Ramphastos toco Statius Müller

Nascimento, Rafael S. & Silveira, Luís Fábio, 2024, Fossil and subfossil birds of Brazil, Zoologia (e 23079) 41, pp. 1-234 : 161-162

535. Ramphastos toco Statius Müller

Quaternary – MG

Rhamphastus toco [sic] – Winge 1887: 46.

[ Rhamphastos ] toco [sic] – Goeldi 1894: 247.

Rhamphastus toco [sic] – Lambrecht 1933: 774.

Ramphastos toco – Storer 1960: 81.

“ Ramphastos Linnaeus 1758 , 2 spp.” [in part] – Fisher 1967: 752. Ramphastos toco – Brodkorb 1971: 260.

Ramphastos toco – Sick 1984a: 406.

Ramphastos toco – Mones 1986: 98.

Ramphastos toco – Cuello 1988: 60.

Ramphastos toco – Sick 1993: 372.

[ Ramphastos ] toco – Unwin 1993: 730.

Ramphastos toco – Sick 1997: 492.

Ramphastos toco – Nascimento and Silveira 2020: 494.

Winge (1887) reported the proximal part of an ulna and the distal part of a tarsometatarsus from Lapa da Escrivânia V. He noted that only the tarsometatarsus was determined by comparison with recent bones of the same species. The ulna has a similar size.

536. Ramphastos cf. dicolorus Linnaeus

Quaternary – MG

Rhamphastus discolor vel sp. aff. [sic] – Winge 1887: 46. [ Rhamphastos ] discolorus [sic] – Goeldi 1894: 247. Rhamphastus discolor [sic] – Lambrecht 1933: 774.

R. discolor [sic] – Storer 1960: 81.

“ Ramphastos Linnaeus 1758 , 2 spp.” [in part] – Fisher 1967: 752.

Ramphastos dicolurus [sic] – Brodkorb 1971: 260.

Ramphastos dicolorus [ Ramphastos discolor ] – Mones 1986: 98. Rhamphastos dicolorus [sic] – Cuello 1988: 60.

Ramphastos dicolurus [sic] – Unwin 1993: 730.

Ramphastos cf. dicolorus – Nascimento and Silveira 2020: 494.

Winge (1887) reported an ulna from “various caves” [26], slightly larger than in Ramphastos dicolorus . There is another ulna from an unknown locality, slightly smaller and insignificantly different than in R. dicolorus and quite different from that of Pteroglossus aracari wiedii and Selenidera maculirostris .

Brodkorb (1971) erroneously listed it coming from “Lapa da Escrivania?”, which was followed by Cuello (1988).

Picidae Leach

537. cf. Picidae

Early Holocene – RS

cf. Picidae – Rosa 2009: 151.

Rosa (2009) reported a possible picid bone from square D6 of the Garivaldino (RS-TQ-58) site in Montenegro, Rio Grande do Sul. The material is deposited in the CEPA collection.

538. Picidae indet. 1

Quaternary – MG

G. sp. indet., forte Leuconerpes candidus – Winge 1887: 46–47. “talvez coincida com Leuconerpes candidus ” – Goeldi 1894: 247.

cfr. Leuconerpes candidus – Lambrecht 1933: 775.

Leuconerpes candidus – Brodkorb 1971: 265.

cf. Leuconerpes candidus – Mones 1986: 98.

Melanerpes candidus – Cuello 1988: 61.

Picidae indet. 1 – Nascimento and Silveira 2020: 494.

Winge (1887) reported a humerus from Lapa da Escrivânia V. It is shorter and relatively more robust than in Colaptes campestris , slightly longer and more robust than in Colaptes melanochloros , shorter and more robust than in Celeus flavescens , and much smaller than in Dryocopus lineatus and Campephilus robustus . Winge speculated it might be Melanerpes candidus , although he only had the distal end of a recent humerus available for comparison, which is much more similar to the fossil than the other species in the region. Still, there is a slight difference in shape (perhaps individual variation), and the recent bone is somewhat smaller.

539. Picidae indet. 2

Quaternary – MG

Picid. g. sp., e minimis – Winge 1887: 51.

Picidae indet. 2 – Nascimento and Silveira 2020: 494.

Winge (1887) reported a coracoid of recent age without attribution of locality. It is of a species smaller than Veniliornis maculifrons [30], perhaps Veniliornis mixtus cancellatus .

540. Picidae indet. 3

Quaternary – PI

Piciformes [in part] – Guérin et al. 1993a: 198.

Piciformes [in part] – Guérin et al. 1993b: 328.

Dryocopus lineatus [ou] Campephilus melanoleucos – Guérin et al. 1996: 85.

Dryocopus lineatus ou Campephilus melanoleucos – Guérin et al. 2002: 136.

Guérin et al. (1996) reported material attributable to Dryocopus lineatus or Campephilus melanoleucos from Toca da Janela da Barra do Antonião. At least one adult individual is present in the material.

541. Picidae indet. 4

Early Holocene – GO

Picidae – Rosa 2004: 256.

Rosa (2004) reported a bone from the ParanaÍba phase cut 2 of the GO-JA-14 rock shelter in Serranópolis, Goiás. The material is deposited in the IAP/Unisinos collection.

Picinae Leach