Falco sp. 1

Nascimento, Rafael S. & Silveira, Luís Fábio, 2024, Fossil and subfossil birds of Brazil, Zoologia (e 23079) 41, pp. 1-234 : 171-173

569. Falco sp. 1

Early Holocene – MG

Aves [?; in part] – Chahud et al. 2021: 1272.

Falco sp. – Chahud 2021: 7–9, fig. 4.

Chahud (2021) reported the distal part of a right tarsometatarsus (ST-2054) of an adult individual from Lapa do Santo in Matozinhos , Minas Gerais. The material is deposited in the LEEH-IB-USP collection. Chahud noted that its proportions agree with that of Falco peregrinus , a species with various extant records in the region. It was found at a different point in the site and thus might be of a different age than the tinamid also described by Chahud .

570. Falco sp. 2

Quaternary – MG

Falco sp. – Seersholm et al. 2021: 2067.

Seersholm et al. (2021) reported this genus among the bones collected by Lund in Lapa da Escrivânia V that were analyzed through bulk bone metabarcoding. It was also detected morphologically in one of the studied samples.

571. Falco sparverius Linnaeus

Quaternary – MG, PI

Falco (Tinnunculus) sparverius – Winge 1887: 34–35. Falconines [?] [in part] – Goeldi 1894: 76.

Falco sparverius – Lambrecht 1933: 750.

Falco sparverius – Brodkorb 1964: 296.

Falco sparverius – Mones 1986: 85.

Falco sparverius – Cuello 1988: 40.

Falco sparverius – Nascimento and Silveira 2020: 495.

Winge (1887) reported remains of several individuals (both adult and young) from Lapa da Escrivânia V, a coracoid from Lapa da Escrivânia XI, and several bones of recent age [28], two humeri of which were determined by Lund. The total material is represented by the thoracic vertebra, scapula, coracoid, sternum, humerus (in large numbers), ulna, carpometacarpus, pelvis, femur, tibiotarsus, and tarsometatarsus. Markedly individual variation exists, especially in the material from Lapa da Escrivânia V, with individuals larger than a female Falco sparverius , but it was not possible to establish a limit between smaller and larger sets of bones.

Accipitridae [?] [in part] – Guérin et al. 1993a: 198.

Falconidae [?] [in part?] – Guérin et al. 1993a: 198.

Accipitridae [?] [in part] – Guérin et al. 1993b: 328.

Falconidae [?] [in part?] – Guérin et al. 1993b: 328.

Falco sparverius – Guérin et al. 1996: 84.

F. sparverius – Guérin et al. 2002: 136.

Guérin et al. (1996) reported this species from Toca da Janela da Barra do Antonião. At least one adult individual is present in the material .

572. Falco rufigularis Daudin

Quaternary – PI

Accipitridae [?] [in part] – Guérin et al. 1993a: 198.

Falconidae [?] [in part?] – Guérin et al. 1993a: 198.

Accipitridae [?] [in part] – Guérin et al. 1993b: 328.

Falconidae [?] [in part?] – Guérin et al. 1993b: 328.

Falco rufigularis – Guérin et al. 1996: 84.

Falco rufigularis – Guérin et al. 2002: 136.

Guérin et al. (1996) reported this species from Toca da Janela da Barra do Antonião. At least one adult individual is present in the material. This is one of the taxa the authors highlighted as no longer living in the region today .

573. Falco cf. femoralis Temminck

Quaternary – MG

Falco femoralis (fere certe) – Winge 1887: 35. Falconines [?] [in part] – Goeldi 1894: 76.

Falco femoralis – Lambrecht 1933: 750.

Falco femoralis – Brodkorb 1964: 294.

Falco femoralis – Mones 1986: 85.

Falco femoralis – Cuello 1988: 40.

Falco cf. femoralis – Nascimento and Silveira 2020: 495.

Winge (1887) reported the remains of several individuals from Lapa da Escrivânia V, adult and young, represented by the coracoid, humerus, ulna, femur, and tarsometatarsus. The bones closely match those of Falco rufigularis but are larger and present weaker wings. They almost certainly belong to Falco femoralis . Only the distal part of the humerus, ulna, and the tarsometatarsus were compared with recent bones of a large female F.femoralis , to whom they are close in shape, although smaller. There is a marked variation in size among the bones found in the caves, but this conforms with the sex size difference of F. femoralis . Winge noted that even the smaller bones are slightly larger than the equivalent in a female F. rufigularis and that Falco deiroleucus , which does not live in the region, was not compared.

Psittaciformes Wagler

Psittacidae Rafinesque

Arinae Gray 574. Arinae indet. 1

Late Holocene – SC

“um craneo complete de papagaio” – Wiener 1876: 14. “craneo de papagaio” – Lacerda 1885: 181.

Wiener (1876), in a text dated 1875, mentioned the complete skull of a parrot found beside a human skull fragment and complete remains of crabs in a sambaqui in the Tavares River in Ilha de Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, Santa Catarina ( Casagrande 2016). The finding occurred during the 1875–1876 surveys that Wiener conducted by invitation of MN while he was in an expedition organized by the French government’s Ministère de l’Instruction Publique.

575. Arinae indet. 2

Quaternary – MG

Ara sp. e minoribus, praecedente [ Ara maracana et aff.] major – Winge 1887: 41.

“duas especies de Sittace ” [in part] – Goeldi 1894: 129.

Ara sp. (“kleinere und grössere Formen”) [in part] – Lambrecht 1933: 770.

“undetermined macaws” [in part] – Boles 2017: 10.

Arini indet. 1 – Nascimento and Silveira 2020: 495.

Winge (1887) reported the distal end of a humerus from Lapa da Escrivânia V, larger than in Primolius maracana , but smaller than in the specimen he determined as“ Ara sp. e majoribus” (see Ara sp. ). He noted morphological differences between this humerus and that of a recent P. maracana , but also similarities between it and the two smaller humeri determined as fossil P. maracana . He further added that the mentioned forms are well distinguished from Cyanoliseus patagonus .

576. Arinae indet. 3

Quaternary – MG

Ara chloroptera (et forte A. hyacinthina ) [in part] – Winge 1887: 42.

[ Sittace ] hyacinthina (?) – Goeldi 1894: 129.

Ara chloroptera [in part] – Lambrecht 1933: 770.

Ara chloroptera [in part] – Brodkorb 1971: 212.

Ara chloroptera [in part] – Mones 1986: 94.

Ara chloroptera [in part] – Cuello 1988: 53.

Ara chloropterus [in part] – Boles 2017: 10.

Arini indet. 2 – Nascimento and Silveira 2020: 495.

Winge (1887) reported some bones from Lapa da Lagoa do Sumidouro that are similar in size to the remains he determined as Ara chloropterus , but likely represent a species other than Ara ararauna , possibly Anodorhynchus hyacinthinus , of which he had no bones available for comparison. The material is represented by the coracoid, ulna, and femur.

577. Arinae indet. 4

Late Holocene – MG

“papagaio” – Machado et al. 1981 –1982: 209.

Machado et al. (1981 –1982) reported parrot bones associated with an adult woman’s skeleton (grave N° 12) from Gruta do Gentio II in UnaÍ, Minas Gerais .

578. Arinae indet.? 5 (spp.?)

Quaternary – MG

Psitaciformes – Souza Cunha and Magalhães 1986: 122. Psittacidae indet (spp.?) – Nascimento and Silveira 2020: 495.

Souza Cunha and Magalhães (1986) noted that psittacids may figure among the avian remains from Cerca Grande in Matozinhos, Minas Gerais.

579. Arinae indet. 6

Early Holocene – PE

Psittacidae – Lima 1991: 58, fig. 6.

Lima (1991) depicted, among other remains, a psittacid beak from a burnt layer aged about 9,000 years BP at Furna do Estrago in Brejo da Madre de Deus, Pernambuco.

580. Arinae indet. 7

Quaternary – GO

Psitacidae [sic] – Schmitz et al. 1989: 155.

Psitacidae [sic] [?] – Paulo 2009: 142.

Schmitz et al. (1989) mentioned psittacid beaks from the GO-JA-01 rock shelter in Serranópolis, Goiás. Paulo (2009) reported that other fragments were also found.

581. Arinae indet. 8

Late Pleistocene – BA

“parrot beak” – Bryan and Gruhn 1993: 13.

Bryan and Gruhn (1993) reported a well-preserved parrot beak from the yellow silt zone near the front of the Toca dos Búzios (BA-CE-01) site in Central, Bahia. The specimen is deposited in the MN collection.

582. Arinae indet. 9

Early Holocene – RS

Psittacidae – Rosa 2006f: 2.

Psittacidae – Rosa 2009: 151.

Psittacidae – Dias 2012: 15.

Psitacidae [sic] – Jacobus and Rosa 2013: 250.

Rosa (2009) reported a bone from square A6 from the third occupation of the Garivaldino (RS-TQ-58) site in Montenegro, Rio Grande do Sul. The material is deposited in the CEPA collection.

583. Arinae indet. 10 (spp.?)

Holocene – MT

Psittacidae – Pacheco 2008: 229.

Pacheco (2008) reported a complete skull and two humeri representing two small psittacids from the Santa Elina rock shelter in Jangada, Mato Grosso.

584. Arinae indet. 11

Holocene – RS

Psitacidae [sic] – Jacobus and Rosa 2013: 247.

Jacobus and Rosa (2013) reported psittacid remains from the Schneider (RS-C-14) rock shelter in São Sebastião do CaÍ, Rio Grande do Sul.

585. Arinae indet. 12

Holocene – RS

Psitacidae [sic] – Jacobus and Rosa 2013: 249.

Jacobus and Rosa (2013) reported psittacid remains from the Pilger (RS-C-61) rock shelter in Harmonia, Rio Grande do Sul.

586. Arinae indet. 13

Holocene – RN

“psitaciformes” – Silva 2013: 91.

Psitaciformes [sic] – Silva 2014: 133.

Silva (2013, 2014) reported psittacid material among remains collected by the staff of NEA-UFPE, starting in the 1990s, in rock shelters of the Pedra do Alexandre site in Carnaúba dos Dantas, Rio Grande do Norte .