Lopesia Rübsaamen, 1908
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publication ID |
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rbe.2017.06.001 |
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DOI |
https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.15657886 |
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persistent identifier |
https://treatment.plazi.org/id/FE502E57-5734-FFDE-FF70-FB017C26868B |
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treatment provided by |
Felipe |
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scientific name |
Lopesia Rübsaamen, 1908 |
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Lopesia Rübsaamen, 1908 View in CoL
Diagnosis. R 5 joining C beyond the wing apex; Rs closer to the end of R 1 than to the arculus; palpi three or four-segmented; antennae with binodal and tricircunfilar flagellomeres (in male), or interconnected circumfila (in female); tarsal claws curved near basal third, generally toothed; ovipositor short, barely protrusible and female cerci separate ( Maia et al., 2010; Maia, 2015).
Description. Adult – Body: 1.4 mm long (male, n = 14), 1.9 mm long (female, n = 18). Head ( Fig.1 View Figs ): eyes black, holoptic, facets circular, closely adjacent. Occipital process present. Frontoclypeus with 10 setae; labrum triangular with three pairs of setae; hypopharynx of the same shape as labrum; labella elongate-convex, each with several long lateral setae; palpi total length, 0.1 mm, palpi 4-segmented. Antennae total length, 0.8 mm (female); scape and pedicel long and maximum wide, 0.05 mm; scape broader distally; 12 binodal tricircumfilar flagellomeres; circumfila whorls irregular in length in males, medial whorls shorter than distal and basal whorls ( Fig. 2 View Figs ), cylindrical flagellomeres with interconnected circumfila in females ( Fig. 3 View Figs ), apical process present ( Fig. 4 View Figs ), setulose necks in both sexes. Thorax: scutum and scutelum brown. Scutum with two rows of dorsocentral and one row of notopleural setae; anepimeron with 16 setae; laterotergite with two long trichoid sensilla, other sclerites bare. Legs: tarsal claws bend near midlength and 2-toothed ( Fig. 5 View Figs ); empodia shorter than claws. Wing 1.25 mm long and 0.5 mm wide (male, n = 14), 1.7 mm long and 0.6 mm wide (male, n = 14); venation as in Fig. 6 View Figs . Abdomen. Male ( Fig.7 View Figs ): Tergites 1–7 rectangular with a complete row of posterior setae; irregular mesal rows of setae; Tergite 8 setose, weakly sclerotized. Sternites 1–7 as tergites 1–7. Sternite 8 rectangular and setose. Trichoid sensilla absent in tergites and sternites. Female ( Fig. 8 View Figs ): Tergites 1–7 rectangular with a complete row of posterior setae; irregular mesal rows of setae; Tergite 8 setose and not sclerotized. Sternites 1–7 as tergites 1–7. Sternite 8 as tergite 8. Trichoid sensilla absent in tergites and sternites. Male terminalia ( Fig. 9 View Figs ): gonocoxites splayed; wide and rounded with mesobasal lobe discreet; setae placed only on external surface; gonostylus elongated, wider at base and apically narrow; shorter than gonocoxite, sparsely covered with setae and microsetulae, teeth entire and strong; cercus setose and bilobed (outer lobe little longer than the inner), irregular margin; hypoproct deeply bilobed, setose, and longer than cerci; aedeagus large, elongate, tapering gradually to the apex, and 1.5 longer than hypoproct. Ovipositor ( Fig. 10 View Figs ): 0.18 mm long; slightly protrusible, female cerci separate, ovoid and setose; hypoproct short and setose.
Pupa. Yellowish. Body 2.18 mm long (n = 31). Head ( Fig. 11 View Figs ): antennal horns, 0.12 mm long, triangular, sclerotized, three lateral papillae present, two with setae and one asetose, two pairs of facial papillae present, one pair setose and one asetose. Cephalic setae 0.06 mm long. Thorax: wing reaching third abdominal segment; first pair of legs reaching the posterior margin of fifth abdominal segment, second pair reaching the 1/3 of sixth abdominal segment, and third pairs reaching the posterior margin of sixth abdominal segment. Prothoracic spiracle setiform, 0.16 mm long. Abdomen: abdominal tergites with dorsal spines absent, spicules present. Terminal segment as 0.15 mm long as wide (n = 31). Pupation in gall.
Larva 3rd instar. Yellowish. Body 1.5 mm long (n = 2). Integument rough. Spatula 2-toothed with long stalk (0.1 mm long), pointed teeth far apart from each other ( Fig. 12 View Figs ). Two groups of three papillae per side, two of each group setose and one asetose. Terminal segment convex with three pairs of corniform papillae, one longer than the other two ( Fig. 13 View Figs ).
Types. Holotype: Brazil, Mato Grosso, Chapada dos Guimarães (Parque Nacional Chapada dos Guimarães) (15 ◦ 26 Ɩ 10 ƖƖ S, 055 ◦ 47 Ɩ 23 ƖƖ W), reared from leaf galls of Andira humilis , collected in 14.i.2013, emerged in 17.vii.2013, M.V. Urso-Guimarães col. (♂ MZSP).
Paratypes. Mato Grosso State – Chapada dos Guimarães (Parque Nacional Chapada dos Guimarães) (15 ◦ 26 Ɩ 10 ƖƖ S, 055 ◦ 47 Ɩ 23 ƖƖ W): 16 ♂, 15 ♀, 31 pupal exuvia, 2 larvae; reared from leaf galls of Andira humilis , collected in 14.i.2013, emerged in 17.vii.2013, M.V. Urso-Guimarães col. ( MZSP) ; Bahia State – Barreiras (12 ◦ 08 Ɩ 51.4 ƖƖ S and 45 ◦ 01 Ɩ 17.3 ƖƖ W): 3 ♂, 10 ♀, 3 pupal exuviae, 2 larvae, reared from leaf galls of Andira humilis , collected in vi.2015, V.P. Lima col. ( UFOB) ; São Paulo State – Luiz Antônio (21 ◦ 36 Ɩ 19.44 ƖƖ S and 47 ◦ 47 Ɩ 28.86 ƖƖ W): leaf galls of Andira humilis , collected in 19- 21.iv.2010, V.S. Saito and M.V. Urso-Guimarães col.
Etymology. The species name refers to the generic name of the host plant.
Gall and biology ( Fig. 14 View Fig ). Blister-shaped, green, and bare leaf gall occurs only on the upper surface of leaf in Andira humilis ( Fabaceae ). Pupation in gall.
Remarks. The new gall midge differs from other known Lopesia in having the larval terminal segment with three pairs of corniform papillae, one longer than the other two in a rounded terminal segment and a wide aedeagus in males.
The key to segregation of Lopesia species of Rodrigues and Maia (2010) indicates that L. andirae sp nov. resembles L. elliptica Maia, 2003 , in such characteristics: setulose flagellomere necks, narrow gonocoxites, male binodal flagelomeres, wing with Rs joining R 1 after midlength, and 2-toothed tarsal claws, however, Lopesia elliptica has a narrow aedeagus, while the new species presents a large aedeagus.
The pupae of the new species share with L. similis Maia, 2004 the antennal horn developed, the conspicuous apical setae, dorsal abdominal spines absent, and cephalic spines absent, but the antennal base of the pupae of L. similis has a small denticle, absent in the L. andirae sp. nov.
L. andirae sp. nov. is also closely related to L. singularis Maia, 2001 and L. eichhorniae Urso-Guimarães, 2014 by the following characters: prothoracic spatula with two teeth spaced apart and three pairs of corniform papillae, but both species differs from L. andirae sp. nov. in having bilobed terminal segment instead of rounded terminal segment.
It is known that there is a high specificity between gall makers and their host plants. As a result, gall morphotypes associated with host plants are used to distinguish their inducer species. Thus, despite the morphological features shown between L. andirae sp. nov. and the species mentioned above, this species induces blister-shaped galls on the upper leaf surface of Andira humilis ( Fabaceae ). L. elliptica makes a parenchymatic gall that forms an elliptical distension of the leaf’s epidermis of Calophyllum brasiliense ( Clusiaceae ). L. similis induces a green leaf with a rolled-margin of Protium heptaphyllum (Aubl.) ( Burseraceae ) ( Narahara et al., 2004). The galls of L. singularis are induced on Pouteria venosa (Mart.) Bahni ( Sapotaceae ) and L.eichhorniae causes swollen rhizome galls on Eichhornia azurea (Sw.) Kunth ( Pontederiaceae ).
The association between the host plant Andira humilis ( Fabaceae ) and the gall maker Lopesia andirae sp. nov. is reported for the first time, as well as the geographical distribution of the Lopesia genus to Mato Grosso and Bahia States.
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