Thalassarche Reichenbach, 1853

Nascimento, Rafael S. & Silveira, Luís Fábio, 2024, Fossil and subfossil birds of Brazil, Zoologia (e 23079) 41, pp. 1-234 : 130-132

Thalassarche Reichenbach

413. cf. Thalassarche sp.

Holocene – SC

cf. Thalassarche sp. – Pavei et al. 2015: 74, 78.

Pavei et al. (2015) reported two bone fragments comparable to this genus representing two individuals from Sambaqui do Papagaio in Bombinhas , Santa Catarina .

414. Thalassarche sp. 1

Late Holocene – RS

Thalassarche sp. – Rosa 2008a: 24.

Thalassarche sp. – Ferrasso et al. 2013: 227.

Rosa (2008a) reported Thalassarche material with human-made cutting marks from the Capão Alto (RS-LN-19) site in Xangri-Lá, Rio Grande do Sul.

415. Thalassarche sp. 2

Late Holocene – SC

Thalassarche sp. [in part] – DeBlasis et al. 2014: 122. Thalassarche sp. [in part] – Cardoso et al. 2014: 157. Thalassarche sp. – Cardoso 2018: 93, fig. 20.

Thalassarche sp. – Cardoso et al. 2019: 71.

DeBlasis et al. (2014) reported this genus from the Galheta IV site in Laguna, Santa Catarina. They associated 97 bones with at least 8 individuals, from the site’s levels 1 (34 bones), 3 (44 bones), and 5 (19 bones). Some long bones were modified as tools, showing cut and polishing markings. Cardoso (2018) analysis of the material from the site resulted in 1,020 elements belonging to at least 48 individuals: 27 bones (belonging to at least two individuals) from area A’s square 110/94, 286 bones (belonging to at least 12 individuals) from square 111/99, 260 bones (belonging to at least ten individuals) from square 112/93, 97 bones (belonging to at least eight individuals) from square 113/95 (the material reported by DeBlasis et al.), 272 bones (belonging to at least eight individuals) from area B, and 78 bones (belonging to at least eight individuals) from the “profile” area. The material is represented by the skull (beak, frontal, articular, occipital, neurocranium, quadrate), atlas, sternum, ribs, synsacrum, pelvis, scapula, coracoid, furcula, humerus, radius, ulna, carpometacarpus, wing phalanges, femur, patella, tibiotarsus, fibula, tarsometatarsus, and pedal phalanges.

416. Thalassarche sp. 3

Middle Holocene – RS

Thalassarche sp. – Mendes and Rodrigues 2024: 8, fig. 4D.

Mendes and Rodrigues (2024) associated with this genus three bones of at least two individuals Sambaqui da Figueira II in Arroio do Sal , Rio Grande do Sul. The distal portion of a left tarsometatarsus was depicted .

417. Thalassarche cf. chlororhynchos (Gmelin)

Middle Holocene – RJ

Procellariiformes [?; in part] – Kneip et al. 1988: 48. Procellariformes [sic] [in part] – Kneip et al. 1989a: 126. Diomedea cf. chlororhyncus [sic] – Kneip et al. 1989b: 662. Diomedea cf. chlororhynchos – Kneip et al. 1994: 48. Diomadeidae (“albatroz”) [sic] [in part] – Kneip et al. 1995: 7. Diomadeidae (“albatroz”) [sic] [in part] – Kneip et al. 1997: 19, 37.

Diomadeidae [sic] [in part] – Kneip 2001: 7.

Diomadeidae (“albatroz”) [sic] [in part] – Magalhães et al. 2001: 59.

Kneip et al. (1989b, 1994) reported a bone comparable to this species from layer II (4,160±180 years BP) of Sambaqui da Beirada in Saquarema, Rio de Janeiro.

418. Thalassarche cf. melanophris (Temminck) 1

Quaternary – RJ

Procellariiformes [?; in part] – Kneip et al. 1988: 48. Procellariformes [sic] [in part] – Kneip et al. 1989a: 126. Diomedea cf. melanophris – Kneip et al. 1989b: 662.

Diomedea cf. melanophris [in part] – Kneip et al. 1994: 48. Diomadeidae (“albatroz”) [sic] [in part] – Kneip et al. 1995: 7. Diomadeidae (“albatroz”) [sic] [in part] – Kneip et al. 1997: 19, 37.

Diomadeidae [sic] [in part] – Kneip 2001: 7.

Diomadeidae (“albatroz”) [sic] [in part] – Magalhães et al. 2001: 59.

Kneip et al. (1989b, 1994) reported material comparable to this species from Sambaqui da Beirada in Saquarema, Rio de Janeiro. It comprises three bones of at least one individual from the site’s layer I (3,800±190 years BP), five bones of at least three individuals from layer II (4,160±180 years BP), two bones of at least one individual from layer III (4,300±190 years BP), and two bones of at least one individual from layer IV (4,520±190 years BP).

419. Thalassarche cf. melanophris (Temminck) 2

Quaternary – RJ

Diomedea cf. melanophris [in part] – Kneip et al. 1994: 48. Diomadeidae (“albatroz”) [sic] [in part] – Kneip et al. 1995: 7. Diomadeidae (“albatroz”) [sic] [in part] – Kneip et al. 1997: 19, 37.

Diomadeidae [sic] [in part] – Kneip 2001: 7.

Diomadeidae (“albatroz”) [sic] [in part] – Magalhães et al. 2001: 59.

Kneip et al. (1994) reported six bones of at least one individual comparable to this species from layer II (3,960±200 years BP) of Sambaqui do Moa in Saquarema , Rio de Janeiro .

420. Thalassarche cf. melanophris (Temminck) 3

Quaternary – SC

Diomedea sp. [in part] – Teixeira and Rosa 2001: C00003. Diomedea sp. [in part] – Teixeira 2006: 21.

Diomedea sp. [in part] – Rosa 2006a: 41.

Thalassarche sp. [in part] – Tamiozzo 2007: 289.

Talasarche sp. [sic] [in part] – Tamiozzo et al. 2008: 110–111. Thalassarche sp. [in part] – Campos 2015: 61.

Teixeira and Rosa (2001) reported 240 bones belonging to at least 52 individuals from the Rincão (SC-IÇ-06) site in Içara, Santa Catarina. The material represents at least 39 individuals according to Teixeira (2006) and is deposited in the IAP/Unisinos collection. The authors noted it possibly represents Thalassarche melanophris .

Tamiozzo (2007) and Tamiozzo et al. (2008) reported further material from the site. It is represented by crania (about 10), mandibles (<5), vertebrae (<20), scapulae (<5), humeri (<10), ulnae (<5), carpometacarpi (<10), femora (<5), tibiotarsi (<20), tarsometatarsi (<25), phalanges (about 40), and synsacra (about five). A total of 144 elements are mentioned in their table 1.

421. Thalassarche cf. melanophris (Temminck) 4

Quaternary – RS

[cf.] Diomedea melanophrys [lapsus] – Lopes et al. 2006a: 45. [cf.] Thalassarche melanophrys [lapsus] – Lopes et al. 2006b: 648–650, fig. 2A–C.

Thalassarche melanophrys [lapsus] – Hsiou 2007: 23.

[cf.] Thalassarche melanophrys [lapsus] – Hsiou 2009a: 150,

fig. 9B–E.

Thalassarche melanophrys [lapsus] – Lopes and Pereira 2017: 96. cf. Thallasarche melanophris [lapsus] – Lopes et al. 2019: 200.

Fossils attributable to this species from submerged fossiliferous deposits of late Pleistocene age along the internal continental shelf of the state of Rio Grande do Sul were first described by Lopes et al. (2006a) and later with further details by Lopes et al. (2006b).

The material consists of the middle part of the diaphysis of a left tibiotarsus (LGP-A0002) collected at the “concheiros” region, a cervical vertebra (LGP-A0001) collected at Farolete da Verga, and another cervical vertebra (LGP-A0003) collected at Farol Sarita, all three between 1999 and 2000 during fieldwork in the coastline south of Laguna dos Patos. A third cervical vertebra (LGP-A0004) was collected near Balneário do Cassino in 2003 [32].

The material’s good condition indicates that no significant reworking had occurred from their source sites to the beach and suggests that the submerged deposits are located near the present shoreline. In addition, remains of terrestrial mammalian megafauna, cetaceans, elasmobranchs, teleosts, crustaceans, echinoderms, and mollusks were found in the same deposits.

422. Thalassarche cf. melanophris (Temminck) 5

Quaternary – RS

Thalassarche cf. melanophris – Ferrasso et al. 2013: 225. Thalassarche cf. melanophris – Pavei 2019: 21.

Ferrasso et al. (2013) reported material comparable to this species from Sambaqui Arroio Seco V (RS-LN-285) in Arroio do Sal , Rio Grande do Sul. The remains are represented by the scapula, carpometacarpus, phalanx, and tibiotarsus .

423. Thalassarche melanophris (Temminck)

Late Holocene – SC

Diomedea melanophris – Bandeira 1992: 81.

Bandeira (1992) reported this species from Sambaqui

Enseada I (SC-LN-71) in São Francisco do Sul , Santa Catarina. The analyzed material is represented by five bones belonging to at least two individuals from the site’s first occupation, and 67 bones belonging to at least nine individuals from the site’s second occupation .

Procellariidae Leach

424. Procellariidae indet. 1

Late Holocene – RJ

Procellaniidae [sic] – Carvalho 1984: 56.

Procellariidae [in part?] – Gaspar 2003: 58.

Carvalho (1984) reported procellariid remains among the material discovered in 1978 at the Corondó site (RJ-JC-64) in São Pedro da Aldeia , Rio de Janeiro .

425. Procellariidae indet. 2

Late Holocene – RJ

Procellaridae – Lima and Silva 1984: 28.

Lima and Silva (1984) reported procellariid remains from the Ilha de Santana site in Macaé, Rio de Janeiro, dat- ed 1,260±330 years BP. The material is represented by the proximal ends of a right and a left humeri and fragments of long bone diaphyses.

426. Procellariidae indet. 3

Late Holocene – SC

Procellaridae indet. [sic] – Teixeira and Rosa 2001: C00003. Procellariidae – Teixeira 2006: 21.

Laridae ind. [?] – Campos 2015: 61.

Teixeira and Rosa (2001) reported five bones from the Rincão (SC-IÇ-06) site in Içara, Santa Catarina. The material represents at least four individuals according to Teixeira (2006) and is deposited in the IAP/Unisinos collection.

Campos (2015) cited Teixeira (2006) and Rosa (2006a) and included an indeterminate larid among remains from SC-IÇ-06, but it probably refers to this record instead.

427. Procellariidae indet. 4

Holocene – SC

“Procelariforme” – Ricken et al. 2014: 116.

Ricken et al. (2014) reported a procellariiform bone from Sambaqui da Rua 13 in Bombinhas, Santa Catarina .

428. Procellariidae indet. 5

Middle Holocene – SC

Procellariidae indet. – Mendes and Rodrigues 2024: 8.

Mendes and Rodrigues (2024) reported two indeterminate procellariid bones of at least one individual from the Caieira sambaqui in Laguna, Santa Catarina.