Sinodromus lanyue, Zhang & Zhang & Zhong, 2025

Zhang, Jianshuang, Zhang, Chengwen & Zhong, Yang, 2025, On small huntsman spiders (Araneae, Philodromidae) occurring in Guizhou and Hubei provinces, China, ZooKeys 1240, pp. 327-368 : 327-368

Sinodromus lanyue sp. nov.

Figs 1 , 4 A, B , 16 , 17 , 18 , 19 , 20 , 23 B

Type material.

China: Hubei Province: Holotype • ♂: Xianning City, Xianan District, Hubei University of Science and Technology , the bamboo forest on the hill behind Lanyue Lake; 29.85°N, 114.34°E; 22 March 2023; Y. Zhong & Q. Lu leg. (Inventory number: MGNU -2025-PHISL 001 ) . Paratypes • 1 ♂, 1 ♀ (Inventory number: MGNU -2025-PHISL 002 ~ 003), the same data as the holotype .

Other material examined.

1 ♂, 1 ♀ ( YHPHI 008 and YHPHI 009 used for sequencing, GenBank accession numbers in Table 1 ), the same data as the holotype.

Etymology.

The species name is derived from the type locality; noun in apposition.

Diagnosis.

Males of the new species are easily distinguished from Sinodromus fujianensis Yao & Liu, 2024 (only congener with described male) by the following combination of morphological characteristics: (1) TA shaped like a cock’s head, with a hump-like, not folded basal apophysis (vs horn-shaped, with a lamellar, folded basal apophysis) (cf. Figs 16 A , 17 A, B , 18 A, C, D and Wang et al. 2024: figs 4 B – E, 5 C, G, I, K); and (2) Con wider than TA, surface relatively smooth (vs narrower than TA, with many scaly serrations) (cf. Figs 16 A , 17 A, B , 18 A – D and Wang et al. 2024: figs 4 B – E, 5 C, G, I, K). Females of the new species resemble those of S. perbrevis Yao & Liu, 2024 in having a similar MS and endogyne but can be recognised by: (1) ET axe-shaped, distinctly widened, wider than midsection of SEF (vs ear-shaped, not widened, nearly as wide as midsection of SEF) (cf. Fig. 19 A, C, E and Wang et al. 2024: figs 7 C, 8 C); and (2) R oval, close together (vs globular, widely separated) (cf. Fig. 19 B, D and Wang et al. 2024: fig. 7 D).

Description.

Male ( MGNU -2025- PHISL 001 ). Total length 3.64. Carapace 1.46 long, 1.29 wide. Abdomen 2.29 long, 0.93 wide. Eye sizes and interdistances: AME 0.05, ALE 0.05, PME 0.03, PLE 0.06, AME – AME 0.16, AME – ALE 0.10, PME – PME 0.23, PME – PLE 0.24, MOQL 0.21, MOQA 0.26, MOQP 0.29, CH 0.15. Sternum 0.87 long, 0.68 wide. Measurements of legs: I 6.03 (1.76, 2.23, 1.56, 1.38, 0.66), II 7.61 (2.18, 1.38, 2.03, 1.78, 0.89), III 4.94 (1.6, 1.67, 1.08, 0.59), IV 5.94 (1.91, 1.95, 1.43, 0.65). Leg formula: II-I-IV-III. Cheliceral furrow with one promarginal tooth.

Colouration in ethanol (Figs 19 F , 20 A – C ). Carapace basically yellow-brown, nearly pear-shaped, ocular region distinctly narrowed, tegument relatively smooth; with three pairs of indistinct, brown, longitudinal stripes, each one including dense black spots: the central pair starting from PLE, extending obliquely at front and vertically at rear, forming a funnel shape, or shaped like capital letter ‘ Y’; the second pair also starting from PLE and extending almost vertically; the third pair running along the edge of the carapace, slightly curved, resembling a pair of parentheses. Chelicerae coloured slightly paler than carapace, cheliceral base with sparse black spots. Sternum uniformly yellowish-white, laterally with many black dots. Endites and labium coloured as cheliceral base, both with dense scopulae on anterior margins. All legs proximally yellowish-white (coxae, trochanters, and femora), distally brown (patellae, tibiae, metatarsi, and tarsi), with many small black dots on dorsal and lateral surfaces, covered by short spines. Abdomen elongate-oval, dorsum brown, clothed with dense hairs and covered by countless black spots, with two pairs of longitudinal, white lines, reaching entire abdominal length: the central pair anteriorly long and widely separated, posteriorly short and convergent, shaped like a tuning fork; the lateral pair running along the edge of the abdomen, almost ascending parallel; ventral abdomen basically yellowish-white, marked with small dense black dots.

Palp (Figs 16 A, B , 17 A, B , 18 A – D ). Tibia relatively long, ~ 2 / 3 of Cy length, with two apophyses arising distally from tibia: VPTA relatively short, ~ 1 / 6–1 / 5 tibia length, subtriangular and nearly erect in ventral view, distinctly curved and dorsally toward posterior part of Te in prolateral view; RTA bifurcated, with a membranous, thumb-like dRTA and a relatively sclerotised, dagger-like vRTA, vRTA relatively long, ~ 1 / 3 tibia length, twice longer than dRTA. Cy ~ 1.9 × longer than wide, basoretrolaterally with an indistinct CP. Te egg-shaped, ~ 1.55 × longer than wide, proximally slightly swollen, prolatero-apically slightly excavated to accommodate Em and Con. SD sinuate, originating at retrolatero-distal portion of Te, proximally aligning clockwise along the tegular retrolateral margin, medially forming a S-shaped SDL in ventral view, with its distal end hidden behind Te and covered by Con, ultimately entering EmB. Em distinctly simplified and small, ~ 1 / 4 Te length, slightly curved, spine-like; EmT sharply pointed and directed retrolatero-distally, terminating at ~ 1 o’clock position. Con weakly sclerotised, with moderate size, ~ 1 / 3 Te length, basally columnar and slightly torqued along its length, apex triangular and terminating at ~ 1 o’clock position, covers Em. TA heavily sclerotised, shaped like a cock’s head, with a hump-like basal apophysis directed anteriorly and a sharp, beak-like apex pointing retrolaterally.

Female ( MGNU -2025- PHISL 002 ). Total length 3.93. Carapace 1.45 long, 1.31 wide. Abdomen 2.66 long, 1.14 wide. Eye sizes and interdistances: AME 0.05, ALE 0.05, PME 0.03, PLE 0.06, AME – AME 0.19, AME – ALE 0.11, PME – PME 0.28, PME – PLE 0.25, MOQL 0.21, MOQA 0.28, MOQP 0.34, CH 0.17. Sternum 0.88 long, 0.64 wide. Measurements of legs: I 4.73 (1.36, 1.81, 1.16, 0.99, 0.57), II 5.37 (1.64, 1.93, 1.31, 1.14, 0.66), III 4.32 (1.4, 1.50, 0.92, 0.5), IV 5.21 (1.73, 1.76, 1.14, 0.58). Leg formula: II-IV-I-III. Cheliceral furrow with one promarginal tooth. Colouration in ethanol as in males, but body slightly paler (Figs 19 G , 20 D – F ).

Epigyne (Fig. 19 A – E ). Epigynal field slightly wider than long; anterior and lateral margins not rebordered, posterior margin delimited; CD and R obscured through epigynal plate in ventral view. A small, located at antero-lateral part of epigynal plate, divided by anterior keel of MS, represented by two C-shaped depressions; the two depressions separated by ~ five diameters. MS more or less U-shaped, or vase-shaped, broad; anterior keel slightly narrowed, ~ 2 / 5 epigyne width, with distinct edges and delimited to A; medial stem slightly widened, ~ 1 / 2 epigyne width; posterior base nearly as wide as anterior keel; both middle stem and posterior base with indistinct lateral rMS alongside with rSEF. SEF shaped like a pair of parentheses; anteriorly distinctly widened, forming axe-shaped ET; midsection narrowed, with distinct edges and delimited to A; posteriorly widened, rSEF not distinct and alongside with rMS. CO indistinct, located at antero-lateral borders of MS, leading to CD which looped to connect with R. CD relatively short, ~ 1 / 4 epigyne length, with a course forming one loop before entering R. R close together, oval, ~ 1.2 × longer than wide, ~ 1 / 2 epigyne length and 1 / 3 epigyne width; receptacular surface hyaline and smooth, inside pigmented, sclerotised and granular. GM distinctly small, slightly protruding, papilliform, located at the antero-lateral surfaces of R. FD membranous and acicular, moderately long, ~ 2 / 5 of R length, originating from the posterior surface of R, directing antero-laterally.

Distribution.

Known from the type locality in Hubei Province, China (Fig. 23 B ).

Figures

Figure 1. Sample collection locations for this project. Hubei Province 1 Jiugongshan National Nature Reserve 2 Hubei University of Science and Technology 3 Jiuling Mountain 4 Qizimei Mountain National Nature Reserve; Guizhou Province 5 Fanjingshan National Nature Reserve 6 Mayanghe National Nature Reserve 7 Xishui National Nature Reserve 8 Guiyang City, Kaiyang County 9 Guiyang City, Wudang District 10 Guiyang City, Yunyan District 11 Guiyang City, Huaxi District.

Figure 4. Living specimens of some Philodromidae species treated in this paper A, B Sinodromus lanyue sp. nov. (♂ ♀) C, D Tibellus japonicus (♂ ♀). Photographs by Q. Lu (Shenzhen).

Figure 16. Sinodromus lanyue sp. nov., holotype male, left palp A ventral view B dorsal view. Abbreviations: Con = conductor; CP = cymbial process; Cy = cymbium; Em = embolus; SDL = sperm duct loop; TA = tegular apophysis; Te = tegulum; VPTA = ventro-prolateral tibial apophysis; vRTA = ventral branch of RTA. Scale bar: 0.2 mm (equal for A, B).

Figure 17. Sinodromus lanyue sp. nov., holotype male, left palp A prolateral view B retrolateral view. Abbreviations: Con = conductor; CP = cymbial process; Cy = cymbium; dRTA = dorsal branch of RTA; EmT = embolic tip; SD = sperm duct; SDL = sperm duct loop; TA = tegular apophysis; Te = tegulum; VPTA = ventro-prolateral tibial apophysis; vRTA = ventral branch of RTA. Scale bar: 0.2 mm (equal for A, B).

Figure 18. Sinodromus lanyue sp. nov., holotype male, left palpal bulb A ventral view B dorsal view C prolateral view D retrolateral view. Abbreviations: Con = conductor; Em = embolus; SD = sperm duct; SDL = sperm duct loop; TA = tegular apophysis; Te = tegulum. Scale bar: 0.2 mm (equal for A – D).

Figure 19. Sinodromus lanyue sp. nov., paratype female (A – E, G) and holotype male (F), epigyne (A – E) and frontal view of carapace (F, G) A macerated, ventral view B macerated, dorsal view C macerated and embedded in arabic gum, ventral view D macerated and embedded in arabic gum, dorsal view E intact, ventral view F male G female. Abbreviations: A = atrium; cCD = course of copulatory duct (red line); CD = copulatory duct; CO = copulatory opening; ET = epigynal tooth; FD = fertilisation duct; GM = glandular mound; MS = median septum; R = receptaculum; rMS = rim of median septum (teal green line); rSEF = rim of sclerotised epigynal fold (blue line); SEF = sclerotised epigynal fold. Scale bars: 0.2 mm (A – E); 0.5 mm (equal for F, G).

Figure 20. Sinodromus lanyue sp. nov., holotype male (A – C) and paratype female (D – F), habitus A, D dorsal view B, E ventral view C, F lateral view Scale bars: 1 mm (equal for A – C, equal for D – F).

Figure 23. Distribution records of the philodromid species in Guizhou Province (A) and Hubei Province (B).