Taoniscus cf. nanus (Temminck)

Nascimento, Rafael S. & Silveira, Luís Fábio, 2024, Fossil and subfossil birds of Brazil, Zoologia (e 23079) 41, pp. 1-234 : 95-96

255. Taoniscus cf. nanus (Temminck)

Quaternary – MG

Tinamus sp. [in part] – Lund (in Winge 1887): 17.

Nothura (Taoniscus) nana (fere certe) – Winge 1887: 17–18. [ Nothura ] nana – Goeldi 1894: 440.

Nothura (Taeniscus) nana [sic] – Lambrecht 1933: 730. Taoniscus nanus – Brodkorb 1963: 195.

Taoniscus nanus [ Nothura (Taoniscus) nana ?] – Mones 1986: 74–75.

Taoniscus nanus – Cuello 1988: 28.

Taoniscus cf. nanus – Nascimento and Silveira 2020: 490.

Winge (1887) reported several bones from Lapa da Escrivânia V, two bones from Lapa da Escrivânia XI, some isolated bones of unknown origin, and bones of several individuals of recent age [28], of which a humerus was determined as “ Tinamus sp. ” by Lund. The material is represented by the notarium, coracoid, sternum, humerus, ulna, radius, carpometacarpus, synsacrum, femur, tibiotarsus, and tarsometatarsus. Although he had no recent bones for comparison and the species was not recorded alive in the Lagoa Santa region by Lund or Reinhardt, Winge determined the material with almost certainty. He commented that, given the finds of recent remains, it is unlikely the species would not occur regularly in the region since the birds that exist in its geographic range generally coincide with those existing in the Lagoa Santa region, and it may not have been found due to its reclusive habits or by sheer coincidence.

Neognathae Pycraft Anseriformes Linnaeus

Anhimidae Stejneger

256. Anhimidae indet.

Late Holocene – RS

Anhimidae – Milheira et al. 2019: 45.

Milheira et al. (2019) reported anhimid remains among the material from the sites PSG-02 and PSG-07 of the Pontal da Barra cerrito complex in Pelotas, Rio Grande do Sul. In a biogeographic context, it likely represents Chauna torquata .

† Chaunoides Alvarenga

257. † Chaunoides antiquus Alvarenga

Late Oligocene/Early Miocene – SP

Fig. 34A

Type locality: Santa Fé Farm, 2 km north of Tremembé, São Paulo State, Brazil (22°30’S, 45°32’W). Montmorillonitic clay, about 4 m below the most superficial level of shales. Etymology: Chaunoides , with the Latinized suffix oideus, “similar to Chauna ”, and antiquus, Latin for “ancient”.

Anhimidae – Alvarenga 1993b: 24.

Anhimidae – Alvarenga 1997: 123.

Anhimidae – Mourer-Chauviré 1999: 87.

Chaunoides antiquus , new species [new genus and species] – Alvarenga 1999a: 223–230, figs 3–4, 6–10.

Chaunoides antiquus – Alvarenga and Höfling 2000: 589. Chaunoides antiquus – Alvarenga and Höfling 2004: 827. Chaunoides antiquus – Alvarenga and Höfling 2011: 127. Chaunoides antiquus – Carmo et al. 2024: 5, fig. 3G, J.

Alvarenga (1999a) described this new genus and species from fossils collected between 1978 and 1993 in the montmorillonite clays of the Tremembé Formation in the Fazenda Santa Fé, about 4 m below the shallowest shales. It is the first fossil anhimid to be named.

Remains of at least three individuals are known, which makes it the best-represented (or most abundant) bird in the Tremembé Formation ( Alvarenga and Höfling 2011). The material consists of an almost complete left coracoid ( MN 4619 -V, holotype), another incomplete left coracoid ( MN 4620 -V) associated with an almost complete left femur ( MN 4621 -V), the distal end of a left ulna ( MN 4622 -V), the distal end of a right radius ( MN 4623 -V), a left radius lacking the proximal end ( MN 4624 -V), a left ulna lacking the proximal end ( MN 4632 -V) associated with a segment of the distal axis of a left tibiotarsus ( MN 4631 -V), two segments of the distal end of left tibiotarsi ( MN 4625 -V and MN 4629-V), the latter associated with the proximal end of a left tarsometatarsus ( MN 4630 -V), and three unassociated segments of distal axes of right tibiotarsi ( MN 4626 -V, MN 4627-V, and MN 4628-V). It was smaller and more gracile than the smallest living species in the family, Chauna chavaria , with slender leg bones and less pneumatized skeleton than the living anhimids .

Upon its description, it was the only described fossil species safely associated with the Anhimidae . Recently, AgnolÍn (2022) described Chainkanas koshon from a right coracoid with an incomplete distal end unearthed at the Pinturas Formation (early–middle Miocene) of the Santa Cruz province in Argentina. This large species shows closer similarities with Chaunoides than to the extant Anhima and Chauna .

Anatidae Leach

258. cf. Anatidae Holocene – MS

“uma certa quantidade de ossos de um provável anatídeo” – Schmitz 2002: 207.

Schmitz (2002) reported a few bones that possible belong to an anatid from some layers of a site in the Jacadigo lagoon in Corumbá, Mato Grosso do Sul. The material was discovered as part of the joint Projeto Corumbá (1990–2001) of IAP/Unisinos and UFMS.

259. † Anatidae indet. 1

Late Oligocene/Early Miocene – SP

Anatidae – Alvarenga (in Castro et al. 1988b): 2360.

Anatidae – Castro et al. 1988b: 2362.

“fósseis ainda não descritos de Anatidae ” – Alvarenga and Höfling 2000: 589.

“fósseis ainda não descritos de Anatidae ” – Alvarenga and Höfling 2004: 827.

“fósseis ainda não descritos de Anatidae ” – Alvarenga and Höfling 2011: 127.

Anatidae ? gen. sp. – Carmo et al. 2024: 5.

Alvarenga (in Castro et al. 1988b) and Alvarenga and Höfling (2000, 2004, 2011) mentioned undescribed anatid remains from the Tremembé Formation. These mentions seem to have changed to podicipedid remains in further studies ( Alvarenga 1993b, 1997).

260. Anatidae indet. 2 (spp.?)

Late Holocene – SP

“Anatídeos” – Figuti 1993: 74.

“Anatídeos” – Figuti 1994 –1995: 276.

261. Anatidae indet. 3

Late Holocene – SC

“pato” – Schmitz and Verardi 1996: 143.

Schmitz and Verardi (1996) reported anatid remains from the Cabeçudas site in ItajaÍ, Santa Catarina.

262. Anatidae indet. 4 Holocene – RS

Anatiedae [sic] – Dias and Jacobus 2003: 51.

Dias and Jacobus (2003) reported anatid remains from the Sangão (RS-S-327) rock shelter in Santo Antônio da Patrulha , Rio Grande do Sul .

263. Anatidae indet. 5

Holocene – RS

Anatidae – Jacobus 2004: 99.

Anatidae – Jacobus and Rosa 2013: 246.

Jacobus (2004) reported anatid remains from the Dalpiaz (RS-LN-1) rock shelter in Maquiné, Rio Grande do Sul. The material is deposited in the MARSUL collection.

264. Anatidae indet. 6

Late Holocene – RS

Anatidae – Rosa 2006b: 231.

Rosa (2006b) reported two bones (one from level 1 and one from level 4) from the Chácara do Leão (RS-LC-96) site in Palmares do Sul, Rio Grande do Sul. The material is deposited in the IAP/Unisinos collection.

265. Anatidae indet. 7

Late Holocene – RS

Anatidae – Silva et al. 2006: 338.

Silva et al. (2006) reported this family from the RS- RG-49 site in Rio Grande, Rio Grande do Sul. The material is deposited in the IAP/Unisinos collection.

266. Anatidae indet. 8

Late Holocene – MS

Anatidae – Schmitz et al. 2009: 347.

Schmitz et al. (2009) reported two anatid bones from level 3 of the MS-MA-16C site in Corumbá, Mato Grosso do Sul.

267. Anatidae indet. 9

Late Holocene – RS

Anatidae – Milheira et al. 2019: 45.

Milheira et al. (2019) reported anatid remains among the material from the sites PSG-02 and PSG-07 of the Pontal da Barra cerrito complex in Pelotas, Rio Grande do Sul.

Dendrocygninae Reichenbach