Pagodula spinifera ( Csepreghy-Meznerics, 1969 )

Harzhauser, Mathias, Landau, Bernard M. & Merle, Didier, 2025, The Muricidae (Gastropoda, Muricoidea) of the Miocene Central Paratethys Sea (Haustrinae, Muricinae, Ocenebrinae, Pagodulinae, Typhinae, Muricidae incertae sedis), Zootaxa 5572 (1), pp. 1-162 : 107-109

Pagodula spinifera ( Csepreghy-Meznerics, 1969)

Figs 52 , 53A–C

[ Murex ] vaginatus Jan — Hörnes 1848: 18 [non Pagodula vaginata ( de Cristofori & Jan, 1832) ].

M [urex]. alatus m.— Eichwald 1830: 224 [non Murex alatus Fischer von Waldheim, 1807 , = Pterochelus acanthopterus ( Lamarck, 1816) ].

Murex alatus m.— Eichwald 1851: 101, pl. 8, fig. 12 [non Murex alatus Fischer von Waldheim, 1807 , = Pterochelus acanthopterus ( Lamarck, 1816) ].

Murex alatus — Eichwald 1852: plate captions, pl. 8, fig. 12 [non Murex alatus Fischer von Waldheim, 1807 , = Pterochelus acanthopterus ( Lamarck, 1816) ].

Mur [ex]. alatus m.— Eichwald 1853: 193 [non Murex alatus Fischer von Waldheim, 1807 , = Pterochelus acanthopterus ( Lamarck, 1816) ].

Murex vaginatus Jan —Hörnes 1853: 229, pl. 23, fig. 13 [non Pagodula vaginata ( de Cristofori & Jan, 1832) ].

Murex vaginatus — Quenstedt 1884: 643, pl. 210, fig. 123 [non Pagodula vaginata ( de Cristofori & Jan, 1832) ].

Murex (Trophon) vaginatus Jan —Hoernes & Auinger 1885: 216, pl. 25, figs 1a–b [non Pagodula vaginata ( de Cristofori & Jan, 1832) ].

Trophon vaginatus (Jan) — Kittl 1887: 246 [non Pagodula vaginata ( de Cristofori & Jan, 1832) ].

Trophon vaginatus Jan — Friedberg 1912: 182, pl. 11, fig. 15 [non Pagodula vaginata ( de Cristofori & Jan, 1832) ].

Trophon vaginatus Jan — Friedberg 1938: 118 [non Pagodula vaginata ( de Cristofori & Jan, 1832) ].

T [rophonopsis]. (P [agodula].) vaginata (Jan) var.— Sieber 1958: 145 [non Pagodula vaginata ( de Cristofori & Jan, 1832) ].

* Trophon varicosissimus spiniferus sp. nov.— Csepreghy-Meznerics 1969: 81, pl. 4, figs 2–4.

Trophon varicosissimus Bonelli — Csepreghy-Meznerics 1972: 27, pl. 9, figs 18, 25 [non Pagodula varicosissima ( Michelotti, 1841) ].

Trophon varicosissimus spiniferus Csepr. -Mezn.— Csepreghy-Meznerics 1972: 17, pl. 9, figs 17, 19.

Trophon vaginatus (De Cristofori—Jan, 1832)— Stojaspal 1978: 339, pl. 5, fig. 9 [non Pagodula vaginata ( de Cristofori & Jan, 1832) ].

Trophonopsis (Pagodula) vaginata (Jan) — Schultz 1998: 65, pl. 26, fig. 3 [non Pagodula vaginata ( de Cristofori & Jan, 1832) ].

Trophon varicosissimus spiniferus Csepreghy-Meznerics, 1969 — Pálfy et al. 2008: 110.

Poirieria (Pagodula) cf. vaginata ( De Cristofori & Jan, 1832) — Merle et al. 2011: 502, pl. 129, fig. 7.

Poirieria (Pagodula) varicosissima ( Michelotti, 1841) — Kovács 2019: 117, figs 17–18 [non Pagodula varicosissima ( Michelotti, 1841) ].

non Poirieria vaginata (Jan) 1812 — Hölzl 1958: 227, pl. 19, fig. 13 [= Pagodula sp. ].

Type material. Holotype: M.70.488, SL: 23 mm, MD: 13 mm, Borsodbóta ( Hungary), illustrated in Csepreghy-Meznerics (1969: pl. 4, fig. 3); Paratype: M.70.489, SL: 15 mm, MD: 10 mm, Borsodbóta ( Hungary), illustrated in Csepreghy-Meznerics (1969: pl. 4, figs 2, 4). Listed as syntypes in Pálfy et al. (2009) but Csepreghy-Meznerics (1969: 81) clearly designated a type specimen.

Illustrated material. NHMW 1846/0037/0210, SL: 26.5 mm, MD: 13.7 mm, Baden ( Austria), Figs 53A 1 – A 3 . NHMW 1854/0035/0190, SL: 30.6 mm, MD: 17.2 mm, Lăpugiu de Sus ( Romania), Figs 53B 1 –B 3 . NHMW 1860/0001/0209, SL: 27.1 mm, MD: 14.6 mm, Steinebrunn ( Austria), Hoernes & Auinger (1885: pl. 25, figs 1a–b), Figs 53C 1 –C 3 .

Additional material. GBA ( Geosphere Austria), Baden ( Austria), illustrated in Hörnes (1853: pl. 23, fig. 13). 42 spec. , NHMW 1859 /0027/0137, Möllersdorf ( Austria); 9 spec. , NHMW 1869 /0001/0352, Steinebrunn ( Austria); 30 spec. , NHMW 1855 /0045/0897, Baden ( Austria); 3 spec. , NHMW 1869 /0003/0066, Kalladorf ( Austria); 2 spec , NHMW 1863 /0029/0026, Rudice ( Czech Republic) .

Description. Medium-sized, moderately slender fusiform shell with gradate spire; apical angle ~48–58°. Conical protoconch of two weakly convex whorls; last protoconch whorl with faint mid-whorl angulation. Teleoconch of up to six whorls. First two teleoconch whorls convex with weak, rounded shoulder. Axial sculpture of ten slightly opisthocline, laminar, open varices. No spiral sculpture. Later teleoconch whorls with broad, shallow subsutural ramp, strongly angled at shoulder, tapered inwards towards suture below. Laminar varices with short, strongly adapically recurved, open spines at P1. Last whorl attaining ~70% of total height, with shallow subsutural ramp, sharp shoulder, subcylindrical periphery, strongly constricted at base; axial sculpture of seven laminar varices, P1 forming open spines at shoulder. Fasciole indistinct.Aperture elongate pyriform; outer lip slightly flaring abapically, with weak incision at shoulder spine; indistinct D1–D4 some distance behind peristome, indistinct, axially elongated, may be subobsolete or coalescent in some specimens; anal canal wide, poorly delimited; siphonal canal very long, narrow, open, straight, shallowly notched. Columella smooth, weakly excavated to almost straight, slightly twisted at fasciole. Columellar callus forming thin, narrow, adherent rim, poorly delimited from base.

Discussion. This species was misidentified by most authors as the Pliocene Mediterranean Pagodula vaginata ( de Cristofori & Jan, 1832) . Merle et al. (2011) separated Middle Miocene specimens from Austria from typical representatives as Poirieria (Pagodula) cf. vaginata , whereas Csepreghy-Meznerics (1969, 1972) treated it as subspecies of ‘ Trophon varicosissima’ auctores [= Pagodula perditus ( De Gregorio 1885b) ]. Pagodula spinifera ( Csepreghy-Meznerics, 1969) differs from P. vaginata in its paucispiral protoconch, the broader and gradate spire due to its shallower subsutural ramp. It has a convex base with abrupt transition to the siphonal canal in contrast to the comparatively more conical base of Pagodula vaginata . In addition, it has a shorter siphonal canal. See Chirli (2000: pl. 17, figs 5–8), Bouchet & Warén (1985: figs 314–315), La Perna (1996: pl. 1, figs 1–5, pl. 3, figs 1–2), and Landau et al. 2007 (pl. 14, figs 6–7) for Pagodula vaginata .

Morphologically, Pagodula spinifera is closer to the Pleistocene to extant Pagodula echinata ( Kiener, 1839) , which has a paucispiral protoconch of 1.5 whorls ( La Perna 1996: pl. 3, figs 3–6), but differs in its longer and narrower spines. Pagodula perditus ( De Gregorio 1885b) differs in its stockier outline and shorter spines.

The specimen from the Eggenburgian (Early Miocene) of Kaltenbachgraben ( Germany), described by Hölzl (1958) as Poirieria vaginata , is very slender, has close-set, opisthocline axial ribs and very long, adapically directed spines. It is neither conspecific with Pagodula vaginata nor with Pagodula spinifera . More material would be needed to describe this Early Miocene species.

Paleoenvironment. Most abundant in middle to outer neritic environments.

Distribution in Central Paratethys. Badenian (Middle Miocene): Polish-Ukrainian Fore-Carpathian Basin: Ostrava ( Czech Republic) (Kittel 1887); Kabarowce, Rybnica, Zborów (Zboriv) ( Ukraine) ( Friedberg 1938); North Alpine -Carpathian Foreland Basin: Kalladorf ( Austria), Rudice ( Czech Republic) (hoc opus); Vienna Basin: Baden, Bad Vöslau, Möllersdorf, Steinebrunn ( Austria) (Hoernes &Auinger 1885); Bükk Mountains: Borsodbóta ( Hungary) ( Csepreghy-Meznerics 1972); Făget Basin: Coşteiu de Sus, Lăpugiu de Sus ( Romania) ( Kovács 2019).

Figures

FIGURE 1. Cord diagrams and apertural features for Haustrinae [Haustrum? pyrulatum (Hoernes & Auinger, 1882)] and Muricinae [Bolinus gapus (De Gregorio, 1885a), Bolinus partschi (Hörnes, 1853), Chicoreus (Triplex) aquitanicus (Grateloup, 1833), Chicoreus (Triplex) hirmetzli (Kovács, 2018), Chicoreus (Triplex) notatus (Eichwald, 1830). Hexaplex (Trunculariopsis) trunculoides (Pusch, 1837), Hexaplex (Trunculariopsis) esplus (De Gregorio, 1885a), Hexaplex(Trunculariopsis) subasperrimus (d’Orbigny, 1852), Promurex spinicosta (Bronn, 1831), Exquisitor graniferus (Michelotti, 1841)].

FIGURE 3. Bolinus gapus (De Gregorio, 1885a). A1–A3. NHMW 1847/0046/0030, Szob (Hungary). B1–B3. paralectotype, NHMW 1860/0015/1270, Grund (Austria). C1–C3. NHMW1869/0001/0280, Grund (Austria). D1–D3. lectotype, NHMW 1856/0050/0122, Gainfarn (Austria).

FIGURE 52. Cord diagrams and apertural features of Pagodulinae [Pagodula spinifera (Csepreghy-Meznerics, 1969), Pagodula perditus (De Gregorio 1885b)], Typhinae [Hirtotyphis horridus (Brocchi, 1814), Siphonochelus fistulosus (Brocchi, 1814), Typhinellus labiatus (De Cristofori & Jan, 1832)] and Muricidae incertae sedis [Crassimurex (Eopaziella) zoltani sp. nov., Homalocantha heptagonata (Bronn, 1831), Flexopteron goniostoma (Hörnes, 1853), Pterynotus granuliferus (Grateloup, 1833), Pterynotus (Pterymarchia) sandbergeri (Hörnes, 1856)].

FIGURE 53. Pagodula spinifera (Csepreghy-Meznerics, 1969). A1–A3. NHMW 1846/0037/0210, Baden (Austria). B1–B3. NHMW 1854/0035/0190, Lăpugiu de Sus (Romania). C1–C3. NHMW 1860/0001/0209, Steinebrunn (Austria).