Taeniogonalos taihorina ( Bischoff, 1914 )

Kim, Jeong-Kyu & Tripotin, Pierre, 2024, Taxonomic review of the genus Taeniogonalos Schulz (Hymenoptera: Trigonalyoidea: Trigonalyidae) from Korea, with a description of the male of T. sauteri, Journal of Species Research 13 (3), pp. 269-287 : 282-284

Taeniogonalos taihorina ( Bischoff, 1914)

Geom-eun-gal-go-ri-beol (new Korean name)

( Fig. 5A - E )

Nanogonalos taihorina Bischoff, 1914: 93 , ♀ (holotype), Taiwan: Taihorn [Zoologisches Museum, Humboldt Universität, Berlin, Germany] .

Poecilogonalos maga Teranishi, 1929: 148 , ♀ (holotype), ♂, Japan: Nagano: Shisijima, and Hokkaido: Sapporo [Osaka Museum of Natural History, Japan]; Marshakov 1981: 106 (new combination). Synonymized with T. taihorina by Tan et al. (2017).

Taeniogonalos taihorina : Carmean and Kimsey, 1998: 68 (new combination).

Taeniogonalos maga : Chen et al., 2014: 146 - 150 (redescription of types).

Diagnosis. Both sexes of this species can be separated from the other Korean Taeniogonalos by the most protruding, stout and distantly spaced SAE, the absence or great reduction of the yellow markings on the head and mesosoma, and the shiny appearance of the tegument (often T2 shiner and feebly punctate than other Ts, and other terga not distinctly punctate-reticulate). The dorsomedially broadened occipital carina is also characteristic for this species.

Description. Female. Body length 7.1 - 9.5 mm, forewing length 6.5 - 8.4 mm.

Head. In dorsal view, DSAE 0.44 × as long as distance between eyes. Occipital carina broadened dorsomedially, twice to thrice × as broad as that in lateral part. Frons, vertex, and temple punctate-reticulate, but areas surrounding ocelli smooth; clypeus, mandible, and gena anteriorly densely punctate; gena posteriorly and occiput sparsely to moderately punctate.

Mesosoma. Mesoscutum, scutellum, metanotum, and propodeum except dorsomedian part irregularly reticulate and sinuously ridged partially; propleuron and metapleuron moderately punctate; pronotal side punctate-reticulate anteriorly, longitudinally ridged posteriorly; mesopleuron except larger smooth posterior declivity irregularly reticulate

Metasoma. T1 0.6 × as broad as T2 . T2 without median longitudinal depression. S1 1.6 × as broad as long. T1 smooth; T2 moderately punctate, punctures in dorsum much feebler than those on T3 ; T3 - 6 moderately to densely punctate (not punctate-reticulate); sterna densely punctate, but moderate in larger median part of S2.

Coloration. Body mostly black, mandible subapically (often lost), short stripes along inner and outer orbits (often lost), hind trochanter and trochantellus apically, and apical bands of T1 - 2 yellow. Antennae, apical teeth of mandible, and tarsomeres reddish brown.

Male. Much as in female except usual sexual dimorphic difference. Body length 6.0 - 8.1 mm, forewing length 5.0 - 6.7 mm. Antennae with tyloids as mentioned in the key. Notauli with bottom keels, but not completely interrupted unlike in female. Apicomedian larger part of S2 flattened to very weakly concave.

Biology. This species prefers the cooler temperatures of the mid-elevation areas. In Odaesan (GW) at 800 - 1000 m alt., it was the most abundant Taeniogonalos . Nevertheless, the species is also occasionally present in small number at low elevations.

Adults emerge continuously from mid-June to the end of September, with an important variation in size. However, we have noticed a constant scarcity of males in our collections compared to females (ratio 1/9). This difference is not observed in China or Japan.

Chen et al. (2014) mentioned the rearing of this species from a Tachinid fly (Vibrissima turrita) parasitizing the sawfly Arge pullata ( Hymenoptera : Argidae ).

Material examined (around 70 specimens from South Korea, including the following). South Korea ·[ GG] ♂, Mt. Chukryeongsan , Sudong-myeon, Namyangju-si, 28 ix 1980 ( GS Jang) ; 3♀♀, Mt. Jugeumsan , Pocheon-si, 16 vi 1998 ( JD Yeo) ; ♀, Mt. Yongmunsan , Yangpyeong-gun, 25 vi 1998 ( JD Yeo) ; 2♀♀, Gangssibong , Pocheon-si, 28 vi 1998 ( JD Yeo) [ GW] ♀, Mt. Taebaeksan , Taebaek-si, 23 vii 1986 ( GS Jang) ; ♀, Yongsugol , Seogok-ri, Wonju-si, 5 vii 1996 (HY Han & HW Byun) ; ♀, Yonsei Univ. Campus , Maeji-ri, Wonju-si, 8 vii 1996 ( HW Byun) ; ♀, Cheoneunsa-Sipjabong , Kyirae-myeon, Wonju-si, 15 vi 1997 (HY Han & DS Choi) ; ♀, Jingdong-ri , Girin-myeon, Inje-gun (38°02 ʹ 06.58 ʺ N 128°27 ʹ 18.66 ʺ E), 22 vi - 20 vii 2017 (Malaise trap) ( OC Kwon) [ CN] ♀, Mt. Gyery-

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A B F8 C F9 D

Fig. 6. Taeniogonalos dorsal view, ♂. D, F7 - 14, ♂. Scale bars: 1 mm.

ongsan, Banpo-myeon, Gongju-si, 10 vi 1987 ( TG Han) [ CB] ♀, Odo-ri, Baekun-myeon, Jecheon-si , 2 vii 1996 (HY Han & HW Byun ) [GB] ♀, Huibanggyegok, Mt. Sobaeksan, Yeongju-si, 14 vii 1997 ( DK Chung ) ; ♀, Ungilpokpo, Baekun-ri, Seongju-gun, 17 vi 2000 ( JW Lee) [ GN] ♂, Danjibong, Jungchon-ri, Gabuk-myeon, Geochang-gun, 1 vii 2000 ( BE Mo ) ; ♀, Yeongwonsa, Samjeong-ri, Macheon-myeon, Hamyang-gun, 12 vii 2002 ( JS Park ) ; 2♀♀, Cheondong, Danyang-eup, Danyang-gun (35°57 ʹ 25.1 ʺ N 128°25 ʹ 47.6 ʺ E), 12 vi - 22 vii 2008 (Malaise trap) ( JK Kim ) .

Distribution. Korea (GG, GW, CN, CB, GB, GN; new record), China (Fujian, Gansu, Guangxi, Heilongjiang, Ningxia, Shaanxi, Sichuan, Tibet, Yunnan, Zhejiang); Taiwan, Russia (Amurskaya Oblast, Primorskii Krai, South Sakhalin, Kuril Islands: Kunashir, Shikotan), Japan (Hokkaido, Honshu).

Figures

Fig. 5. Taeniogonalos taihorina (Bischoff). A, General habitus in dorsal view, ♀. B, General habitus in lateral view, ♀. C, Head in frontal view, ♀. D, Head in dorsal view, ♀. E, F7-14, ♂. Scale bars: 1 mm.