Sanguinoderma niger K. Y. Niu, S. M. Tang & Z. L. Luo, 2025

Niu, Kai-Yang, Su, Xi-Jun, Yu, Feng-Ming, Li, Lin, Luo, Zong-Long & Tang, Song-Ming, 2025, Three new species of Sanguinoderma (Ganodermataceae, Basidiomycota) from Southwest China revealed by morphology and phylogenetic analysis, MycoKeys 118, pp. 245-265 : 245-265

Sanguinoderma niger K. Y. Niu, S. M. Tang & Z. L. Luo sp. nov.

Figs 4, 5 e, f

Diagnosis.

Sanguinoderma niger differs from S. leucomarginatum by having a tomentose, centrally stipitate pileus with dense and radial fine wrinkles, relatively large basidiospores, basidia, and basidioles.

Etymology.

The epithet “ niger ” refers to the black pileus.

Holotype.

China • Guizhou Province, Anshun City , on the ground covered with humus, alt. 1,087 m, 26.195484 ° N, 105.793283 ° E, Xing-Juan Xiao, 19 June 2024, HKAS 144477 .

Description.

Basidiomata annual, centrally stipitate, corky to woody, and hard. Pileus circular, up to 5 cm in diameter and 5 mm thick; Pileus surface black (# 211 f 1 f) to dark grayish orange (# 5 f 5754), dull, tomentose, dense, and radial fine wrinkles; margin grayish (# a 5 a 4 aa), obtuse, entire, and does not curl when dried; Context up to 1 mm, homogeneous, grayish orange (# 938 d 83) when dry, soft and corky without black melanoid lines. Tubes up to 4 mm long, dark grayish (# 8 b 858 f) when dry, hard, woody, and unstratified. Pores 6–7 per mm, spherical to elliptical, grayish yellow (# d 9 d 2 ba) when fresh, becoming red when bruised and then quickly darkening; without discoloration, dissepiments remain intact when dry. Stipe is up to 6 cm long and 4 mm in diameter, cylindrical, hollow, curved, swollen at base, grayish (# bbbbb 9) to grayish orange (# 8 f 796 e), and fibrous to woody.

Hyphal system trimitic, with generative hyphae 3–4 µm in diameter, hyaline and thin-walled with clamp connections; skeletal hyphae 4–6 µm in diameter, pale grey to pale yellow and thick-walled with a wide to narrow lumen or subsolid, straight and little branched; binding hyphae are 2–4 µm in diameter, pale grey, thick-walled, branched, and flexuous; all hyphae IKI –, CB +. Context darkened in KOH. Pileipellis an irregular palisade; apical cells are 25–40 µm × 5–6 µm, tightly packed, narrow lumen, tightly packed together, thick-walled, and pale yellowish-brown, forming irregular palisade. Basidiospores subglobose to globose, pale gray, IKI –, and CB, with double and thick walls; the exospore wall is smooth; endospore wall features faint pillars, (8.9 –) 9.2–11.8 (– 12.6) × (8.0 –) 8.2–9.9 (– 10.0) µm, L = 10.8, W = 9.0, and Q = 1.19 (40 / 2). Under SEM, exospore wall has irregular and discontinuous wart-like protrusions. Cystidia narrowly utriform, hyaline, thin-walled, and 21–27 × 4–8 µm. Basidia broadly clavate, hyaline, thin-walled, and 20–23 × 10–13 µm. Basidioles obovoid to broadly clavate, with many small to large water droplets present, hyaline, thin-walled, and 17–21 × 9–11 µm.

Additional specimens examined.

China • Guizhou Province, Anshun City , on the ground covered with humus, 1,167 m, Xing-Juan Xiao, 19 June 2024, 26.191228 ° N, 105.826624 ° E, HKAS 144475 ; • ibid., 1,155 m, Xing-Juan Xiao, 19 June 2024, HKAS 144476 .

Notes.

In the multi-locus phylogenetic analysis, S. niger formed a sister clade with S. leucomarginatum . However, Sanguinoderma leucomarginatum differs from S. niger ( Sun et al. 2022 b) by the lacks tomentose, white pileus surface, grayish-orange context with black melanoid lines, and longer cystidia (14–20 µm) (Table 2 ).

Sanguinoderma sinuosum Y. F. Sun & B. K. Cui was originally described from Australia. It is similar to S. niger with circular pileus and centrally stipitate and has radial wrinkles on the pileus without concentric rings. However, S. sinuosum has a glabrous pileus, a pileus that is thicker (16 mm), with larger pores (2–3 per mm), absent cystidia and cystidioles, longer pileipellis (50–70 μm), and larger basidiospores (12.5–13.7 × 9.1–10.8 μm). Furthermore, S. niger clusters together with Sanguinoderma sp. 1 reported by Sun et al. (2022 b), receiving good support (84 / 0.99). Sanguinoderma sp. 1 samples (Cui 11017 and HMAS 59720) were collected from Guizhou and Yunnan provinces in China, pileus concentric zones, and radial wrinkles. However, the mature basidiomata of Sanguinoderma sp. 1 (Cui 11017) were not obtained ( Sun et al. 2022 b); thus, these specimens have not been described.

Figures

Figure 4. Morphological characteristics of Sanguinoderma niger (HKAS 144477) a, b basidiomata c pileus cross-section d pores e generative hyphae f skeletal hyphae g skeletal hyphae and binding hyphae h pileipellis i cystidia j basidioles k basidia l basidiospores. Scale bars: 1 cm (a – c); 1 mm (d); 10 µm (e, h, i, j, l); 40 µm (f); 15 µm (g); 5 µm (k).

Figure 5. Scanning Electron Micrograph (SEM) of basidiospores of Sanguinoderma a, b S. aurantiacus (HKAS 144478) c, d S. bambusae (HKAS 144474) e, f S. niger (HKAS 144477). Scale bars: 5 μm (a, b); 3 μm (c – f).