Kundelungua Schouteden, 1951

Jitka Davidová-Vilímová, 1993, Revision of the genus Kundelungua (Heteroptera: Pentatomidae: Podopinae), European Journal of Entomology 90 (2), No. 159 - 175, pp. 159-175 : 159-166

Genus Kundelungua Schouteden, 1951

Ktmdeltmgua Schouteden, 1951: 295-296.

Kundelungtia: Schouteden, 1966: 372 373.

TYPE SPECIESI Kurıdelungııa Íeleupi Schouteden, 1951: 295-296 (orig. design., monobasic).

OTHER SPECIESI Kuııdeluııgııa merídionalis Schouteden, 1966: 372-373.

DISTRIBUTION: The genus Kundelungua occurs in the Afrotropical region: West African subregion (K. leleupi), South African subregion (K. meridionalis). and in the Lemurian region: Madagascar subregion (K. meridionalis).

DESCRIPTION

Somatic characters

Measurements (in mm): Total body length 3.3-4.9: head length 1.0-1. 3, width 1.1-1.4; pronotum length 0.8-1.0, width 1.6-2.3.

Ground color brownish, with beige to yellowish peg-shaped tubercles (their apices IAAUOLL]

General structure: Entire dorsal surface rough, covered with peg-shaped tubercles, interspersed with short, rigid, yellow setae (Figs 24-27). Arrangement of tubercles not bilaterally symmetrical, tubercles longest and densest on head.

Head ( Figs l, 2, 26 -28). Ground color pale to dark brown. Subtriangular in dorsal view. Eyes large, strongly protuberant but not pedunculate. Ocelli small, located among tubercles. Antenniferous tubercles not exceeding lateral edge of head in dorsal view. Anteclypeus and mandibular plates ( MP) long, narrow, narrowing to apices; MP broadly touching each another before anteclypeus, about one and a half times the length of the anteclypeus. Dorsal surface of head slightly convex; discal peg-shaped tubercles shoner than marginal tubercles.

Antennae five-segmented, first segment distinctly short, segments 2-5 approximately equal in length. Bucculae large. elevated, with ventral margin straight. Apex of rostrum reaching to metacoxae. First segment of rostrum not surpassing distal end of bucculae: segments 3 and 4 conspicuously wider than 1 and 2.

Pronotum ( Figs 3-5, 29). Wider than long, narrower anteriorly than posteriorly. Anterior margin almost straight, with a row of six to eight rounded tubercles. Anterolateral margin slightly concave, bearing peg-shaped tubercles, the most anterior tubercle usually the largest; shape and number of tubercles variable intraspecifically. Lateral angle broadly rounded, usually with a single, large, peg-shaped tubercle. Posterolateral and posterior margins almost straight, without tubercles. Posterior angle almost 180° Transverse, wide, depressed groove approximately in the midlength of pronotum divides it into slightly convex anterior and posterior parts.

Venter of thorax (Figs 31-33). Thoracic sterna forming wide, deep sulcus, darker than surrounding area. Proepisternum with small process before coxa. Thoracic pleura: Scent gland orifice without auricle, situated on medial wall of a distinct, mushroom-shaped protuberance (with a narrow base and a wide apex); about 1/3 of apical area of this protuberance distinctly coarse ( Figs 32, 33). Evaporative area situated only on metapleuron, formed by small, approximately circular area surrounding the base of protuberance. Sculpture of evaporative area of usual pentatomoid type ( Fig. 33). Evaporative area with protuberance touching anterior margin of metapleuron at about 1/2 of its width. Evaporative area dark brown, dull, protuberance yellowish.

Legs (Fig. 28). Coxae without processes. Femora approximately cylindrical in cross-section. Tibiae almost triangular in cross-section, narrower than femora, not sulcate, with pale. long setae. Tarsi three-segmented, second segment the shortest.

Scutellum ( Figs 6, 7. 26. 30). Slightly convex, its shape as in Figs 6 and 7. apex broadly rounded. Width of base of scutellum equivalent to width between posterior angles of pronotum. Triangular basal plate distinctly elevated, slightly depressed medially, with many peg-shaped tubercles; plate continuing as shorter (K. Ieleupi) or longer (K. meridionalis) longitudinal, elevated keel. Scutellum extending to posterior margin of abdominal tergum 6 or 7, never exceeding apex of abdomen. Frena developed as oblique, low sclerites at inner surface of scutellum, reaching approximately to the midlength of scutellum.

Exposed parts of dorsum of abdomen and hemielytra ( Figs 6, 7). All external laterotergites (3-7) uncovered (internal laterotergites have not been studied), in case of shorter scutellum and corium also much of posterior mediotergites uncovered. Length of corium variable individually, usually reaching to the middle of tergum 5 (from the middle of tergum 4 to posterior half of tergum 5). Length of membrane variable, from not protruding from the scutellum to exceeding the apex of abdomen (including pygophore). Small lateral triangular part of clavus, and large part of corium, including whole medial fracture, not covered by scutellum.

Venter of abdomen ( Figs 34, 35). Ground color dark brown. Without any distinct structure on base. Spiracles large, distinctly elevated. Saucer-shaped sockets of trichobothria distinct, depressed. Pattern of rather short trichobothria constant from sternum 3 to 7: 0 + 0, 1 + 1. 1+ 1. 2 + 2, 0 + 0. (Pattern 0 + 0. 1+ 1, 1 + 1 or 2 + 1, 2 + 2, 0 + 0 occurs in only one specimen of 20 specimens of K. merídionalis examined.) If only one trichobothrium occurs, it is almost in spiracular line or slightly lateral, if two trichobothria occur, lateral trichobothrium is situated in spiracular line, the medial one medial to this line.

Male external genitalia

Pygophore ( Figs 8-17, 36, 37). Pygophore brown; subquadrate in ventral view, semicircular in posterior view. External opening of pygophore posterior, with small lateral excavation for paramere near ventral rim on each side. External opening covered by large proctiger of complicated shape: depressed laterally, dorsal and ventral margins elevated, dorsal part with distinct, rigid setae, ventral part without setae ( Figs 14, 15, 36, 37).

Ventral wall convex, medially depressed near ventral rim in ventral view. Ventral rim trisinuate in ventral view, carinate; medial, tongue-shaped process of rim recurved at right angle ventrally, lateral parts of lateral processes of rim recurved ventrolaterally ( Figs 8 13, 36, 37). Infolding of rim parallel to ventral wall.

Dorsal rim convex in posterior view; carinate medially, broadly rounded laterally; with sublateral, long, thorn-shaped process directed ventromedially ( Figs 8-13, 36, 37). Infolding of rim almost parallel to dorsal wall; narrow medially, widening laterally where it merges with infolding of lateral rim.

Lateral rim convex in posterior view, broadly rounded ( Figs 8-11). Proximal part of infolding of rim parallel to lateral wall; distal part recurved at right angle to lateral wall. Dorsal process present as low, long, sharp, dark brown longitudinal sclerite on distal part of infolding of rim ( Figs 12, 13).

Structures at inner surface of ventral wall ( Figs 16, 17): A pair of dark brown, subquadrate, longitudinal sclerites near ventral rim. These sclerites continue distally to another pair of interior, subquadrate sclerites, concave in transverse cross-section, formed only by a fine membrane in the middle. Anterior edges of interior sclerites are the most conspicuous structures of the inner surface of ventral wall of pygophore.

Parameres ( Figs 18, 19, 36, 37). Paramere with biramous hypophysis; arms flattened, almost parallel, directed laterally. Base of paramere narrow, continuing to narrow peduncle, which merges with the hypophysis. Ventral arm smaller, narrower, without setae; dorsal arm larger, wide, with distinct setae at margin.

Phallus ( Figs 20-23). Articulatory apparatus small, of usual pentatomoid shape (not illustrated). Phallotheca approximately vase-shaped, narrow; its base wider than apex, with pair of small tubercles ventrally; thecal shield developed only along ventral margin of phallotheca.

Conjunctiva long, distinctly wider than phallotheca, formed by pair of lateral, membranous, biramous processes. Apical part of each process larger than dorsal part; apical part containing brown sclerite (here named medial penial lobe) ( Figs 20-23), which forms dorsal margin of apical part; dorsal part with small, pale brown, flattened sclerite. Medial penial lobe long, narrow, recurved ventrally, flattened dorsoventrally.

Ejaculatory reservoir of unusual shape for Pentatomoidea: its flattened base situated in dorsal part of phallotheca; apical, bulbus-shaped part occupying the whole apex of phallotheca ( Figs 20, 21). Long endophalic ductus projecting from apex of ejaculatory reservoir, S-shaped within conjunctiva ( Figs 20, 21). Secondary gonoporus of equal width to endophalic ductus; recurved ventrodistally, situated near apices of medial penial lobes.

Female external genitalia

Ovipositor of usual pentatomoid shape. Paired ventral eighth laterotergites larger; paired first valvifers distinctly large; paired ventral ninth laterotergites small, lying between ventral eighth laterotergites and first valvifers. Second valvifer unpaired, small, lying between first valvifers. Tergites 10 and ll fused, forming a small, unpaired sclerite lying between ventral ninth laterotergites. There are no significant differences in ovipositor shape between K. leleupi and K. nıeridioııalis.