Vitularia linguabovis (de Basterot, 1825 )

Harzhauser, Mathias, Landau, Bernard M. & Merle, Didier, 2025, The Muricidae (Gastropoda, Muricoidea) of the Miocene Central Paratethys Sea (Haustrinae, Muricinae, Ocenebrinae, Pagodulinae, Typhinae, Muricidae incertae sedis), Zootaxa 5572 (1), pp. 1-162 : 141-143

Vitularia linguabovis (de Basterot, 1825)

Figs 64 , 71A–C

* M [urex]. Lingua-Bovis Nob. — de Basterot 1825: 59, pl. 3, fig. 10.

Murex Vitulinus Lam.— Grateloup 1845: pl. 31, fig. 17 [non Murex vitulinus Lamarck, 1816, = Vitularia miliaris ( Gmelin, 1791) ].

Murex Vitulinus var. Edentula — Grateloup 1845: pl. 31, fig. 18.

Murex subvitulinus d’Orb.—d’Orbigny, 1852: 73, no. 1342.

Murex lingua-bovis Bast. —d’Orbigny, 1852: 75, no. 1373.

[ Murex ] lingua-bovis Bast. — Hörnes 1848: 18.

Murex lingua-bovis Bast. —Hörnes 1853: 230, pl. 24, figs 1–3.

Murex lingua-bovis Basterot —Deshayes 1853: 66, pl. 111, fig. 7.

Murex lingua-bovis Bast. —Periera da Costa 1867: 158, pl. 18, fig. 6.

Murex (Vitularia) lingua-bovis Bast. —Hoernes & Auinger 1885: 213, pl. 25, figs 4–7.

Murex (Vitularia) lingua-bovis Bast. — Boettger 1902: 31.

Ocenebra (Vitularia) linguabovis (Bast.) — Cossmann 1903: 40, pl. 2, fig. 25.

Vitularia linguabovis (Bast.) — Sacco 1904: 74, pl. 17, figs 17–19.

Vitularia lingua-bovis (Basterot) — Cossmann & Peyrot 1924: 226, no. 788, pl. 14, figs 33–34.

[ Vitularia lingua-bovis (Basterot) ] vindobonula nobis— Cossmann & Peyrot 1924: 228

Vitularia salbriacensis sp. nov. — Cossmann & Peyrot 1924: 228, no. 789, pl. 14, figs 30–31.

Ocenebra (Vitularia) lingua bovis Bast. var. vindobonula Coss. i Peyr.—Friedberg 1928: 589, tex-fig. 84.

Ocenebra lingua bovis Bast. var. vindobonula Coss. et Peyr. — Friedberg 1938: 117.

Tritonalia (Vitularia) lingua-bovis Bast. — Korobkov 1955: plate captions, pl. 71, fig. 4.

Vitularia linguabovis (Basterot) — Zbyszewski 1957: 174, pl. 15, figs 151, 158, 160.

V [itularia]. (V [itularia].) lingua-bovis (Bast.) — Sieber 1958: 147.

Tritonalia (Vitularia) lingua-bovis var. vindobonula Cossmann et Peyrot 1923 —Kojumdgieva in Kojumdgieva & Strachimirov 1960: 150, pl. 40, fig. 11.

Vitularia linguabovis vindobonula Cossmann & Peyrot, 1923 — Strausz 1966: 278, text-fig. 126.

Vitularia linguabovis vindobonula (Cossm. & Peyr.) — Kókay 1966: 58, pl. 8, fig. 7.

Vitularia (Vitularia) lingua-bovis var. vindobonula (Cossmann et Peyrot) —Hinculov in Iliescu et al. 1968: 141, pl. 34, fig. 10.

[ Vitularia ] linguabovis Basterot, 1825 — Vokes 1971: 66.

Vitularia (Vitularia) lingua-bovis var. vindobonula (Cossmann & Peyrot, 1923) — Nicorici & Sagatovici 1973: 172, pl. 26, figs 3–4.

Vitularia vindobonula Cossmann —Payrot [sic], 1924— Stojaspal 1978: 339, pl. 5, fig. 8.

Vitularia linguabovis ( Basterot, 1825) — Bałuk 1995: 229, pl. 30, fig. 9.

Vitularia (Vitularia) vindobonula Cossmann & Peyrot, 1924 — Schultz 1998: 66, pl. 26, fig. 6.

Vitularia linguabovis ( Basterot, 1825) — Lozouet et al. 2001: 58, pl. 24, fig. 5.

Vitularia linguabovis —Harzhauser 2002: 128.

Vitularia linguabovis ( Basterot, 1825) — Bałuk 2006: 210, pl. 12, fig. 7.

Vitularia linguabovis (de Basterot, 1825) — Van der Voort 2012: 13, figs 1–3.

Vitularia linguabovis (de Basterot, 1825) — Landau et al. 2013: 154, pl. 23, figs 2–3.

Vitularia linguabovis ( Basterot, 1825) — Stein et al. 2016: 100, pl. 44, figs 2a–b.

Vitularia linguabovis ( Basterot, 1825) — Kovács et al. 2018: 125, figs 7T–U.

Vitularia linguabovis ( Basterot, 1825) — Kovács 2019: 132, figs 59–60.

Type material. MNHN.F.A70761, 6 syntypes, Léognan (Gironde) Burdigalian.

Illustrated material. NHMW 1999 z0098/0010, SL: 46.1 mm, MD: 25.2 mm, Bad Vöslau ( Austria), illustrated in Hörnes (1853: pl. 24, fig. 3), syntype of Vitularia linguabovis vindobonula Cossmann & Peyrot, 1924 , Figs 71A 1 –A 3 . NHMW 1868 /0001/0213, SL: 78.2 mm, MD: 53.6 mm, Grund ( Austria), illustrated in Hoernes & Auinger (1885: pl. 25, fig. 5), Figs 71B 1 –B 3 . NHMW 1855 /0045/0433, SL: 64.7 mm, MD: 41.9 mm, Gainfarn ( Austria), illustrated in Hörnes (1853: pl. 24, fig. 1), syntype of Vitularia linguabovis vindobonula Cossmann & Peyrot, 1924 , Figs 71C 1 –C 2 .

Additional material. 1 spec., NHMW 1851 /0006/0007, SL: 41.2 mm, MD: 24.1 mm, Bad Vöslau ( Austria) , illustrated in Hörnes (1853: pl. 24, fig. 2), syntype of Vitularia linguabovis vindobonula Cossmann & Peyrot, 1924 ; 1 spec., NHMW 1860 /0001/0198, SL: 20.5 mm, MD: 13.1 mm, Boršov (= Porstendorf) ( Czech Republic) , illustrated in Hoernes & Auinger (1885: pl. 25, fig. 4); 1 spec., NHMW A254 , SL: 48.9 mm, MD: 28.6 mm, Gainfarn ( Austria) , illustrated in Hoernes & Auinger (1885: pl. 25, fig. 6); 1 spec., NHMW A254 , SL: 45.9 mm, MD: 31.9 mm, Gainfarn ( Austria) , illustrated in Hoernes & Auinger (1885: pl. 25, fig. 7); 5 spec., NHMW 1862 /0015/1124, Gainfarn ( Austria) ; 2 spec., NHMW 1872 /0030/0043, Baden-Sooss ( Austria) ; 3 spec., NHMW 1868 /0001/0212, Grund ( Austria) ; 1 spec., NHMW 1855 /0045/0085, Steinebrunn ( Austria) ; 2 spec., NHMW 1862 /0001/0541, Buituri ( Romania) ; 5 spec., NHMW 1863 /0015/0172, Lăpugiu de Sus ( Romania) .

Revised description. Medium-sized, solid biconic shell; apical angle variable, ~60–80°. Protoconch unknown. Teleoconch of up to six whorls. Early teleoconch whorls high, convex to weakly shouldered with nine axial ribs separated by wider interspaces. Spiral sculpture of prominent P1 along shoulder and P2 close above abapical suture. Later spire whorls typically decreasing in height, with broad, weakly concave subsutural ramp and shoulder placed below mid-whorl. No spiral sculpture from second teleoconch onwards. Last whorl attaining ~80% of total height, with broad subsutural ramp, narrow, rounded shoulder, rapidly contracting below. About 12 indistinct varices forming blunt knobs along shoulder. Varices forming single lamella or fully reduced. Entire shell surface covered by irregularly spaced pustules of variable size. Fasciole weak, delimiting narrow groove.Aperture elongate trigonal; outer lip moderately thickened, angled and incised at shoulder; ID, D1–D6 of variable strength placed some distance behind peristome; D1 and D2 occasionally bifid. Anal canal weakly incised, accentuated by faint parietal swelling and occasionally by blunt ID. Siphonal canal long, moderately wide, straight. Columella smooth, weakly twisted as siphonal canal. Columellar callus indistinct, adherent, not delimited from base.

Paratethyan synonyms. Vitularia linguabovis vindobonula Cossmann & Peyrot, 1924 was introduced by Cossmann & Peyrot (1924: 228) for the specimens illustrated by Hörnes (1853: pl. 24, figs 1–3). Vitularia linguabovis displays considerably variability in shape and apertural features. Specimens from the Early Miocene of France may develop a prominent ID and distinct D1–D5 (e.g., Lozouet et al. 2001: pl. 24, fig. 5) or have nearly smooth outer lips (e.g., Cossmann & Peyrot 1924: pl. 14, figs 33–34). High spires, as typical in French specimens, occur also in Paratethyan assemblages (e.g., Bałuk 1995: pl. 30, fig. 9). Therefore, we reject the separation of the Paratethyan specimens as distinct species or subspecies and treat Vitularia linguabovis vindobonula Cossmann & Peyrot, 1924 as subjective junior synonym of Vitularia linguabovis .

Discussion. Vitularia is not a very specious genus with only six extant species (MolluscaBase eds. 2024c) and only three fossil species known so far. Vokes (1989) described Vitularia dominicana E.H. Vokes, 1989 from the Pliocene of the Dominican Republic, which differs from Vitularia linguabovis in its high convex spire whorls and convex periphery of the last whorl (see Landau & Houart 2014: figs 2–7). In addition, Landau & Houart (2014: pl. figs 24–27) described a species from the Early Miocene of Venezuela in open nomenclature, which is characterized by a high, conical spire and a steep subsutural ramp. Among the extant species, the eastern Pacific Vitularia salebrosa ( King, 1832) is reminiscent of Vitularia linguabovis (de Basterot, 1825) , but differs in its higher, slightly scalate spire. The IWP species Vitularia miliaris ( Gmelin, 1791) differs in its club-shaped outline whereas both Vitularia triangularis Bozzetti, 2009 , from Madagascar, and the Pacific Vitularia sandwicensis Pease, 1861 differ in the deeply incised suture and more prominent varices. All these species display considerable variability in shape and sculpture, as in the fossil V. linguabovis .

Paleoenvironment. Shallow marine, inner neritic.

Distribution in Central Paratethys. Karpatian (Early Miocene): North Alpine-Carpathian Foreland Basin: Laa an der Thaya ( Austria) (Harzhauser 2002). Badenian (Middle Miocene): Korytnica Basin: Korytnica ( Bałuk 1995); North Alpine-Carpathian Foreland Basin: Grund ( Austria) (Hoernes & Auinger 1885); Vienna Basin: Bad Vöslau, Gainfarn, Steinebrunn ( Austria), Boršov (= Porstendorf) ( Czech Republic) (Hoernes & Auinger 1885); Pannonian Basin: Budapest Illés street, Letkés, Hidas, Hosszúhetény ( Hungary) ( Strausz 1966; Kovács et al. 2018); Bakony Mountains: Bánd ( Hungary) ( Kovács 2020); Zârand Basin: Minişul de Sus ( Romania) ( Nicorici & Sagatovici 1973); Mehadia Basin: Valea Sălişte ( Romania) (Hinculov in Iliescu et al. 1968); Făget Basin: Buituri, Coşteiu de Sus, Lăpugiu de Sus ( Romania) ( Kovács 2019: hoc opus); Dacian Basin: Târnene ( Bulgaria) (Kojumdgieva in Kojumdgieva & Strachimirov 1960).

Proto-Mediterranean Sea. Serravallian (Middle Miocene): Karaman Basin: Lale, Seyithasan ( Turkey) ( Landau et al. 2013). Tortonian (Late Miocene): Heraklio Basin (Crete, Greece) (own data, D.M.).

Northeastern Atlantic. Aquitanian/Burdigalian (Early Miocene): Aquitaine Basin: Léognan, Saucats ( France) ( Cossmann & Peyrot 1924; Lozouet et al. 2001); Langhian (Middle Miocene): Aquitaine Basin: Saubrigues ( France) ( Cossmann & Peyrot 1924).

North Sea. Hemmoorian (Middle Miocene): North Sea Basin: Werder ( Germany) ( Stein et al. 2016).

Figures

FIGURE 1. Cord diagrams and apertural features for Haustrinae [Haustrum? pyrulatum (Hoernes & Auinger, 1882)] and Muricinae [Bolinus gapus (De Gregorio, 1885a), Bolinus partschi (Hörnes, 1853), Chicoreus (Triplex) aquitanicus (Grateloup, 1833), Chicoreus (Triplex) hirmetzli (Kovács, 2018), Chicoreus (Triplex) notatus (Eichwald, 1830). Hexaplex (Trunculariopsis) trunculoides (Pusch, 1837), Hexaplex (Trunculariopsis) esplus (De Gregorio, 1885a), Hexaplex(Trunculariopsis) subasperrimus (d’Orbigny, 1852), Promurex spinicosta (Bronn, 1831), Exquisitor graniferus (Michelotti, 1841)].

FIGURE 2. A1–A2. Haustrum? pyrulatum (Hoernes & Auinger, 1882), holotype, NHMW 1859/0045/0590, Lăpugiu de Sus (Romania). B1–B2. Haustrum lacunosum (Bruguière, 1789), MNHN-IM-2000-904, lectotype, New Zealand, present-day, photo: Manuel Caballer, 2014 RECOLNAT project ANR-11-INBS-0004.

FIGURE 3. Bolinus gapus (De Gregorio, 1885a). A1–A3. NHMW 1847/0046/0030, Szob (Hungary). B1–B3. paralectotype, NHMW 1860/0015/1270, Grund (Austria). C1–C3. NHMW1869/0001/0280, Grund (Austria). D1–D3. lectotype, NHMW 1856/0050/0122, Gainfarn (Austria).

FIGURE 64. Cord diagrams and apertural features of Muricidae incertae sedis [Timbellus latifolius (Bellardi, 1873), Timbellus kovacsi sp. nov., Timbellus perlongus (Bellardi, 1873), Timbellus trinodosus (Bellardi, 1873), Timbellus weinmannae sp. nov., Purpurellus cyclopterus (Millet, 1865), Phyllocoma sp., Vitularia linguabovis (de Basterot, 1825)].

FIGURE 71. Vitularia linguabovis (de Basterot, 1825).A1–A3. NHMW 1999z0098/0010, Bad Vöslau (Austria). B 1 –B 3. NHMW 1868/0001/0213, Grund (Austria). C1–C2. NHMW 1855/0045/0433, Gainfarn (Austria).