Penelope sp. 1

Nascimento, Rafael S. & Silveira, Luís Fábio, 2024, Fossil and subfossil birds of Brazil, Zoologia (e 23079) 41, pp. 1-234 : 102-104

279. Penelope sp. 1

Quaternary – MG

Penelope sp. (fere certe sp. 2, vel 3) [in part] – Winge 1887: 23–24.

“duas ou tres especies de Penelope ” [in part] – Goeldi 1894: 440.

Penelope sp. (“cfr. superciliosus Ill. oder vetula ”) [in part] – Lambrecht 1933: 752.

Penelope obscura – Brodkorb 1964: 306.

Penelope obscura – Mones 1986: 85.

Penelope obscura – Cuello 1988: 40.

Penelope sp. 1 – Nascimento and Silveira 2020: 490.

Winge (1887) divided the material referrable to the genus Penelope into three sets, based on the size of the bones, which can represent up to three species. He had available for comparison Penelope superciliaris and a larger species, “ Penelope cristata ?”, which he believed to be well determined. The first and larger set consists of two right femora, much larger than in P.superciliaris and similar to “ P. cristata ”, from “various caves” [26], and the lower end of a coracoid, of equivalent size to the femora, from “a saltpeter cave near Escrivânia”—erroneously listed as “Lapa da Escrivânia” by Brodkorb (1964) and Cuello (1988).

280. Penelope sp. 2

Quaternary – MG

Penelope [in part] – Lund (in Winge 1887): 23.

Penelope sp. (fere certe sp. 2, vel 3) [in part] – Winge 1887: 23–24. “duas ou tres especies de Penelope ” [in part] – Goeldi 1894: 440. Penelope sp. (“cfr. superciliosus Ill. oder vetula ”) [in part] – Lambrecht 1933: 752.

Penelope superciliaris – Brodkorb 1964: 306.

Penelope superciliaris – Mones 1986: 85.

Penelope superciliaris – Cuello 1988: 40.

Penelope sp. 2 – Nascimento and Silveira 2020: 490.

The set of medium-sized bones attributed to Penelope by Winge (1887) consists of material from two sites. From Lapa do Baú, two left humeri (“ Penelope ” in Lund’s catalog)—one without recorded origin but with a very similar aspect to the other, both being larger than in P. superciliaris and slightly smaller than in “ P. cristata ” and differ slightly from both. From Lapa da Escrivânia III, bones of a single individual: mandible, a cervical vertebra, humerus, ulna, first phalanx of the major digit of the wing, femur, tibiotarsus, tarsometatarsus, and some pedal phalanges. They are slightly larger than P. superciliaris and slightly smaller than “ P. cristata ”. The humerus is very similar to that from Lapa do Baú. The tibiotarsus is slightly thinner and somewhat shorter than in “ P. cristata ”, and the first phalanx of the major digit of the wing and the pedal phalanges are as large as in it.

281. Penelope sp. 3

Quaternary – MG

Falco [in part] – Lund (in Winge 1887): 24.

Penelope sp. (fere certe sp. 2, vel 3) [in part] – Winge 1887: 23–24. “duas ou tres especies de Penelope ” [in part] – Goeldi 1894: 440. Penelope sp. (“cfr. superciliosus Ill. oder vetula ”) [in part] – Lambrecht 1933: 752.

Ortalis guttata – Brodkorb 1964: 306.

Ortalis guttata – Mones 1986: 85.

Ortalis guttata – Cuello 1988: 40.

Penelope sp. 3 – Nascimento and Silveira 2020: 490.

The third, smaller-sized set of bones attributed to Penelope by Winge (1887) consists of remains from three localities. From Lapa da Escrivânia V, the distal end of a humerus, slightly smaller than in Penelope superciliaris , but probably of this species. From “various caves” [26], two coracoids of young individuals, one of which is very similar to P. superciliaris but somewhat larger and the other is shorter and slightly different. Finally, from a “cave near Mocambo”, a humerus lacking the proximal end (“ Falco ” in Lund’s catalog), slightly larger and divergent when compared with P. superciliaris .

Brodkorb (1964), probably based on the sizes, associat- ed the three sets, from the largest to the smallest, respectively, with Penelope obscura , P. superciliaris , and Ortalis guttata .

282. Penelope sp. 4

Quaternary – PI

Cracidae – Guérin et al. 1993a: 198.

Phasianidae [?] – Guérin et al. 1993a: 198.

Cracidae – Guérin et al. 1993b: 328.

Penelope superciliaris ou jacucaca – Guérin et al. 1996: 84.

Penelope superciliaris ou P. jacucaca – Guérin et al. 2002: 136.

Guérin et al. (1996) reported material attributable to Penelope superciliaris or Penelope jacucaca from Toca da Janela da Barra do Antonião. At least one adult individual is present in the material.

283. Penelope sp. 5

Holocene – RS

Penélope sp. [sic] – Dias 2003: 148.

Penélope sp. [sic] [in part?] – Dias 2004a: 37.

Cracidae – Dias and Jacobus 2003: 51.

Penelope sp. – Jacobus and Rosa 2013: 244.

Cracidae – Hadler et al. 2013: 121.

Jacobus and Rosa (2013) reported Penelope remains from the Sangão (RS-S-327) rock shelter in Santo Antônio da Patrulha , Rio Grande do Sul. Previously, this record was briefly mentioned by Dias (2003, 2004a) .

284. † Penelope spp. 6

Pleistocene – BA, MG

“Espécies ainda não descritas do gênero Penelope ” – Alvarenga and Silveira (in Silveira et al. 2008): 20.

Penelope spp. 4 – Nascimento and Silveira 2020: 490.

Alvarenga and Silveira (in Silveira et al. 2008) reported undescribed species of Penelope among the approximately 20,000-year-old fossils found in caves of Minas Gerais and Bahia.

285. Penelope sp. 7

Holocene – RS

Penélope sp. [sic] [?; in part] – Dias 2004a: 37.

Penelope sp. – Jacobus and Rosa 2013: 245.

Jacobus and Rosa (2013) reported Penelope remains from the Deobaldino (RS-S-395) rock shelter in Santo Antônio da Patrulha , Rio Grande do Sul .

286. Penelope sp. 8

Holocene – RS

Penelope sp. – Jacobus and Rosa 2013: 247.

Jacobus and Rosa (2013) reported Penelope remains from the Schneider (RS-C-14) rock shelter in São Sebastião do CaÍ, Rio Grande do Sul.

287. Penelope sp. 9

Holocene – RS

Penelope sp. – Jacobus and Rosa 2013: 249.

Jacobus and Rosa (2013) reported Penelope remains from the Pilger (RS-C-61) rock shelter in Harmonia, Rio Grande do Sul.

288. Penelope sp. 10

Early Holocene – RS

cf. Cracidae [?] – Rosa 2006f: 2.

cf. Cracidae [?] – Rosa 2009: 151.

Cracidae [?] – Dias 2012: 15.

Penelope sp. – Jacobus and Rosa 2013: 250.

Jacobus and Rosa (2013) reported Penelope remains from the Garivaldino (RS-TQ-58) rock shelter in Montenegro, Rio Grande do Sul. The material is deposited in the CEPA collection.

289. Penelope sp. 11

Middle Holocene – SC

Penelope sp. – Mendes and Rodrigues 2024: 8.

Mendes and Rodrigues (2024) associated with this genus a bone from the Congonhas I (SC-LS-30) sambaqui in Tubarão, Santa Catarina .

290. Penelope superciliaris Temminck

Quaternary – MG

Penelope superciliaris sp. – Sales 2003: 214.

Sales (2003) reported two specimens among the bones and mummified carcasses found between 2001 and 2002 in Zona II of Lapa do Rezar in Itacarambi, Minas Gerais. Regarding the total material, he specified that 18 bone sets and five mummified carcasses were found but did not attribute the material’s nature to each species or age .

291. cf. Penelope obscura Temminck

Late Holocene – RS

“ave, possivelmente jacú ( Penelope obscura )” – Beber 2004: 189.

“ave, possivelmente jacú ( Penelope obscura )” – Beber 2005: 66.

Beber (2004, 2005) reported avian remains that possibly belong to Penelope obscura from the Perau das Cabeças (RS-A-28) rock shelter in Vacaria, Rio Grande do Sul.

292. Penelope jacucaca Spix

Holocene – PI

Penelope jacucaca – Barbosa 2017: 125.

Barbosa (2017) reported this species from Toca do Alto da Serra do Capim in Guaribas, PiauÍ. Seven bones were found in association with combustion structures .