Promurex spinicosta ( Bronn, 1831 )

Harzhauser, Mathias, Landau, Bernard M. & Merle, Didier, 2025, The Muricidae (Gastropoda, Muricoidea) of the Miocene Central Paratethys Sea (Haustrinae, Muricinae, Ocenebrinae, Pagodulinae, Typhinae, Muricidae incertae sedis), Zootaxa 5572 (1), pp. 1-162 : 31-33

Promurex spinicosta ( Bronn, 1831)

Figs 1 , 11A–D

* [ Murex ] spinicosta Brn. — Bronn 1831: 34.

[ Murex ] spinicosta Bronn — Hauer 1837: 418.

[ Murex ] spinicosta Bronn — Hörnes 1848: 18.

Murex spinicosta Bronn —Hörnes 1853: 259, pl. 26, figs 6–8.

Murex spinicosta Bronn —Pereira da Costa 1867: 168.

Murex spinicosta Bronn —D’Ancona 1871: 18, pl. 2, fig. 5.

Murex spinicosta Bronn — Fontannes 1879: 1, pl. 1, fig. 1.

Murex spinicosta —Quenstedt 1884: 642, pl. 210, figs 120–121.

Murex spinicosta Bronn —Hoernes & Auinger 1885: 199.

Murex (Tubicauda) spinicosta Bronn — Almera & Bofill 1893: 150, pl. 1, figs 7–8.

Murex (Murex) spinicosta Bronn — Boettger 1902: 27.

Murex (Murex) spinicosta Bronn — Boettger 1906: 40.

Murex (Tubicauda) spinicosta Bronn — Cossmann 1903: 17, pl. 1, fig. 1.

Murex (Tubicauda) spinicosta Br. — Sacco 1904: 18, pl. 4, figs 21–22.

Murex spinicosta Bronn — Schaffer 1908: 105, pl. 11, fig. 3.

Murex (Tubicauda) spinicosta Bronn — Cossmann & Peyrot 1924: 97, pl. 12, figs 26–27.

Murex spinicosta Bronn — Montanaro 1935: 13, pl. 1, fig. 4.

Murex (Tubicauda) spinicosta Bronn — Korobkov 1955: plate captions, pl. 69, fig. 3.

Murex (Tubicauda) spinicosta Bronn — Csepreghy-Meznerics 1956: 399, pl. 5, figs 1–6.

M [urex]. (T [ubicauda].) spinicosta Bronn — Sieber 1958: 145.

Murex (Tubicauda) spinicosta Bronn, 1831 —Kojumdgieva in Kojumdgieva & Strachimirov 1960: 143, pl. 38, fig. 1. Murex (Tubicauda) spinicosta Bronn — Báldi 1960: 66.

Murex (Tubicauda) spinicosta Bronn, 1831 — Strausz 1966: 259, pl. 55, figs 1–4.

[ Murex ] spinicosta Bronn, 1828 — Vokes 1971: 99.

Murex (Promurex) spinicosta Bronn — Ponder & Vokes 1988: 86, fig. 74G.

Murex (Tubicauda) spinicosta Bronn — Nicorici 1972: 68.

Murex (Tubicauda) spinicosta Bronn — Csepreghy-Meznerics 1972: 27, pl. 9, figs 11–13.

? Murex (Haustellum) partschi subspinosa Sacco, 1904 — Steininger 1973: 418.

Murex (Tubicauda) spinicosta Bronn — Caprotti 1974: 26, pl. 2, fig. 1.

Murex (Murex) spinicosta Bronn, 1828 — Stojaspal 1978: 336, pl. 4, fig. 1.

Murex (Tubicauda) spinicosta Bronn — Martinell 1982: 377, pl. 1, figs 11–12.

Murex spinicosta Bronn, 1831 — Inzani & Bertarelli 1985: 26, pl. 1, figs 12–13.

Murex (Tubicauda) spinicosta Bronn, 1831 — Andreoli & Marsigli 1992: 7, pl. 2, fig. 2.

Murex spinicosta ( Bronn, 1831) — Cavallo & Repetto 1992: 84, fig. 181.

Murex (Tubicauda) spinicosta Bronn, 1831 — Bałuk 1995: 213: pl. 22, figs 1–2.

Murex ( Bolinus ) spinicostus Bronn— Schultz 1998: 64, pl. 25, fig. 4.

Murex spinicosta Bronn — Chirli, 2000: 3, pl. 1, figs 1–6.

Murex (Tubicauda) spinicosta Bronn, 1831 — Bałuk 2006: 206, pl. 11, figs 1–2.

Murex (Promurex) spinicosta ( Bronn, 1831) — Landau et al. 2007: 4, text-fig. 1, pl. 1, figs 1–2.

Murex spinicosta ( Bronn, 1831) [sic]— Sosso & Dell’Angelo 2010: 38, 56 unnumbered fig. top row left.

Murex (Promurex) spinicosta Bronn in Michelotti, 1841 — Merle et al. 2011: 62, pl. 10, figs 3–5.

Murex spinicosta Bronn, 1831 — Houart & Héros 2012: 23: fig. 4c.

Murex (Promurex) spinicosta Bronn in Michelotti—Goret et al. 2013: 4, text-fig. 6, pl. 1, fig. 1.

Murex spinicosta Bronn, 1831 — Brunetti 2014: 38, 56 unnumbered fig.

Murex (Promurex) spinicosta Bronn, 1831 — Kovács 2019: 113.

non Murex (Tubicauda) spinicosta Bronn —van Voorthuysen 1944: 63, pl. 4, figs 21–23 [= Promurex sp. ].

non Murex (Tubicauda) spinicosta Bronn —A.W. Janssen 1984: 216, pl. 59, fig. 9 [= Promurex sp. ].

non Murex (Tubicauda) spinicosta Bronn — Atanacković 1969: 204, pl. 10, fig. 7 [= Bolinus submuticus ( Grateloup, 1845) ]. non Murex (Promurex) spinicosta Bronn, 1831 — Stein et al. 2016: 89, text-figs 46a–b, pl. 40, fig. 1 [= Promurex sp. nov.].

Type material. We are not aware of the whereabouts of the type specimens. Bronn (1831) listed occurrences from the Pliocene of Andona and Tabiano ( Italy) as localities .

Illustrated material. NHMW 1846/0037/0202, SL: 58.2 mm, MD: 32.6 mm, Baden ( Austria), illustrated in Hörnes (1853: pl. 26, fig. 6), Figs 11A 1 –A 3 . NHMW 1846/0037/0202, SL: 75.7 mm, MD: 38.2 mm, Baden ( Austria), Figs 11B 1 –B 3 . NHMW 1846/0037/0203a, SL: 46.9 mm, MD: 22.3 mm, Baden ( Austria), illustrated in Hörnes (1853: pl. 26, fig. 7), Figs 11C 1 –C 3 . NHMW 1854/0035/0193, SL: 55.7 mm, MD: 28.7 mm, Lăpugiu de Sus ( Romania), Figs 11D 1 –D 3 .

Additional material. 1 spec., NHMW 1846 /0037/0203 b, SL: 36.8 mm, MD: 19.9 mm, Baden ( Austria) , illustrated in Hörnes (1853: pl. 26, fig. 8); 9 spec., NHMW 1852 /0012/0016, Grund ( Austria) ; 1 spec., NHMW 1855 /0003/0019, Gainfarn ( Austria) ; 1 spec., NHMW 1860 /0015/0674, Niederleis ( Austria) ; 1 spec., NHMW 1869 /0001/0489, Forchtenau ( Austria) ; 6 spec., NHMW 2024 /0070/0001 (A 1486), Baden-Sooss ( Austria) ; 3 spec., NHMW 1890 /0025/0064, Baden ( Austria) ; 1 spec., NHMW 1927 /0002/0286, Bad Vöslau ( Austria) , illustrated in Schaffer (1908: pl. 11, fig. 3); 18 spec., NHMW 1855 /0045/0905, Bad Vöslau ( Austria) ; 8 spec., NHMW 1855 /0045/0904, Bad Vöslau ( Austria) ; 8 spec., NHMW 1867 /0001/0257, Möllersdorf ( Austria) ; 3 spec., NHMW 2024 /0071/0001 (A 249, ex NHMW 1846 /0037/0202), Baden ( Austria) ; 2 spec., NHMW 1863 /0015/0309, Szob ( Hungary) ; 2 spec., NHMW 1865 /0036/0117, Lysice ( Czech Republic) ; 21 spec., NHMW 1870 /0033/0089, Lăpugiu de Sus ( Romania) ; 1 spec., NHMW 1867 /0019/0098, Coşteiu de Sus ( Romania) .

Description. See Landau et al. (2007: 4).

Discussion. The protoconch of Paratethyan specimens of Promurex spinicosta is relatively low conical consisting of about 3.5 smooth whorls ( Ponder & Vokes 1988: fig. 74G), whereas the protoconchs of specimens from the North Sea are higher, slenderer, pointed and have four whorls ( Wienrich 2001: fig. 2; Stein et al. 2016: text-fig. 46a). Therefore, we doubt that the two occurrences are conspecific and provisionally exclude North Sea occurrences from Promurex spinicosta ( Bronn, 1831) . Within the Paratethyan assemblages, specimens from nearshore environments are more robust and have shorter spines compared to specimens from offshore clays. Pliocene specimens of Promurex spinicosta tend to be less solid, have longer spines and often develop more prominent spines on the termination of P5, ADP and MP. These features are not reliably constant and do not justify a separation of the Middle Miocene Paratethyan specimens. Nevertheless, a shift in morphology is obvious.

See Stein et al. (2016: 91) for a detailed discussion on nomenclatorial issues and the availability of the name Murex spinicosta Bronn, 1831 .

Paleoenvironment. Frequent occurrences in the Baden Formation of the Vienna Basin suggest middle to outer neritic settings in up to 250 m water depth as preferred habitat ( Kranner et al. 2021), but inner neritic occurrences (e.g., Gainfarn) are documented as well.

Distribution in Central Paratethys.? Ottnangian (Early Miocene): Kaltenbachgraben ( Germany) ( Steininger 1973). Badenian (Middle Miocene): Korytnica Basin: Korytnica ( Bałuk 1995); North Alpine-Carpathian Foreland Basin: Grund ( Austria) (Hoernes & Auinger 1885), Lysice ( Czech Republic) (hoc opus); Vienna Basin: Baden, Bad Vöslau, Enzesfeld, Gainfarn, Gumpoldskirchen, Möllersdorf, Niederleis ( Austria) (Hoernes & Auinger 1885); Pannonian Basin: Herend, Letkés, Szokolya, Szob ( Hungary) ( Báldi 1960; Strausz 1966); Mecsek Mountains: Mecsekpölöske ( Hungary) ( Strausz 1966); Şimleu Basin: Tusa ( Romania) ( Nicorici 1972); Făget Basin: Coşteiu de Sus, Lăpugiu de Sus ( Romania) ( Boettger 1902; Kovács 2019); Dacian Basin: Bivolare, Opanec, Staropatica, Urovene ( Bulgaria) (Kojumdgieva in Kojumdgieva & Strachimirov 1960).

Mediterranean Sea. Pliocene: France ( Fontannes 1879), Italy ( Sacco 1904; Caprotti 1974; Chirli, 2000) (see Landau et al. 2007 for details on Pliocene records).

Northeastern Atlantic. Burdigalian (Early Miocene): Aquitaine Basin: Saint-Jean-de-Marsacq ( France) ( Cossmann & Peyrot 1924); Langhian (Middle Miocene): Aquitaine Basin: Saubrigues ( France) Cossmann & Peyrot 1924); Tortonian (Late Miocene): Algarve Basin: Cacela ( Portugal) (Pereira da Costa 1867); Po Basin: Montegibbio ( Italy) ( Montanaro 1935).

Genus Exquisitor Merle, Garrigues & Pointier, 2022

Type species. Murex exquisitus G.B. Sowerby III, 1904 ; original designation by Merle et al. (2022: 478); present-day, West Africa.

Figures

FIGURE 1. Cord diagrams and apertural features for Haustrinae [Haustrum? pyrulatum (Hoernes & Auinger, 1882)] and Muricinae [Bolinus gapus (De Gregorio, 1885a), Bolinus partschi (Hörnes, 1853), Chicoreus (Triplex) aquitanicus (Grateloup, 1833), Chicoreus (Triplex) hirmetzli (Kovács, 2018), Chicoreus (Triplex) notatus (Eichwald, 1830). Hexaplex (Trunculariopsis) trunculoides (Pusch, 1837), Hexaplex (Trunculariopsis) esplus (De Gregorio, 1885a), Hexaplex(Trunculariopsis) subasperrimus (d’Orbigny, 1852), Promurex spinicosta (Bronn, 1831), Exquisitor graniferus (Michelotti, 1841)].

FIGURE 3. Bolinus gapus (De Gregorio, 1885a). A1–A3. NHMW 1847/0046/0030, Szob (Hungary). B1–B3. paralectotype, NHMW 1860/0015/1270, Grund (Austria). C1–C3. NHMW1869/0001/0280, Grund (Austria). D1–D3. lectotype, NHMW 1856/0050/0122, Gainfarn (Austria).

FIGURE 11. Promurex spinicosta (Bronn, 1831). A1–A3. NHMW 1846/0037/0202, Baden (Austria). B1–B3. NHMW 1846/0037/0202, Baden (Austria). C1–C3. NHMW 1846/0037/0203a, Baden (Austria). D1–D3. NHMW 1854/0035/0193, Lăpugiu de Sus (Romania).