Chicoreus (Triplex) notatus ( Eichwald, 1830 )

Harzhauser, Mathias, Landau, Bernard M. & Merle, Didier, 2025, The Muricidae (Gastropoda, Muricoidea) of the Miocene Central Paratethys Sea (Haustrinae, Muricinae, Ocenebrinae, Pagodulinae, Typhinae, Muricidae incertae sedis), Zootaxa 5572 (1), pp. 1-162 : 20-23

publication ID	https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5572.1.1
publication LSID	lsid:zoobank.org:pub:7AF6A560-3FAC-4490-B167-327A7912F242
persistent identifier	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/F73C87F9-FFF5-804C-FF50-AF58F916BCD5
treatment provided by	Plazi
scientific name	Chicoreus (Triplex) notatus ( Eichwald, 1830 )
status

Treatment

Chicoreus (Triplex) notatus ( Eichwald, 1830)

Figs 1 View FIGURE 1 , 7A–E View FIGURE 7

* M [urex]. notatus — Eichwald 1830: 225.

Murex View in CoL notatus m. — Eichwald 1851: 100, pl. 8, fig. 9.

Murex View in CoL notatus m. — Eichwald 1852: plate captions, pl. 8, fig. 9.

Mur [ex]. notatus m. — Eichwald 1853: 188.

Murex Borni Hörnes —Hörnes, 1853: 253, pl. 25, figs 18a–c.

Murex (Chicoreus) michelottii Bellardi View in CoL — Csepreghy-Meznerics 1956: p. 400, pl. 5, figs 21–22, pl. 6, fig. 7 [non Chicoreus (Triplex) michelottii ( Bellardi, 1873) View in CoL ].

Murex (Chicoreus) Borni M. Hoern. View in CoL —Hoernes & Auinger 1885: 208.

Ch [icoreus]. (Ch [icoreus].) borni (Hörn.) — Sieber 1958: 144.

Chicoreus (Foveomurex) borni (Hörn.) View in CoL — Báldi 1960: 65, pl. 2, fig. 4.

Murex (Chicoreus) michelottii Bellardi, 1872 View in CoL — Strausz 1966: 261, pl. 31, figs 2, 3, 6 [non Chicoreus (Triplex) michelottii ( Bellardi, 1873) View in CoL ].

[ Chicoreus View in CoL ] borni Hörnes, 1853 View in CoL — Vokes 1971: 24.

[ Chicoreus View in CoL ] notatus Eichwald, 1830 — Vokes 1971: 75.

Chicoreus borni (Hoernes, 1853) View in CoL — Stojaspal 1978: 334.

Hexaplex (Muricanthus) turonensis pontileviensis Tournouër, 1875 — Nikolov 1994: 48, pl. 1, figs 3–4 [non Murex View in CoL turoniensis var. pontileviensis Tournouër, 1875 = Hexaplex (Trunculariopsis) turonensis ( Dujardin, 1837) View in CoL ].

Chicoreus (Chicoreus) borni (Hörnes) View in CoL — Schultz 1998: 64, pl. 25, fig. 2.

Chicoreus View in CoL (? Triplex View in CoL ) notatus ( Eichwald, 1830 — Merle et al. 2011: 234.

Chicoreus (Triplex) borni (Hoernes, 1853) View in CoL — Merle et al. 2011: 352, pl. 54, fig. 5.

Chicoreus (Chicoreus) borni (Hörnes) View in CoL — Popa et al. 2014: 14, pl. 4, fig. 4.

Chicoreus (Triplex) borni (Hörnes, 1853) View in CoL — Kovács et al. 2018: 113, figs 2L–M.

Chicoreus (Triplex) foliosus View in CoL (Bonelli in Bellardi, 1873)— Kovács et al. 2018: 114, figs 2T–U, 3A–D [non Chicoreus (Triplex) foliosus ( Bellardi, 1873) View in CoL ].

Chicoreus (Triplex) borni (Hörnes, 1853) View in CoL — Kovács 2019: 115, figs 7–8.

Type material. Syntype of Murex notatus : specimen illustrated in Eichwald (1851, pl. 8, fig. 9), SL: 42 mm, MD: 30 mm (according to illustration in Eichwald 1851, 1852), Badenian (Middle Miocene), Zhukivtsi (= Żukowice) ( Ukraine). The specimen could not be reliably identified in the St. Petersburg State University, Paleontological Museum ( Russia), Figs 7E View FIGURE 7 . Lectotype of Murex borni Hörnes, 1853 (designated herein): NHMW 1846/0037/0230, SL: 48.9 mm, MD: 27.5 mm, Gainfarn ( Austria), illustrated in Hörnes (1853: pl. 25, fig. 18), Figs 7A View FIGURE 7 1 –A View FIGURE 1 3 View FIGURE 3 . Paratypes: 1 spec., NHMW 1855/0002/0079, Steinebrunn ( Austria); 11 spec., NHMW 1855/0045/0443, Gainfarn ( Austria).

Illustrated material. NHMW 1874/0025/0026, SL: 50.3 mm, MD: 29.6 mm, Lăpugiu de Sus ( Romania), Figs 7B View FIGURE 7 1 –B View FIGURE 1 3 View FIGURE 3 . NHMW 1853/0002/0049, SL: 27.1 mm, MD: 15.1 mm, Bad Vöslau, Figs 7C View FIGURE 7 1 –C View FIGURE 1 2 View FIGURE 2 . NHMW 2024/0065/0001, SL: 51.6 mm, MD: 26.4 mm, Baden ( Austria), Figs 7D View FIGURE 7 1 –D View FIGURE 1 3 View FIGURE 3 .

Additional material. 2 spec., NHMW 1857 View Materials /0050/0121, Gainfarn ( Austria) ; 2 spec., NHMW 1869 View Materials /0001/0480, Forchtenau ( Austria) ; 1 spec., NHMW 1860 View Materials /0001/0195, Steinebrunn ( Austria) ; 5 spec., NHMW 1857 View Materials /0014/0018, Steinebrunn ( Austria) ; 1 spec., NHMW 1853 View Materials /0002/0049, Bad Vöslau ( Austria) ; 2 spec., NHMW 1872 View Materials /0030/0041, Baden-Sooss ( Austria) ; 3 spec., NHMW 1868 View Materials /0001/0215, Grund ( Austria) ; 6 spec., NHMW 1865 View Materials /0001/0192, Lăpugiu de Sus ( Romania) ; 1 spec., NHMW 1867 View Materials /0029/0094, Coşteiu de Sus ( Romania) .

Revised description. Medium-sized, solid, trivaricate, broadly fusiform shell with scalate spire, apical angle ~50–58°. Protoconch conical of 2.5 weakly convex, smooth whorls. Teleoconch of up to seven whorls. Early teleoconch whorls convex with incised suture and three varices and three only slightly weaker intervarical ribs; spiral sculpture of IP and P1–P3. Later teleoconch whorls shouldered with convex subsutural ramp bearing moderately prominent IP, and weaker adis and abis; single tertiary thread intercalated in interspaces. Last whorl attaining ~70% of total height, convex with rounded shoulder.Axial sculpture of three prominent varices with one broad intervarical rib intercalated. Varices broad, foliaceous, with short spines in subadult specimens; rounded, without spines in fully grown specimens. P1–P5 not very prominent, rounded; P6 indistinct on base of convex part of whorl; s1–s6 forming narrow cords adjoined adapically by three slightly weaker tertiary threads and abapically by up to three weak tertiary threads. ADP and MP prominent, ABP slightly weaker; secondary cords ads and ms. Aperture ovate. Outer lip with weakly crenulate edge, with small denticles placed short distance behind peristome corresponding to ID, D1 to D6; ID and D1–D3 usually simple; D4–D6 bifid. Anal canal accentuated by distinct anal denticle. Siphonal canal of medium length, open, slightly deflected to the left, slightly dorsally recurved. Columella moderately to strongly excavated in adapical half with angled transition to siphonal canal. Columellar callus sharply delimited, forming broad adherent rim.

Paratethyan synonyms. Murex borni Hörnes, 1853 , Badenian (Middle Miocene), Austria. Eichwald (1851, 1852) illustrated a fragmentary specimen of Murex notatus Eichwald, 1830 , which agrees well with Chicoreus (Triplex) borni in size and outline. Especially the delicate tertiary spiral threads are characteristic for this species. Therefore, Murex notatus Eichwald, 1830 has priority over the more established Murex borni . As Murex notatus was used as available name by several authors (in various generic combinations, e.g., Vokes 1971; Merle et al. 2011), it cannot be treated as nomen oblitum.

Discussion. Subadult specimens of Chicoreus (Triplex) notatus ( Eichwald, 1830) are characterized by foliaceous varices with short spines, whereas adult shells have smooth varices. Adult shells only rarely show spines on the terminal varix (e.g., Merle et al. 2011: pl. 54, fig. 5). Specimens with prominent sculpture are reminiscent of the Middle Miocene to Pliocene Chicoreus (Triplex) foliosus ( Bellardi, 1873) . They are distinguished by the more convex last whorl of Chicoreus (Triplex) foliosus (see Ferrero Mortara et al. 1981: pl. 1, figs 10a–b; Landau et al. 2007: pl. 3, fig. 7; Merle et al. 2011: 348, pl. 52, figs 4–7). Nikolov (1994) identified a small specimen (SL: 28 mm) from the Badenian of Opanec ( Bulgaria) as Hexaplex (Muricanthus) turonensis pontileviensis ( Tournouër, 1875) . This specimen seems to represent a subadult specimen of Chicoreus (Triplex) notatus with short spines on the varices.

Paleoenvironment. Inner neritic environments partly with seagrass (e.g., Gainfarn) ( Zuschin et al. 2007) but also deeper water environments.

Distribution in Central Paratethys. Badenian (Middle Miocene): Polish-Ukrainian Fore-Carpathian Basin: Ternopil ( Ukraine) (Hoernes & Auinger 1885); Żukowce (Zhukivtsi) ( Eichwald 1830); Vienna Basin: Baden-Sooss, Bad Vöslau, Gainfarn, Enzesfeld, Niederleis, Steinebrunn ( Austria) (Hoernes & Auinger 1885); Eisenstadt-Sopron Basin: Forchtenau ( Austria) (Hoernes & Auinger 1885); Pannonian Basin: Hosszúhetény, Letkés, Szokolya ( Hungary) ( Báldi 1960; Kovács et al. 2018); Bakony Mountains: Bánd ( Hungary) ( Kovács 2020); Mecsek Mountains: Mecsekpölöske ( Hungary) ( Kovács 2020); Făget Basin: Coşteiu de Sus, Lăpugiu de Sus ( Romania) (Hoernes & Auinger 1885; Kovács 2019); Dacian Basin: Opanec ( Bulgaria) ( Nikolov 1994).

Genus Hexaplex Perry, 1810

Type species. Hexaplex foliacea Perry, 1811 View in CoL [= Hexaplex cichoreum ( Gmelin, 1791) View in CoL ]; subsequent designation by Iredale (1915: 469). Present-day, Indo-West Pacific.

Subgenus Trunculariopsis Cossmann, 1921

Type species. Murex trunculus Linnaeus, 1758 View in CoL ; original designation by Cossmann (1921: 79). Present-day, Mediterranean Sea.

NHMW	Naturhistorisches Museum, Wien

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Taxonomy

Kingdom	Animalia
Phylum	Mollusca
Class	Gastropoda
Order	Neogastropoda
Family	Muricidae
Genus	Chicoreus