Heteropurpura catosus (De Gregorio, 1885a)

Harzhauser, Mathias, Landau, Bernard M. & Merle, Didier, 2025, The Muricidae (Gastropoda, Muricoidea) of the Miocene Central Paratethys Sea (Haustrinae, Muricinae, Ocenebrinae, Pagodulinae, Typhinae, Muricidae incertae sedis), Zootaxa 5572 (1), pp. 1-162 : 40-43

Heteropurpura catosus (De Gregorio, 1885a)

Figs 13 , 16A–D

[ Murex ] craticulatus Brocc. — Hörnes 1848: 18 [non Gracilipurpura craticulata ( Bucquoy & Dautzenberg, 1882) ].

Murex craticulatus Brocc. —Hörnes 1853: 234, pl. 24, fig. 10 [non figs 9, 11 = Ocenebra ergnapus (De Gregorio, 1885a) ].

Murex craticulatus — Quenstedt 1884: 644, pl. 211, fig. 3 [non Gracilipurpura craticulata ( Bucquoy & Dautzenberg, 1882) ].

* [ Murex craticulatus ] F. a catosus De Greg. —De Gregorio 1885a: 244 [pro Murex craticulatus sensu Hörnes 1853 : pl. 24, fig. 10].

[ Murex craticulatus ] F. a elingus De Greg.—De Gregorio 1885a: 245 [pro Murex craticulatus sensu Hörnes 1853 : pl. 24, fig. 10].

Murex ( Occenebra [sic]) craticulatus Linn. —Hoernes & Auinger 1885: 220, pl. 27, figs 1–2 [non Gracilipurpura craticulata ( Bucquoy & Dautzenberg, 1882) ].

Ocenebra craticulata L.— Friedberg 1912: 180, text-fig. 43, pl. 11, fig. 13 [non Gracilipurpura craticulata ( Bucquoy & Dautzenberg, 1882) ].

Ocenebra craticulata L. var. subspinosa Friedb. — Friedberg 1912: 181, pl. 11, fig. 14.

Hadriania mioincrassata Sacco —Friedberg 1928: 590 [non Heteropurpura mioincrassata ( Sacco, 1904) ].

Hadriania mioincrassata Sacco — Friedberg 1938: 118 [non Heteropurpura mioincrassata ( Sacco, 1904) ].

[ Hadriania mioincrassata Sacco ] var. subspinosa Friedb. — Friedberg 1938: 118.

Tritonalia (Hadriania) mioincrassata (Sacco) — Csepreghy-Meznerics 1950: 47, pl. 3, fig. 1. [non Heteropurpura mioincrassata ( Sacco, 1904) ].

Tritonalia (Hadriania) mioincrassata Sacco, 1904 — Strausz 1954: 25, pl. 4, fig. 92 [non Heteropurpura mioincrassata ( Sacco, 1904) ]

Murex craticulata L. var. pliocarinata Sacco — Moisescu 1955a: 258 [non Gracilipurpura craticuloides ( Vokes, 1964) ]

Hadriania craticulata Brocchi var. subspinosa Friedb. — Korobkov 1955: plate captions, pl. 71, figs 12a–b.

H [adriania]. craticulata L.— Sieber 1958: 146 [non Gracilipurpura craticulata ( Bucquoy & Dautzenberg, 1882) ].

Hadriania mioincrassata ( Sacco 1904) — Kojumdgieva in Kojumdgieva & Strachimirov 1960: 151, pl. 40, fig. 12 [non Heteropurpura mioincrassata ( Sacco, 1904) ].

Hadriania craticulata Brocchi, 1814 — Strausz 1966: 276, pl. 51, figs 15–16 [non Gracilipurpura craticulata ( Bucquoy & Dautzenberg, 1882) ].

Hadriania craticulata mioincrassata Sacco, 1904 — Strausz 1966: 276, pl. 33, figs 3–4 [non Heteropurpura mioincrassata ( Sacco, 1904) ].

Hadriania mioincrassata ( Sacco, 1904) — Zelinskaya et al. 1968: 189, pl. 45, fig. 5 [non Heteropurpura mioincrassata ( Sacco, 1904) ].

Hadriania craticulata var. subspinosa ( Friedberg, 1912) — Zelinskaya et al. 1968: 190, pl. 45, figs 6–7.

Tritonalia (Hidriania [sic]) mioincrassata ( Sacco, 1904) —Hinculov in Iliescu et al. 1968: 140, pl. 34, figs 9a–b [non Heteropurpura mioincrassata ( Sacco, 1904) ].

[ Hadriania ] catosus De Gregorio, 1885 — Vokes 1971: 31.

Hadriania craticulata Brocc. 1814 — Steininger 1973: 419, pl. 6, fig. 5 [non Gracilipurpura craticulata ( Bucquoy & Dautzenberg, 1882) ].

Ocenebra (Hadriania) mioincrassata (Sacco, 1890) — Stojaspal 1978: 338, pl. 5, fig. 3 [non Heteropurpura mioincrassata ( Sacco, 1904) ].

Ocenebra (Hadriania) subspinosa ( Friedberg, 1912) — Stojaspal 1978: 335.

Hadriania mioincrassata ( Sacco, 1904) — Švagrovský 1982: 386, pl. 1, fig. 4. [non Heteropurpura mioincrassata ( Sacco, 1904) ].

Ocenebra (Hadriania) mioincrassata (Sacco) — Schultz 1998: 66, pl. 26, fig. 9 [non Heteropurpura mioincrassata ( Sacco, 1904) ].

Ocenebra (Hadriania) mioincrassata (Sacco, 1890) —Harzhauser 2002: 97, pl. 6, fig. 12 [non Heteropurpura mioincrassata ( Sacco, 1904) ].

Murex (Bolinus) partschi Hörnes, 1856 — Mikuž 2009: 26, pl. 8, figs 101–102 [non Bolinus partschi (Hörnes, 1853) ].

Hadriania mioincrassata (Sacco) — Kovács 2020: 464, pl. 3, figs 8–9 [non Heteropurpura mioincrassata ( Sacco, 1904) ].

non Hadriania mioincrassata Sacco 1904 — Pfister & Wegmüller 2007: 159, pl. 4, figs 10–16

[= unidentifiable fragments].

Type material. Holotype: NHMW 1846 /0037/0223, SL: 34.8 mm, MD: 21.9 mm, Gainfarn ( Austria), illustrated in Hörnes (1853: pl. 24, fig. 10), Figs 16C 1 –C 2 .

Illustrated material. NHMW 1999 z0098/0009, SL: 37.7 mm, MD: 19.7 mm, Enzesfeld ( Austria), illustrated in Hoernes & Auinger (1885: pl. 27, fig. 1), Figs 16A 1 –A 2 . NHMW 1855 /0045/0086, SL: 32.8 mm, MD: 17.4 mm, Steinebrunn ( Austria), Figs 16B 1 –B 2 . NHMW 1865 /0001/0789, SL: 44.5 mm, MD: 25.8 mm, Vienna /Grinzing ( Austria), illustrated in Hoernes & Auinger (1885: pl. 27, fig. 2), Figs 16D 1 –D 2 .

Additional material. 15 spec., NHMW 1856 /0037/0229, Enzesfeld and Gainfarn ( Austria) ; 10 spec., NHMW 1846 /0037/0225, Enzesfeld and Gainfarn ( Austria) ; 18 spec., NHMW 1855 /0045/0685, Grund ( Austria) ; 14 spec., NHMW 1851 /0002/0035, Grund ( Austria) ; 7 spec., NHMW 2024 /0050/0001 (A 936), Grund ( Austria) ; 11 spec., NHMW 1855 /0045/0685, Grund ( Austria) ; 18 spec., NHMW 1848 /0003/0021, Ritzing ( Austria) ; 4 spec., NHMW 1862 /0018/0098, Hidas ( Hungary) ; 5 spec., NHMW 1851 /0010/0028, Mikulov ( Czech Republic) .

Revised description. Medium-sized, moderately slender shell with long siphonal canal; apical angle ~60– 67°. Protoconch unknown. Teleoconch of up to seven whorls. Suture strongly incised, shallowly undulating. Early teleoconch whorls convex with cancellate sculpture; later whorls with broad, straight sided to weakly concave subsutural ramp, sharp shoulder placed below mid-whorl, constricted below. Last whorl attaining ~75–78% of total height; with broad, moderately steep subsutural ramp, sharp shoulder angulation, weakly convex below, rapidly contracting at base. Axial sculpture of nine prominent ribs, fading over subsutural ramp. Spiral sculpture: first and second whorl, IP and P1; third whorl, IP, P1,P2 and P3; fourth whorl, IP, P1, P3, and s2; fourth whorl, adis, IP, P1, P2, P3 and s2; fifth and sixth whorl: adis, IP abis, P1, P2, P3 and s2; seventh whorl, adis, IP, abis, P1 to P6 and, s1 to s6 (occasional), ADP to ABP. Cords adis, IP and abis of subequal strength on subsutural ramp, strongly scabrose. P1 along shoulder most prominent, forming short, open spines on axial ribs. P2–P6, ADP, MP, ABP prominent, rounded, separated by wider interspaces bearing much weaker, scabrose s1–s6; single delicate tertiary thread may be intercalated on each side of secondaries. Close-set, scabrose growth lines in interspaces. Fasciole weakly swollen, separated from siphonal canal by narrow groove. Aperture pyriform; outer lip thickened, with crenulate edge, marked incision at P1. Elongate denticles close behind peristome: ID trifid, D1 simple, D2 to D5 simple or bifid, D6 simple. Anal canal wide, poorly delimited. Siphonal canal very long, narrow, open, bent to the left, straight, weakly recurved at tip. Columella broadly excavated, smooth, weakly angled at siphonal canal. Columellar callus forming broad rim, sharply delimited, weakly erect at siphonal canal, adherent in parietal area.

Paratethyan synonyms. Hörnes (1853: pl. 25, figs 9–11) illustrated three specimens from the Badenian of Austria, which he erroneously identified as Murex craticulatus Brocchi, 1814 [= Gracilipurpura craticuloides ( Vokes, 1964) ]. De Gregorio (1885a, b) introduced new names for the specimens and in so doing, caused considerable confusion. The first problem is that De Gregorio (1885a) referred to plate 25 in Hörnes (1853), whereas the discussed specimens are illustrated on plate 24. Therefore, his designations are ambiguous. The plate designation was obvious a lapsus, and his intentions results in following synonymies: Hörnes (1853, pl. 24, fig. 9), Grund ( Austria) = Murex craticulatus ergnapus (page 245 in De Gregorio 1885a); Hörnes (1853, pl. 24, fig. 10), Gainfarn ( Austria) = Murex craticulatus catosus (page 244 in De Gregorio 1885a); Hörnes (1853, pl. 24, fig. 11), Grund ( Austria) = Murex craticulatus perisus (page 244 in De Gregorio 1884) and Murex craticulatus erpis (page 245 in De Gregorio 1885a). In addition, De Gregorio (1885a: 245) introduced Murex craticulatus elingus for figs 9 and 10 in Hörnes (1853: pl. 24). Thus, De Gregorio (1885a) introduced two names for each specimen. As first revisers we give the following names priority:

Murex ergnapus De Gregorio, 1885a for the specimen illustrated in Hörnes (1853, pl. 24, fig. 9) [described herein as Ocinebrina ergnapus (De Gregorio, 1885a) ].

Murex catosus De Gregorio, 1885a for the specimen illustrated in Hörnes (1853, pl. 24, fig. 10) [described herein as Heteropurpura catosus (De Gregorio, 1885a) ].

Murex perisus De Gregorio, 1885a for the specimen illustrated in Hörnes (1853, pl. 24, fig. 11) [herein considered a synonym of Ocenebra ergnapus (De Gregorio, 1885a) ].

For Murex craticulatus elingus we chose the specimen illustrated in Hörnes (1853, pl. 24, fig. 10) as type, which thus becomes an objective synonym of Murex catosus (herein as Heteropurpura catosus ).

To complicate things further, De Gregorio (1884) introduced Murex craticulatus pernutus for the specimen illustrated in Hörnes (1853: pl. 24, fig. 12). This specimen, however, was described by Hörnes (1853) as Murex schoenni and is unrelated to the ‘ craticulatus -group’ of Hörnes (1853) and De Gregorio (1885a). It is unclear to which specimen De Gregorio (1885a) referred. We consider this to be a junior subjective synonym of Ocinebrina schoenni (Hörnes, 1853) .

Ocenebra craticulata subspinosa Friedberg, 1912 is based on a specimen with more prominent spines and is treated herein as junior subjective synonym of Heteropurpura catosus (De Gregorio, 1885a) .

Discussion. Since Csepreghy-Meznerics (1950) the Paratethyan shells have been identified as Heteropurpura mioincrassata ( Sacco, 1904) . That species was described from the Tortonian (Late Miocene) of S. Agata ( Italy) (lectotype designated by Švagrovský (1982: 386) illustrated in Sacco (1904: pl. 6, fig. 21). This identification has been uncritically followed by most subsequent authors although H. mioincrassata differs distinctly from the Paratethyan specimens in its much higher spire, higher spire whorls, the much more delicate spiral sculpture and the shorter and closed siphonal canal. The Pliocene Mediterranean Heteropurpura craticuloides ( Vokes, 1964) differs from Heteropurpura catosus (De Gregorio, 1885a) in its higher spire, strongly incised suture, comparatively more delicate spiral sculpture and closed siphonal canal (see Landau et al. 2007: 35 for Heteropurpura craticuloides ).

Heteropurpura catosus is highly reminiscent of the Mediterranean Pliocene Heteropurpura polymorpha ( Brocchi, 1814) and might be an ancestor of that species. Heteropurpura polymorpha is an extraordinarily variable species but generally it differs from Heteropurpura catosus in its more prominent primary cords with a keel-like P1. In many specimens P1 and P2 form a wide, cancellate pattern with axial ribs, which is not seen on Heteropurpura catosus .

Specimens from the Eggenburgian/Ottnangian (Early Miocene) of the Belpberg region ( Switzerland), described by Pfister & Wegmüller (2007) as ‘ Hadriania mioincrassata Sacco’, are neither Heteropurpura mioincrassata nor Heteropurpura catosus and differ from both species in their rounded shoulder. The poor preservation does not allow their identification.

Paleoenvironment. Shallow marine, inner neritic.

Distribution in Central Paratethys. Karpatian (Early Miocene): Pannonian Basin: Várpalota ( Hungary) ( Steininger 1973); Korneuburg Basin: Stetten, Karnabrunn, Kleinebersdorf ( Austria) (Harzhauser 2002). Badenian (Middle Miocene): Korytnica Basin: Korytnica ( Poland) ( Friedberg 1938); Polish-Ukrainian Fore-Carpathian Basin: Zgłobice ( Poland) ( Friedberg 1938); Voronyaky Hills: Podhorce (Pidhirtsi) ( Ukraine) ( Friedberg 1938); North Alpine-Carpathian Foreland Basin: Grund ( Austria) (Hoernes & Auinger 1885); Vienna Basin: Gainfarn, Enzesfeld ( Austria), Mikulov ( Czech Republic) (Hoernes & Auinger 1885), Borský Mikuláš ( Slovakia) ( Švagrovský 1982); Oberpullendorf Basin: Ritzing ( Austria) (Hoernes & Auinger 1885); Pannonian Basin: Hidas ( Hungary) ( Kovács 2020); Bakony Mountains: Bánd ( Hungary) ( Kovács 2020); Krka Basin: Šentjerneja ( Slovenia) ( Mikuž 2009); Mehadia Basin: Valea Bela Reca ( Romania) (Hinculov in Iliescu et al. 1968); Dacian Basin: Trifonovo, Dobrusha ( Bulgaria) (Kojumdgieva in Kojumdgieva & Strachimirov 1960).

Genus Kestocenebra Vermeij, 1998

Type species. Murex curvicosta Grateloup, 1845 ; original designation by Vermeij (1998: 860). Early Miocene, France.

Discussion. In his key to the muricid genera with a labral tooth, Vermeij (1998: 857) stated for Kestocenebra : “ spiral sculpture consisting of five strong cords on last whorl above canal, of which the third ends in labral tooth”. In Kestocenebra vermeiji sp. nov. the labral tooth is developed on P4, not P3. This is also seen in illustrations of Kestocenebra curvicosta ( Grateloup, 1845) and Kestocenebra striaeformis ( Michelotti, 1841) in Sacco (1904: pl. 6, figs 15–16) and Vermeij (1998: fig. 2) that suggest that P3 is atrophied in these species and that the labral tooth is developed on P4.

All the species discussed herein in Kestocenebra have a brown calcitic surface layer.

The genus originated during the Early Miocene, when it is known from the northeastern Atlantic and the Proto-Mediterranean Sea. The Paratethyan occurrences from the lower Langhian are the stratigraphically youngest records.

Figures

FIGURE 1. Cord diagrams and apertural features for Haustrinae [Haustrum? pyrulatum (Hoernes & Auinger, 1882)] and Muricinae [Bolinus gapus (De Gregorio, 1885a), Bolinus partschi (Hörnes, 1853), Chicoreus (Triplex) aquitanicus (Grateloup, 1833), Chicoreus (Triplex) hirmetzli (Kovács, 2018), Chicoreus (Triplex) notatus (Eichwald, 1830). Hexaplex (Trunculariopsis) trunculoides (Pusch, 1837), Hexaplex (Trunculariopsis) esplus (De Gregorio, 1885a), Hexaplex(Trunculariopsis) subasperrimus (d’Orbigny, 1852), Promurex spinicosta (Bronn, 1831), Exquisitor graniferus (Michelotti, 1841)].

FIGURE 2. A1–A2. Haustrum? pyrulatum (Hoernes & Auinger, 1882), holotype, NHMW 1859/0045/0590, Lăpugiu de Sus (Romania). B1–B2. Haustrum lacunosum (Bruguière, 1789), MNHN-IM-2000-904, lectotype, New Zealand, present-day, photo: Manuel Caballer, 2014 RECOLNAT project ANR-11-INBS-0004.

FIGURE 13. Cord diagrams and apertural features of Ocenebrinae [Ceratostoma? steiningeri sp. nov., Gracilipurpura polonica (Bałuk, 1995), Heteropurpura catosus (De Gregorio, 1885a), Kestocenebra subaustriaca (Stojaspal, 1978), Kestocenebra vermeiji sp. nov., Kestocenebra? globosa (Stojaspal, 1978), Ocenebra ergnapus (De Gregorio, 1885a), Ocenebra haidingeri (Hörnes, 1853), Ocenebra holubicensis (Friedberg, 1912), Ocenebra littoralis nov. nom., Ocenebra mirmigus (De Gregorio, 1885a), Ocenebra scorpio sp. nov., Ocenebra valdemari (Bałuk, 2006), Ocenebra vindobonensis (Hörnes, 1853), Ocenebra zboroviensis (Friedberg, 1912)].

FIGURE 16. Heteropurpura catosus (De Gregorio, 1885a). A1–A2. NHMW 1999z0098/0009, Enzesfeld (Austria). B1–B2. NHMW 1855/0045/0086, Steinebrunn (Austria). C1–C2. Holotype, NHMW 1846/0037/0223, Gainfarn (Austria). D1–D2. NHMW 1865/0001/0789, Vienna/Grinzing (Austria).