Justicia appendiculata (Ruiz & Pav.) Vahl

Villanueva-Espinoza, Rosa, Deng, Yunfei, Scotland, Robert & Wood, John R. I., 2025, Preliminary notes on Justicia (Acanthaceae) in Peru, PhytoKeys 258, pp. 1-123 : 1-123

9. Justicia appendiculata (Ruiz & Pav.) Vahl , Enum. Pl. 1: 159. 1804. ( Vahl 1804: 159)

Dianthera appendiculata Ruiz & Pav. , Fl. Peruv. Prodr. 1: 12. 1798. ( Ruiz and Pavón 1798: 12) Type. PERU. Pavon s. n. (lectotype MA- 817205 designated here, isolectotypes BM- 000992613, MA- 815488, OXF- 00194632).

Beloperone appendiculata (Ruiz & Pav.) Nees, Prodr. 11: 423. 1847. ( Nees 1847 b: 423)

Beloperone denudata Nees, Prodr. [A. P. de Candolle] 11: 423. 1847. ( Nees 1847 b: 423) 1847. Type. PERU. Loreto, Maynas, Poeppig 2017 B (lectotype W, designated by Wasshausen and Wood (2004: 50)

Beloperone mathewsiana Nees, Prodr. [A. P. de Candolle] 11: 731. 1847. ( Nees 1847 b: 731) Type. PERU. Moyabamba, A. Mathews 1535 (holotype K- 000529267, isotype OXF- 00194398).

Beloperone pubinervia Lindau, Bull. Herb. Boissier 5 (8): 675. 1897. ( Lindau 1897: 675) Type. PERU. Pavon s. n. (presumed holotype B †, isotypes G 00236307, US- 2883208).

Type.

Based on Dianthera appendiculata Ruiz & Pav.

Description.

Shrub 1–3 m in height. Leaves very large and often overtopping the inflorescence, lamina 11–30 × 6–13 cm, elliptic, acuminate at both ends, long petiolate, glabrous, abaxially characteristically yellow-green with brown venation, lateral veins 14–17 pairs. Inflorescence of axillary and terminal spikes, individually short, <5 cm long, forming a much branched compound inflorescence, the lateral spikes verticillate: inflorescence bracts large, foliose, yellow-green, ovate, 2.5–7 × 1–3.5 cm; floral bracts 1.4 × 0.7 mm, deltoid, yellow-green, pubescent; calyx 5 - lobed, 5–6 mm long; corolla salmon-pink, very slender, 40–50 mm long, puberulent; anther thecae ellipsoid, 2 × 0.75 mm with a small white basal appendage, parallel, weakly superposed; pollen prolate 57 × 21 μm, 2 - aperturate, colporate, 1 row of c. 8 insulae and a few poorly developed peninsulae on either side of the aperture (Fig. 49 B , Kiel et al. 2018: 462). Capsule 15–17 × 4 mm, clavate, minutely glandular; seeds 4, rugose.

Illustration.

Fig. 12 A, B .

Habitat.

Frequent in lowland rainforest up to c. 800 (– 1500) m.

Phenology.

Flowers principally from May to September; reports of flowering outside this period are rare.

Distribution.

Eastern Andean slopes of Bolivia, Ecuador and Peru extending into the Amazonian lowlands and into Amazonian Brazil, but apparently absent from Colombia and northern Ecuador. Fig. 56 .

Material examined.

Peru • Ayacucho: Río Apurimac Valley, near Kimpitiriki , 400 m, 10 May 1929, E. P. Killip 22944 (F, US) ; • ibid., 10–11 May 1929, E. P. Killip 23015 (F, US); Prov. La Mar, Cordillera, Vilcabamba , T. R. Dudley 9095 ( NA) ; • ibid., Río Marantari, below Santa Rosa bridge, 580 m, 28 May 1975, D. C. Wasshausen & F. Encarnación 480 (K, US, USM) . • Cusco: Prov. La Convención , T. R, Dudley 10256 ( NA) ; • ibid., Dist. Pichari, Quempiri, caserío Campa , margen derecha del Río Ene , 460–480 m, 24 July 1965, R. Ferreyra 16374 ( US, USM) ; • ibid., Dist. Echarate, plataforma de perforación de gas, Cashiriari 3, 8 July 2005, S. Matías et al. 6296 ( USM) ; • ibid., Dist. Quiteni, 12°38'28"S, 73°04'18"W, 600 m, 19 July 2004, W. Galiano et al. 6713 ( CUZ, FHO). Prov. Urubamba, alto Río Urubamba – Hac. Pigliato , Aug. 1925, A. Diehl 2426 (F) ; • ibid., Alto Manguriari , 700 m, G. Ortiz 33 ( CUZ 27869 ); G. Ortiz 17 ( CUZ 27853 ) . • Huánuco: La Merced de Cachiyaquillo , 400–500 m, 14 Aug. 1948, R. Ferreyra 4480 ( US, USM) ; • ibid., along road to Fundo San Juan at junction of Río Chinchao and Río Huallaga , 18 July 1962, M. Mathias & D. Taylor 5914 (F, USM). Prov. Pachitea, c. 20 km to 24 km SE of Puerto Inca, 700 m, 31 July 1988, B. Wallnofer 117-31788 ( US) ; • ibid., Dist. Honoria. Quebrada de Shahuinto, Bosque Nacional de Iparia, 200–400 m, 12 July 1978, J. Schunke V. 2114 (F, US). Prov. Leoncio Prado, Dist. Luyando, Tulumayo, entre Tingo María y Divisoría, 700–800 m, 5 Aug. 1947, R. Ferreyra 2137 ( US, USM) ; • ibid., Hac. Shapajilla , cerca de Tingo María, 800 m, 10 Aug. 1946, R. Ferreyra 0894 ( US, USM) ; • ibid., km 35 between Tingo María & Pucallpa, 1500 m, 3 June 1981, G. Sullivan 1168 ( US) ; • ibid., Puente Tulumayo, cerca de Tingo María. 700–750 m, 24 July 1948, R. Ferreyra 4345 (K, US, USM) ; • ibid., Dist. Mariano Damaso, Cayumba, entre Huánuco y Tingo María , 800–900 m, 15 July 1948, R. Ferreyra 4193 ( MO, MOL, US, USM) ; • ibid., Dist. Rupa-Rupa, al oeste de Tingo María , 700–750 m, 21 March 1978, J. Schunke V. 10070 ( US) ; • ibid., hills above airport, Tingo María, left bank of Río Huallaga , 700–800 m, 5 April 1976, T. C. Plowman 5819 ( US, USM) ; • ibid., Calpar Bella; cueva de los Hauriños. 700–900 m, 2 July 1976, J. Schunke V. 9488 ( USM) ; • ibid., J. Schunke V. 9489 (F, US) ; • ibid., Tingo María , 600–650 m, 10 July 1958, R. Ferreyra 13136 ( US, USM) . • Junín: Prov. Chanchamayo, de Chontabamba a Marinioc , July 1878, A. Raimondi 10637, 10648 ( USM) ; • ibid., Dist. Chanchamayo, La Merced, 700 m, 29 May – 4 June 1929, E. P. Killip & A. C. Smith 23477 (F, US) ; • ibid., 2000 ft, 10–24 Aug. 1923, J. F. Macbride 5266 (F, US) ; • ibid., Dist. San Ramón, Hac. Huacara, 800–900 m, 11 July 1959, K. Lothar Diers 1299 ( US); ibid, Lourdes de Oxabamba , 11°04'S, 75°23'W; 1246 m, 3 August 2023, R. Villanueva et al. 916 ( MOL) ; • ibid., Dist. Perene, Colonia Perene, 680 m, 14–22 June 1929, E. P. Killip & A. C. Smith 24914 (F, US). Prov. Huancayo, Oserato / Tambo, 4 Aug. 1964, G. Weiss 240 (F). Prov. Satipo, Dist. Río Tambo , Com. Nativa Oviri, 11°15'S, 73°47'W, 4 July 2018, M. Kujawska 429 ( USM) ; • ibid., Dist. Satipo, San Francisco de Satipo , 700 m, 23 June 1977, J. Solomon 3225 (F) ; • ibid., Satipo , 800 m, Aug. 1940, C. Ridoutt s. n. ( USM 11823 & USM 11430 ) ; • ibid., July 1940, C. Ridoutt s. n. ( USM 11875 ) . • Loreto: without exact data, 480 m, 25 July 1964, P. C. Hutchison et al. 6045 (K). Prov. Alto Amazonas, Yurimaguas, Río Huallaga , May 1855, R. Spruce 3892 (K) ; • ibid., Santa Rosa, lower Río Huallaga below Yurimaguas , 135 m, Sept. 1929, E. P. Killip & A. C. Smith 28893 (F, US) ; • ibid., Washintsa and vicinity, Río Huasaga , 3°20'S, 76°20'W, 185 m, 16–26 July 1986, W. Lewis et al. 11245 ( USM) • ibid., Puranchim, Río Sinchiyacu, 2°50'S, 76°55'W, 200 m, 21–27 Nov. 1986, W. Lewis et al. 11881 ( USM). Prov. Coronel Portillo, Boqueron pass, Tingo María to Pucallpa, 480 m, 19 June 1982, D. C. Wasshausen & O. Tovar 1272 (K, US). Prov. Datém del Marañón , Dist. Manseriche, Soledad, on Río Itaya , 110 m, 20–22 Sept. 1929, E. P. Killip & A. C. Smith 29645 (F). Prov. Ucayali, Pucallpa – Lima Highway, km 85, 200 m, 20 July 1970, S. McDaniel 13940 (F, US) . • Madre de Dios: Prov. Manu , Cocha Cashu Biological Station. Manu National Park, 11°52'S, 71°22'W, 400 m, 1 Aug. 1983, Al. Gentry 43281 (F, MO, US) ; • ibid., 400 m, 14 Sept. 1985, P. Nuñez 1862 (F) ; • ibid., 400 m, July 1984, P. Nuñez 12 ( CUZ 024596 ) ; • ibid., 350 m, July 1978, R. Foster & J. Terborgh 6551 (F) ; • ibid., 27 Nov. 1980, R. B. Foster 5955 (F) ; • ibid., 11°53'S, 71°23'W, 350 m, 5 Sept. 1986, R. B. Foster 11272 (F, USM) ; • ibid., Cocha Cashu , between Panagua and Tayakome, 11°22'S, 71°22'W, 400 m, 17–24 Aug. 1974, R. B. Foster et al. 3311 (K, U, US, USM) ; • ibid., Cocha Cashu uplands, 11°45'S, 71°0'W, 400 m, 28 July 1986, P. Nuñez 5517-1862 ( BRIT, CUZ, USM) ; • ibid., Quebrada Fierro, 11°22'S, 71°58'W, 400 m, July 1988, G. Shepard 2199 (F); Camp. Botánico, 320 m, 5 Sept. 2003, A. Maceda 843 ( BRIT). Prov. Tahuamanu, Quebrada del Km 24 de carretera Iberia – Iñapari, 1 June 1978, F. Encarnación 1168 ( US). Prov. Tambopata, Dist. Puerto Maldonado, Com. Nativa de Infierno. Hermosa Chica. Centro Ñape , 12°50'S, 69°17'W, 260 m, 25 June 1991, V. Baca 181 ( US, USM) ; • ibid., 13 Aug. 1990, M. Alexiades 1019 ( NY, US, USM) ; • ibid., Las Piedras , 12°29'S, 69°03'W, 200 m, 28 July 1991, M. E. Timaná 1954 ( US) . • Pasco: Prov. Oxapampa, 8 km W of Puente Paucartambo, 1200 m, 27 May 1979, D. C. Wasshausen & F. Encarnación 1130 (K, US, USM) ; • ibid., Dist. Huancabamba, P. N. Yanachanga, El Huampal , 10°11'S, 75°34'W, 1200 m, 29 June 2003, H. Van der Werff 17870 ( MO) ; • ibid., 10°10'58"S, 75°34'25"W, 1100 m, 23 July 2006, A. Montenegro et al. 12523 ( HOXA) ; • ibid., 10°11'S, 75°34'W, 1200 m, 1 July 2003, H. van der Werff et al. 17923 ( HOXA, US) ; • ibid., Camino a Pozuzo , 10°04'02"S, 75°32'59"W, 1200–1480 m, 2 June 2004, R. Rojas et al. 2558 ( HOXA, USM) ; • ibid., Dist. Oxapampa, Carretera Oxapampa y Paucartambo , 10°55'51"S, 75°17'08"W, 730 m, 11 June 2003, R. Rojas et al. 1145 ( HOXA) ; • ibid., Dist. Palcazú, Com. Nativa Loma Linda, 334 m, 19 July 2007, E. Becerra 1575 ( AMAZ, HOXA, HUT, MO, MOL, USM) ; • ibid. Dist. Pozuzo , 2000 ft, 20–22 June 1923, J. F. Macbride 4643 (F, US) ; • ibid., Dist. Villa Rica, along road Chatarra – Cacazu , 10°32'S, 75°04'W, 890 m, 13 July 2003, H. van der Werff et al. 18433 ( HOXA, US, USM) . • San Martin: Entre Cinchono y Boquerón, 15 Aug. 1946, R. Ferreyra 1115 ( US, USM). Prov. Lamas , Vicinity of Shanusi , 38 km SW of Yurimaguas, 250 m, 12 May 1979, D. C. Wasshausen & F. Encarnación 1048 (K, US); Prov. Moyobamba , 1835, A. Mathews 1535 (K). Prov. Tocache , Dist. Uchiza , Tingo María – Tocache Nuevo road, valley of Río Huallaga , 10°04'02"S, 75°32'59"W, 500 m, 6 April 1984, T. B. Croat 57968 ( US, USM) ; • ibid., Dist. Tocache, Tocache Nuevo, 350–400 m, 22 June 1974, J. Schunke V. 6985 (F, US, USM) ; • ibid., Fundo “ Cucareland ”, ( Río Cañuto ), 500–520 m, 12 May 1979, J. Schunke V. 10962 ( US) ; • ibid., Río Cañuto, cerca de Tananta, 500–520 m, 2 June 1980, J. Schunke V. 11763 ( US, USM) ; • ibid., Quebrada de Huaquisha, 400–500 m, 3 Dec. 1980, J. Schunke V. 12436 (F, JRBJ, K, NA, U, US, USM) . • Ucayali: Cerro de Canchyuaya, Río Ucayali, 135 m, 30 July 19300, S. McDaniel 2583 ( US) ; • ibid., 30 July 1970, S. McDaniel 14146 (F, US, USM). Prov. Atalaya, Com. Nativa Yaminahua – Raya, saliendo de Atalaya. 10°19'51"S, 72°58'08"W, 250 m, 25 June 2000, H. Beltrán & R. Retejo 3528 ( USM). Prov. Coronel Portillo, Cordillera Azul, km 64, Tingo María – Pucallpa road, 1 km E of Puente Cholon , 600 m, 4 June 1981, K. Young & G. Sullivan 690 ( US) ; • ibid., Lower Boquerón del Padre Abad, 480 m, 25 July 1964, P. C. Hutchison et al. 6045 (F, K, P, US, USM) ; • ibid., near Perú – Brasil border, quebrada Sapallal, tributary of Quebrada Shesha , base of Cerro Las Cachoeiras , 08°02'S, 73°55'W, 260 m, 19 June 1987, Al. Gentry & C. Diaz 58458 ( BRIT, USM) ; • ibid., Dist: Iparia. falda del Cerro Ariapo , cuencas de los Ríos Iparia y Ariapom , Reserva Comunal el Sira, 9°27'S, 74°33'W, 1550–1600 m, 20 Sept. 2010, J. G. Graham 5972 ( US), 5993 ( MOL, US). Prov. Padre Abad, Dist. Padre Abad, Cuenca del Río Aguaytia , Quebrada Chesman cerca del Boquerón del Padre Abad , margen izquierda del Río Yurac , 350–400 m, 7 Feb. 2004, J. Schunke & J. Graham 15824 (F, MOL, USM); Vecindad de Aguaytia , 1 July 1960, M. Mathias & D. Taylor 5073 (F, USM); Prov. Purús, Dist. Purús, al lado del Río Purús , cerca Comunidad Nativa de Miguel Grau , 220 m, 1 July 2002, J. G. Graham 1596 ( US) ; • ibid., Río Curanja, cerca la comunidad nativa colombiana, 10°4'S, 71°6'W, 300–350 m, 3 July 2002, J. G. Graham & J. Schunke Vigo 1602 ( US); ibid, Río Curanja, cerca Com. Nativa de Colombiana , 10°4'S, 71°6'W, 300–350 m, 14 July 1998, J. Graham 584 (F, US) .

Lectotypification.

MA- 817205 is somewhat arbitrarily selected as the lectotype of Dianthera appendiculata as it has the original annotation of Dianthera appendiculata and is marginally the better specimen.

Figures

Figure 12. Photographs of A, B Justicia appendiculata. Note the distinctive whitish-green bracts. C – D Justicia rauhii. Note distinctive yellow corollas. A, B Rosa Villanueva, C, D Isau Huamantupa.

Figure 49. Pollen images A Justicia chamaecaulis (Encarnación 927) B J. appendiculata (Villanueva 916) C J. pelianthia (McDaniel 21499) D J. tumbesiana (Diaz 5081) E J. aphelandroides (Wurdack 2245) F J. sanchezioides (Schunke 12458). Scale bars: 10 μm.

Figure 56. Distribution of Justicia appendiculata (red circles), J. aphelandroides (yellow square) and J. tumbesiana (green triangle) in Peru.