A View Fig , 47A View Fig , 56A View Fig ), or spot with undulate black and yellow colouration ( Fig. 14A View Fig ) .......................... 7

3 Elytron only with one brown or black transverse band at base, extension varies from very narrow up to one third of elytral length ( Figs 29A View Fig , 32A View Fig ) ........ 4

– Elytron with at least two clearly defined transverse bands (Figs 1b, 4a, 5A, 20A, 23A), rarely subterminal band reduced to spots ( Fig. 2b View Figs 2–4 ) ............................... 5

4 Elytron with dark brown to black base, remaining parts of elytron pale reddisch-brown, head and pronotum contrasting yellow ( Figs 31b View Fig , 32A View Fig ); smaller, total length 3.70–5.40 mm; wide distribution from India to Southeast Asia up to Borneo ( Fig. 33 View Fig ) ......................................... M. militaris Jacoby, 1896

– Elytron with paler brownish base, other parts more yellow, head and pronotum brownish-red, not or less contrasting to the elytral base ( Figs 27b View Figs 27–28 , 29A View Fig ); larger, total length 4.90–6.25 mm; wide distribution in Sumatra, Borneo, Malaysia, Thailand and Singapore ( Fig. 30 View Fig ).............. M. mentaweiensis ( Jacoby, 1896)

5 Subapical transverse band ends far from elytral margin (Figs 1b, 4a, 5A), sometimes reduced to small spots ( Fig. 2b View Figs 2–4 ); smaller, total length 3.70–5.10 mm; pronotum less broad, pronotal width to length 0.61–0.65; spermatheca without spherical nodulus ( Fig. 5D View Fig ); widely distributed from India through SE- Asia towards New Guinea ( Fig. 6 View Fig )............................ ............................... M. bifasciata ( Hornstedt, 1788)

– Subapical transverse band extending to elytral margin ( Figs 20A View Fig , 23A View Fig ); larger 4.10–5.80 mm; pronotum broader, pronotal length to width 0.55– 0.59 (mean 0.58); spermatheca with spherical nodulus ( Figs 20D View Fig , 23D View Fig )......................................... 6

6 Broad yellowish transverse band bounded above and below by a narrow black band, and another narrow black band on basal margin (19b, 20A), scutellum brown-reddish; median lobe broad, with three types of spiculae ( Fig. 20C View Fig ); widely distributed from India towards Java ( Fig. 21 View Fig ) ... M. orientalis Jacoby, 1889

– Narrow yellowish transverse-band in the middle, broad black at base and narrow black behind the yellow band, brown-reddish in the apical third ( Fig. 22b View Fig , 23A View Fig ); scutellum black; median lobe comparatively small, ventral spiculae hardly visible ( Fig. 23C View Fig ); widely distributed from India towards Java ( Fig. 21 View Fig )............. M. flavofasciata Jacoby, 1889

7. Head and pronotum of same colouration, reddish-brown ( Figs 10b–13b View Figs 10–13 , 14A View Fig ), usually one yellowish spot at elytral base and a second in the apical third, but usually weakly defined, resulting in somewhat undulating colouration on elytra ( Figs 10b–12b View Figs 10–13 , 14A View Fig ), rarely with clearly defined elytral spots ( Fig. 13b View Figs 10–13 ); total length 3.50–5.25 mm; widely distributed and abundant from Northwest-India and Central China throughout the entire Oriental Region to Luzon, Palawan, Borneo and Java, not known from Wallacea ( Fig. 15 View Fig ) .. M. signata ( Olivier, 1808)

– Pronotum yellow, head usually black (rarely yellow), elytron yellow and black only, yellow spots not close to humerus and well defined ( Figs 25A View Fig , 47A View Fig , 56A View Fig ). ................................................................................. 8

8 Elytron black with one circular yellow spot in the middle ( Fig 25A View Fig ), apical third of elytron or at least broad apical margin yellowish, suture sometimes reddish ( Fig. 24b View Fig ), antenna with exception of the terminal antennomere yellow; on average larger, total length 3.50–4.90 mm; Sundaland distribution without Wallacea ( Fig. 26 View Fig ) ... M. zonula Weise, 1916

– Elytron black with two circular yellow spots ( Figs 47A View Fig ) where the hind one can extend to the apical margin ( Fig. 56 View Fig Aa), or longitudinal band ( Fig. 56 View Fig Ab), antenna with exception of the yellow three basal antennomeres black; on average smaller, total length 3.25–4.00 mm ...................................... 9

9 Pronotum broad, pronotal width to length 0.58–0.62, elytral colouration quite variable ( Fig. 56A View Fig ); median lobe slender ( Fig. 56C View Fig ), bursas sclerites with very strong spines ( Fig. 56E View Fig ); Peninsular Malaysia and Borneo............................ M. mohamedsaidi sp. nov.

– Pronotum less broad, pronotal width to length 0.63– 0.66; elytron with completely black margins and two circular spots ( Fig. 47A View Fig ); median lobe very broad ( Fig. 47C View Fig ), bursa sclerites less spiny ( Fig. 47E View Fig ); restricted to Borneo .............. M. empatbulat sp. nov.

10 Elytron yellow with at least parts of the suture black, usually often also parts of outer margins black ( Figs 34A View Fig , 42A View Fig , 53A View Fig )............................................ 11

– Elytron entirely yellow ( Figs 39A View Fig , 44A View Fig , 58A View Fig ), yellow with black base ( Figs 17A View Fig , 51A View Fig ), or reddish to black.................................................................. 13

11 Only basal third of suture black, antenna yellow ( Fig. 42A View Fig ); total length 4.60–4.90 mm; endemic in Bali ............................. M. putri Mohamedsaid, 2001

– Suture mainly black, antenna brown to black ( Figs 34A View Fig , 53A View Fig ); Malay Peninsula, Borneo or Sumatra ................................................................. 12

12 Head yellow to brownish-yellow, vertex with longitudinal median black spot, outer and basal pronotal margins black ( Fig. 34A View Fig ); smaller, total length 3.25–4.00 mm; median lobe conical ( Fig. 34C View Fig ) spermatheca with large nodulus ( Fig. 34D View Fig ); Malay Peninsula, Borneo and Sumatra ( Fig. 9 View Fig ) ................... .................................. M. marginicollis Jacoby, 1896

– Head black, pronotum completely yellow ( Fig. 53A View Fig ); larger, total length 3.70–5.10 mm; median with very slender apical third ( Fig. 53C View Fig ), spermatheca with small nodulus ( Fig. 53D View Fig ); Malay Peninsula and Borneo ( Fig. 54 View Fig ) .......... M. marginicolloides sp. nov.

– Head black or yellow, pronotum completely yellow, very broad sutural and outer margins ( Fig. 56 View Fig Ab); smaller, total length 3.25–4.00 mm; median lobe like Fig. 56C View Fig ; colouration type of .................................... ............................. M. mohamedsaidi sp. nov. (see 9)

13 Elytron entirely yellow ( Figs 39 View Fig , 58 View Fig ) or yellow with black ( Figs 17 View Fig , 51 View Fig ) or reddish ( Fig. 3a View Figs 2–4 ) base......... 14

– Elytron unicolorous reddish, brownish or black ( Figs 8A View Fig , 37A View Fig , 60A View Fig ), or brownish to black with red elytral tip ( Fig. 49A View Fig ) ............................................. 19

14 Elytron entirely yellow ( Figs 39A View Fig , 44A View Fig , 58A View Fig ); total length 3.25–6.15 mm ............................................. 15

– Base of yellow elytra black ( Fig. 51A View Fig ), sometimes black colour very narrow ( Fig. 17A View Fig ), or reddish ( Fig. 3b View Figs 2–4 )................................................................. 17

15 Head and pronotum contrasting brownish-red, to the yellow elytra; basal antennomeres yellowish to brown, others brown to black ( Figs 43a View Fig , 44A View Fig ); second antennomere significantly longer than third, ratio length of second to third antennomere 1.00– 1.50 ( Fig. 44B View Fig ); total length 3.75–4.70 mm; endemic to Brunei.............................. M. bruneiensis sp. nov. Pronotum yellow, same color as elytra; antenna entirely yellow (with exception of terminal antennomere, Figs 39A View Fig , 58A View Fig ); second antennomeres not shorter than third ( Figs 39B View Fig , 58B View Fig ) .................. 16

16 Head black, strong contrast to yellow pronotum ( Fig. 39A View Fig ); larger, total length 4.75–6.15 mm; median lobe very short and broad ( Fig. 39C View Fig ); Malay Peninsula, Borneo, Sumatra and Java ( Fig. 40 View Fig ) ........ ........................ M. tiomanensis Mohamedsaid, 1999

– Head and pronotum of same colour ( Fig. 58A View Fig ); much smaller, total length 3.25–3.70 mm; median lobe slender, conical ( Fig. 58C View Fig ); endemic to Sulawesi ( Fig. 26 View Fig ).................................. M. ranuensis sp. nov.

17 Very large, total length 6.40–7.70 mm; pronotum broad, pronotal width to length 0.59–0.61 ( Fig. 17A View Fig ); black basal elytral margin very fine; antenna yellow; widely distributed in Sundaland ( Fig. 18 View Fig )................. ............................................. M. jacobyi Weise, 1908

– Much smaller, total length 3.70–4.35 mm ............ 18

18 Pronotum less broad, pronotal width to length 0.70– 0.72 ( Fig. 51A View Fig ); broad black basal elytral margin and also elytral tip black; outer antennomeres black; endemic to Borneo ............ M. kuninghitam sp. nov.

– Pronotum broader, pronotal width to length 0.61– 0.65; elytra reddish to brownish at base ( Fig. 3b View Figs 2–4 );; rare colour pattern of................ M. bifasciata (see 5)

19 Elytron dark brown to black with reddish apex ( Fig. 49A View Fig )); total length 4.60–6.00 mm; endemic to Sulawesi ........................................ M. hitam sp. nov.

– Elytron unicolorous reddish, brownish or black ... 20

20 Small, total length 3.70–4.40 mm; median lobe broad ( Fig. 60C View Fig ), spermatheca with spherical nodulus ( Fig. 60E View Fig ); endemic to Sulawesi ............................... .............................................. M. sulawensis sp. nov.

– Larger, total length 4.50–6.35 mm ¸ median lobe slender ( Figs 8C View Fig , 37C View Fig ), spermatheca without spherical nodulus ( Figs 8E View Fig , 37E View Fig ); unknown from Sulawesi ................................................................ 21

21 Head, pronotum and underside black, elytron reddish-brown ( Figs 36b View Fig , 37A View Fig ); median lobe broad ( Fig. 37C View Fig ); Malay Peninsula only ............................. ....................................... M. rufipennis Jacoby, 1899

– Upper- and underside uniformly brownish-red, outer elytral margins gradually darker ( Figs 7b View Fig , 8A View Fig ); median lobe slender ( Fig. 8C View Fig ); Java, Borneo and adjacent islands ( Fig. 9 View Fig ) ............................................ ....................................... M. rubra ( Gyllenhal, 1808)

Checklist of Monolepta Chevrolat, 1836 from Sundaland

The following list comprises all known species of Monolepta after revision including synonymies:

Monolepta bifasciata ( Hornstedt, 1788)

Chrysomela bifasciata Hornstedt, 1788

= Cryptocephalus multicolor Gmelin, 1790

= Crioceris quadrinotata Fabricius, 1801

= Luperodes latefascia Motschulsky, 1858

= Monolepta parvonotata Jacoby, 1886 ; syn. nov. = Monolepta mustaphai Mohamedsaid, 1997 ; syn. nov.

= Monolepta entimauensis Mohamedsaid, 1998 ; syn. nov.

Monolepta bruneiensis sp. nov.

Monolepta empatbulat sp. nov.

Monolepta flavofasciata Jacoby, 1889

Monolepta hitam sp. nov.

Monolepta jacobyi Weise, 1908

Monolepta kuninghitam sp. nov.

Monolepta marginicollis Jacoby, 1896

Monolepta marginicolloides sp. nov.

Monolepta mentaweiensis ( Jacoby, 1896)

Candezea mentaweiensis Jacoby, 1896

= Monolepta basalis Jacoby, 1884

= M. hageni Weise, 1916 ; syn. nov.

Monolepta militaris Jacoby, 1896

Monolepta mohamedsaidi sp. nov.

Monolepta orientalis Jacoby, 1889

= Monolepta konbiriensis Duvivier, 1891 Monolepta putri Mohamedsaid, 2001

Monolepta ranuensis sp. nov.

Monolepta rubra ( Gyllenhal, 1808)

= Luperodes javanensis Jacoby, 1887 Monolepta rufipennis Jacoby, 1899

Monolepta signata ( Olivier, 1808)

Galeruca signata Olivier, 1808

= Crioceris neglecta Sahlberg, 1829: 29

= Luperodes quadripustulatus Motschulsky, 1858

= Luperodes hieroglyphicus Motschulsky, 1858

= Monolepta elegantula Boheman, 1859: 183

= Luperodes dorsalis Motschulsky, 1866: 415

= Luperodes quadriguttata Fairmaire, 1887: 333

= Monolepta picturata Jacoby, 1896 ; syn. nov.

= Monolepta simplex Weise, 1913

Monolepta sulawensis sp. nov.

Monolepta tiomanensis Mohamedsaid, 1999 Monolepta zonula Weise, 1916

Species of Monolepta View in CoL transferred to other genera

The following list comprises species originally described in Monolepta known from the core of Sundaland without the Philippines (except of Palawan), Thailand and Indo-China, or, as a positive list, comprises species known from the states of Malaysia, Singapore, Brunei and Indonesia without parts East of the Lydekker line, i.e., including the fauna of Sulawesi, Timor and Seram up to the East ( Lohmann et al. 2011). Some of these species have been synonymized or transferred by us to other genera, others need to be transferred to other genera in subsequent studies, since they are not con-generic with Monolepta s. str.

Our decision to not include the following taxa in Monolepta is based on a check of most of the type material. Similar to the taxonomic revision on base of monophyletic groups of the Afrotropical galerucine fauna, with nearly 50 papers published up to now, also for the oriental taxa tremendous revisionary work needs to be done. We started this with revisions on Ochralea ( Hazmi & Wagner 2010a) , Arcastes ( Hazmi & Wagner 2010b, 2010c), Neolepta ( Hazmi & Wagner 2013) and the redescription of the generotype of Paleosepharia ( Rizki et al. 2016) . On base of those results, several of the following species belong to Paleosepharia , but up to now only one transferral has been published ( Rizki et al. 2014). Species of Nadrana Baly, 1865 from Sundland have been also revised recently ( Zulfadli et al. 2015), and there might be also few species from the following list that need to be transferred to this group.

Monolepta aemula Weise, 1922

Synonym of Paraneolepta imitans (Jacoby, 1894) ( Hazmi & Wagner 2013)

Monolepta affinis Jacoby, 1886

Monolepta albofasciata Jacoby, 1884

Monolepta approximans Jacoby, 1896

Monolepta azlani Mohamedsaid, 1998

Transferred to Paleosepharia ( Rizki et al. 2014)

Monolepta bimaculata ( Hornstedt, 1788)

Monolepta borneensis Mohamedsaid, 1994

Monolepta c-album ( Jacoby, 1899)

Monolepta cantik Mohamedsaid, 2000

Monolepta castanea Allard, 1888

Monolepta castanoptera Weise, 1924

Monolepta danumica Mohamedsaid, 1993

Monolepta erythromelas Weise, 1922

Synonym of Ochralea nigripes ( Olivier, 1808)

( Hazmi & Wagner 2010a)

Monolepta foveicollis Baly, 1888

Monolepta haemorrhoidalis ( Fabricius, 1801)

Monolepta impressicollis ( Jacoby, 1896)

Monolepta inornata (Jacoby, 1894)

Monolepta irpa Mohamedsaid, 2000

Monolepta kedenburgi Weise, 1922

Transferred to Nadrana ( Zulfadli et al. 2015)

Monolepta kenit Mohamedsaid, 2000

Monolepta kerangas Mohamedsaid, 1998

Monolepta kraepelini Weise, 1922

Monolepta latefasciata Jacoby, 1896

Monolepta laticornis ( Jacoby, 1899)

Monolepta longitarsis Jacoby, 1896

Monolepta malaysiana Mohamedsaid, 1993

Monolepta melancholica Jacoby, 1886

Monolepta merah Mohamedsaid, 1993

Monolepta modigliani Jacoby, 1896

Monolepta moluquensis Allard, 1888

Monolepta murphyi Mohamedsaid, 2002

Monolepta nigriceps Weise, 1915

Monolepta nigrilabrum ( Jacoby, 1899)

Monolepta nigripes ( Olivier, 1808)

Revalidated as Ochralea nigripes ( Olivier, 1808) ( Hazmi & Wagner 2010a)

Monolepta nigromarginata Jacoby, 1896

Monolepta obtusa Jacoby, 1896

Monolepta pagi Mohamedsaid, 2001

Monolepta parva Mohamedsaid, 2001

Monolepta pectoralis Boheman, 1859

Monolepta piceola Weise, 1915

Monolepta rubricollis Jacoby, 1905

Monolepta rugosa Mohamedsaid, 1998

Monolepta sangirensis Jacoby, 1894

Monolepta semifovea Mohamedsaid, 1993

Monolepta sexmaculata Jacoby, 1886

Monolepta subsulcata Boisduval, 1835

Monolepta thoracica ( Jacoby, 1896)

Monolepta terminata (Guérin-Méneville, 1830) Monolepta tibowensis Mohamedsaid, 2000

Monolepta timorensis Jacoby, 1894

Monolepta unicolor Jacoby, 1886

Monolepta wallacei Baly, 1888

Monolepta wangkliana Mohamedsaid, 2005

Transferred to Ochralea ( Hazmi & Wagner 2010a) Monolepta wilsoni Kimoto, 1989

Acknowledgements. We thank all colleagues who made material available to us. Michael Kuhlmann photographed the type of Crioceris quadrinotata, Ron Been and Jan Bezděk made many valuable comments on the manuscript. Jan additionally offered us generously his photos of type material from NHRS and MCGD .