Bolanthus (Ser.) Rchb., Deut. Bot. Herb.-Buch

Yildizbaş, Avni & Koç, Murat, 2025, The taxonomic revision of genus Bolanthus (Caryophyllaceae) in Türkiye, Phytotaxa 696 (1), pp. 28-54 : 29-36

Bolanthus (Ser.) Rchb., Deut. Bot. Herb.-Buch : 205 (1841).

Type (see Hernández-Ledesma et al. 2015: 324): — Bolanthus hirsutus (Labill.) Barkoudah, Willdenowia 45 (3): 324 (2015) ≡ Saponaria hirsuta Labill., Dec. Syr. 4: 9 (1812) ≡ Gypsophila hirsuta (Labill.) Spreng., Syst. 2: 373 (1826).

Description:— Low prostrate or cushion-shaped perennials. Leaves small, linear, inflorescence dichasial, subcapitate. Flowers solitary or 2–25 in ± dense clusters. Bracts leafy, linear to linear-lanceolate, ± adpressed to the calyx. Calyx tubular-turbinate, with 5 projecting ribs and scarious commissures, without calcium oxalate druses. Petals white or bright pink, often with purple veins, with long linear delicately winged claw and small limb. Stamens 10, anthers not exserted. Styles 2. Ovary with 8–20 ovules. Capsule oblong-ovoid, dehiscing by 4 teeth. Seeds comma-shaped, with projecting radicle ( Huber-Morath 1967).

Bolanthus minuartioides (Jaub. & Spach) Hub.-Mor. ≡ Heterochroa minuartioides Jaub. & Spach, Pl. Or. 1: 26 (1843) ≡ Jordania minuartioides (Jaub. & Spach) Boiss., Diagn. Ser. 1(8): 94 (1849) ≡ Gypsophila minuartioides (Jaub. & Spach) Boiss., Fl. Or. 1: 558 (1867) ≡ Acanthophyllum minuartioides (Jaub. & Spach) Bark., Wentia 9: 183 (1962).

Lectotype (designated here): — [ Turkey B2 Manisa] in collibus aridis prope Selendi, Jaubert s.n. ( P05059990 ! [photo]).

Occurrence of tubercle in calyx

Calyx shape

Size of calyx (mm)

Prominence and number of calyx vein

Calyx hairiness

Calyx colour

Shape of calyx teeth (CT)

Size of CT (mm)

CT hairiness

CT venation

CT margin

CT apex

Petal shape

Petal length (mm)

Shape of petal (PL)

Size of PL (mm)

Ratio length PL × petal

How much of the PL is outside the calyx Occurrence of spot in PL

PL hairiness (abaxial and adaxial surfaces)

PL colour (abaxial and adaxial surfaces) Number of PL teeth

Shape of PL teeth

Ratio length PL × teeth

Size of claw (mm)

Ratio claw width × collar width

Ratio lenght fruit × calyx

Occurrence of anthophore

Size of bracteola

Bracteola base (membranaceous or not)

Position of bracteoles (surround/not surround the calyx and pass through/not pass through) Filament length

Stylus length

Description ( Figs. 1–5 ): — Perennial herbs. Stems prostrate, 1–8, 5–15 cm, base 0.8–1.2 mm diameter, loose branched, lower long eglandular hairs, upper eglandular and rarely mixed with glandular hairs, nodes 5–9, internodes 5–10 mm, eglandular hairs. Leaves subulate-setaceous, 2.5–5 × 0.4–0.6 mm, glabrous or puberulent hairs, prominent 3-nerved, greenish, ± adpressed to stem; terminal acute; sheaths membranous, 0.8–2 mm, puberulent hairs. Inflorescence in apex and side tight clusters sphere shaped, dense eglandular, rarely mixed with glandular hairs; flowers sessile, in each clusters 8–30. Bracts subulate, 4–5.5 × 0.7–0.9 mm, as long as inflorescence or passed slightly, dense eglandular, rarely mixed with glandular hairs; margin membranous, ciliate, ciliates 0.1–0.15 mm; terminal acute. Not petiolate. Calyx tubulate, dense eglandular, rarely mixed with glandular hairs, 4–5 × 1.2–1.5 mm; calyx teeth narrowly triangular, 1.8–2.5 mm tall, margins ciliate, terminal acute. Petals oblong, 5–7 × 0.8–1 mm, 1.2–1.5 times as much as sepals, white; terminal emarginate; base cuneate. Stamens 10, filament 3–3.5 mm tall. Styles 5–10 mm. Capsule oblong, 3.5–4 × 0.8–1 mm, 2–4-seeded, usually as much as sepals. Seeds comma shaped 0.8–1 × 0.6–0.7 mm, brown, side ridge surface tuberculate, granular.

Phenology:— June–July, 700–2080 m, rocky slopes. General distribution:— Endemic. East Mediterranean and Irano-Turanian element. Distribution for Türkiye ( Fig. 5 ):— Central Anatolia, Aegean and Mediterraneanregion. Typification of the name Heterochroa minuartioides :— The protologue of Heterochroa minuartioides ( Jaubert

& Spach 1843: 26) consists of a detailed diagnosis and the provenance (“In Phrygiae locis petrosis, propè Selendi et

Taouchanleu, legit Jaubert”). No holotype was reported. As a consequence a lectotype should be designated according to the Art. 9 of ICN. We have selected the specimen at P (barcode P05059990) as the lectotype for H. minuartioides . This specimen was chosen because it matchs the protologue (both provenance and morphology) and corresponds to the current concept of the species by showing prostrate or decumbent habit, long-eglandular-hairy stem, entirely white without purple veins petals, tubular calyx, and short pedicel ( Madhani et al. 2018, Koç et al. 2019).

Notes:— The name Heterochroa minuartioides was transferred to different genera during the time, i.e. Jordania Boiss. (by Boissier, 1849; see Bornmüller 1908), Gypsophilla L. (again by Boissier 1867), Acanthophyllum C.A. Mey. (by Barkoudah 1962) and, finally, to Bolanthus (by Huber-Morath 1967). The taxon differed from the other taxa in having loose, creeping stem structure, dense inflorescence, long sepals, white petals and being loosely branched (see the diagnostic key presented above). Also it has been recommended to be placed in the LC category particularly due to its widespread and stable population, with no significant decline based on the criterion A, B and C (not met).Although, area of occupancy (AOO) and extent of occurrence (EOO) were not quantitatively calculated, qualitative assessments confirm a broad distribution and a large, stable population. ( IUCN 2017).

Specimens examined: — TÜRKİYE. B2 Kütahya: EskiŞehir-Kütahya 45 km, limestone rocks, 900 m, 13 June 1954, Demiriz (ISTF-13292); UŞak: Banaz, Murat mountain, stony meadow, 1100 m, 19 June 1978, Çırpıcı (ISTF– 31967); UŞak: around Kula, UŞak way, 10 km from UŞak way’s right, Ürün village, 720 m, 21 June 1993, Seçmen (EGE-18734); Kütahya: Gediz, Murat mountain, from the ski center to the left, way of go to summit, 2050 m, 02August 2015, Koç 2131 & Hamzaoğlu (Bozok Univ. Herb.); Kütahya: between Aslantepe and Çavdarhisar, calcareous peaks, 1090 m, 24 June 2015, Koç 2006 & Hamzaoğlu (Bozok Univ. Herb.); B3 Afyon: Dinar, Karakuzu, 05 July 1949, Attila (ISTF-8639); EskiŞehir: Haymana-Sivrihisar 93 km, 13 km ago from Sivrihisar, mountain steppe, 1120 m, 30 May 1956, Demiriz (ISTF-15420); EskiŞehir: SakaryabaŞı, 19 June 1980, Seçmen, Leblebici-Bekat (EGE-16804); Afyon: Sandıklı, around spas, 950 m, 08 June 1983, Gemici (EGE-25461); Afyonkarahisar: İscehisar, around Seydiler, 1150 m, 30 June 2012, Hamzaoğlu 6394 & Koç (Bozok Univ. Herb.); Konya: Derebucak, entry of Çamlık town, sandy areas, 1300 m, 30 May 2005, Hamzaoğlu 3640 & Koç (Bozok Üniv. Herb.); Konya: Derebucak, Çamlık town, environment of picnic area, 1370 m, 31 June 2010, Koç 1055 & Hamzaoğlu (Bozok Univ. Herb.); Konya: between Kulu and Cihanbeyli, steppe, 1110 m, 15 June 2009, Koç 175, Hamzaoğlu & Budak (Bozok Univ. Herb.); B4 Konya: between Bozkır and Akören, limestone rocks, 1105 m, 18 June 2013, Hamzaoğlu 6765 & Koç (Bozok Univ. Herb.); C2 Denizli: Babadağ: Vakıfköy, sand mines, open sunny area, 1100 m, 25 May 1998, Oluk (EGE–34880); Antalya: 16 km from Korkuteli to Elmalı, limestone rocky, 27 June 1979, Seçmen, Leblebici & Bekat (EGE-16805); Antalya: Elmadag, 1300 m, 28 May 1962, Sorger (ISTO-15048); Antalya: between Kızılcadağ and Korkuteli, 7 km from Korkuteli, meadows, 1080 m, 23 June 1980, Özhatay and Özhatay & Tuzlacı (ISTE-45002); Antalya: east up of city, Susamlık hill, 1050 m, 04 June 1965, Dem, Emberker, Dölek, Ümit & Tut (ISTF-20507); YeŞilova exit lakeside, 1150 m, 06 July 1983, Bekat & Leblebici (EGE-18863); C3 Antalya: Çobanisa–Korkuteli, 3 km from Çobanisa, Öküzgözü location, 1200 m, 09 June 1996, Özhatay and Özhatay & Duman (ISTE-72345); Burdur: Çeltikçibeli, forest forestation, pine forests under, 25 May 1996, Baytop & Çubukçu (ISTE-9532); Isparta: Between Keçiborlu and Dinar, 6 km from Dinar, meadows, 1000 m, 31 May 1965, Dem, Emberker, Attila & Aslanerer (ISTF-20122); Burdur: way of Karamanlı-Tefenni, 1 km, Juniperus , Quercus forest, stony meadows, 1150 m, 01 June 1965, Dem, Emberker, Aslanerer & Ümit (ISTF-20201); Burdur: way of Burdur –Tefenni, Karaçalı south, Asılık hill, stony meadows southeastern, 1000 m, 01 June 1965, Dem, Emberker, Aslanerer, Ümit & Tut (ISTF-20190); Antalya: Çeltikçi– Burdur, Pinus brutia forest, 1000 m, 04 June 1965, Dem, Emberker, Dölek, Ümit & Tut (ISTF-20497); Antalya: Çalbalı Dağ, SE part of Bakırlı Dağ, meadows and deforested rock slopes, chiefly limestone with patches of serpentine, 1550–1650 m, 18 July 1984, Görk, Hartvig & Strid (EGE-31426); Isparta: Senirkent, 900 m, 09 June 1983, Bekat (EGE-37007); Isparta: Eğridir, Kasnak forest calcareous land, mixed forest, 1100 m, 03 July 1974, Peşmen & Güner 1665 (HUB-03417); Konya: Derebacak, PınarbaŞı, Kaklık location, stony places, 1400 m, 02 July 2002, Demirelma (KNYA-22688); Isparta: Keçiborlu, northwest of town, oak clearance stony, 1250 m, 16 June 2013, Hamzaoğlu 6748 & Koç, (Bozok Univ. Herb.); Isparta: between Keçiborlu and Uluborlu, 1700 m, 08 July 2014, Budak 3144, Hamzaoğlu & Koç, (Bozok Univ. Herb.); C4 İçel: Ermenek, 10 June 1950, Attila (ISTF-10428); Konya: Ermenek, Kazancı township, 900–1100 m, 20 June 1983, Sümbül (HUB-03419); Konya: Obruk, Kızıltepe, 1250 m, 15 June 1982, Dural (KNYA-14503); Konya: southwestern of Çal mountain, J. excelsa clearance, 1600 m, 30 May 1989, Evce, Serin & Tatlı (KNYA-1233); Konya: way of BeyŞehir, Keçili stream location, 1450 m, 09 June 1979, Dural (KNYA-1231); Karaman: Kızılyaka township, road circumference, inside of Quercus forest, 1400 m, 28 July 1984, Serin (KNYA-1236); C5 Konya: Ereğli, Aydos mountain, Delimahmutlu, 2 km east, juniper forest, limestone rock, 1650 m, 26 June 1976, Erik 1636 (HUB-03418).

Bolanthus spergulifolius (Jaub. & Spach) Hub.-Mor. , Notes Roy. Bot. Gard. Edinburgh 28: 23 (1967) ≡ Heterochroa spergulifolia Jaub. & Spach, Fl. Or. 1: 28 (1843) ≡ Jordania spergulifolia (Jaub. & Spach) Boiss. & Heldr., Diagn. Ser. 1(8): 94 (1849) ≡ Gypsophila spergulifolia (Jaub. & Spach) Boiss., Fl. Or. 1: 559 (1867) = Gypsophila jaubertiana Boiss., Fl. Or. Suppl. 89 (1888) ≡ Acanthophyllum spergulifolium (Jaub. & Spach) Bark., In Wentia 9: 182 (1962)

Lectotype (designated here):— [ Turkey B2 UŞak] In siccis Phrygiae, Jaubert s. n. ( P04981509 ! [photo]).

Description ( Figs. 2–5 ): — Perennial herbs. Stems prostrate, 1–8, 9–18 cm, base 0.8–1.2 mm diameter, loose branched, complately dense glandular hairs, nodes 5–9, internodes 10–20 mm, dense glandular hairs. Leaves subulate-setaceous, 5–7 × 0.5–0.7 mm, glandular hairs, prominent 1-nerved, greenish, not adpressed to stem; terminal acute; sheaths membranous, 1–1.3 mm, glandular hairs. Inflorescence in apex and side loose clusters, dense glandular hairs; flowers pedicellate, in each clusters 5–9. Bracts, 4–5 × 0.7–0.9 mm, almost as long as inflorescence, dense glandular hairs; margin membranous, ciliate, ciliates 0.1–0.15 mm; terminal acute. Pedicels 1–3 mm, dense glandular hairs. Calyx tubulate, dense glandular hairs, 4.5–5.5 × 1.2–1.4 mm; calyx teeth narrowly triangular, 1–1.5 mm tall, margins ciliate, terminal acute. Petals oblanceolate, 6–7 × 0.8–1.2 mm, 1.5 times as much as sepals, limb pink, petal nerves dark ping; terminal emarginate; base cuneate. Stamens 10, filament 3.5–4.5 mm tall. Styles 2, 4–5 mm tall. Capsule oblong, 4–4.5 × 1–1.4 mm, 2–4-seeded, usually as much as sepals. Seeds comma shaped 0.8–1.1 × 0.6–0.8 mm, brown, side and ridge surface tuberculate, granular.

Phenology: June–July, 1150–2100 m, serpentine stony places.

General Distribution: Endemic. East Mediterranean element.

Distribution for Türkiye ( Fig. 5 ): The Mediterranean region.

Typification of the name Heterochroa spergulifolia :— The protologue of Heterochroa spergulifolia ( Jaubert & Spach 1843: 28) consists of a detailed diagnosis and the provenance (“In Phrygiâ, unà cum Heterochroa minuartioidi , legit Jaubert”). No holotype was reported.As a consequence a lectotype should be designated according to the Art. 9 of ICN. We have selected the specimen at P (barcode P04981509) as the lectotype for H. spergulifolia . This specimen was chosen because it matches the protologue (both provenance and morphology) and corresponds to the current concept of the species by showing many branched, densely glandular and eglandular stem, subulate leaves, white with purple veins petals, and dichasial subcapitate subsesile inflorescence ( Koç & Hamzaoğlu 2015).

Notes:— The taxon was firstly defined with the name Heterochroa spergulifolia by Jaubert and Spach in 1843 ( Boissier 1867). Later on, it was transferred to the genus Jordania by Boissier in 1849 ( Bornmüller 1908). The taxon was transferred to the genus Gypsophilla again by Boissier in 1867, and it was transferred to the genus Acanthophyllum by Barkoudah ( Boissier 1867, Barkoudah 1962). Finally, the taxon was transferred to the genus Bolanthus by Huber-Morath in 1967 ( Huber-Morath 1967). Also, the taxon Gypsophila jaubertiana published by Boissier was defined as synonym species of the Bolanthus spergulifolius in 1888 ( Boissier 1867). The taxon differed from the other taxa in terms of having loose, creeping stem structure, loose inflorescence, long, pink petals and relatively long internodes. Also it has been recommended to be placed in the VU B1a category ( IUCN 2017).

Specimens examined: — TÜRKİYE. B2 Kütahya: Gediz, Murat mountain , way of spas, serpentine soils, grassy plains, 1495 m, 25 June 2015, Koç 2043 & Hamzaoğlu (Bozok Univ. Herb.) ; B5 Niğde: Melendiz mountains, Asmasız village , 2100 m, 30 July 1982, Ocakverdi (KNYA-1237) .

Figures

FIGURE 1. Bolanthus minuartioides (Koç 2006). A—habit, B—inflorescence, C—flower, D—petal, E—capsule.

FIGURE 2. Bolanthus spergulifolius (Koç 2043). A—habit, B—inflorescence, C—flower, D—petal, E—capsule.

FIGURE 3. Bolanthus cherlerioides (Hamzaoğlu 6136 & Koç).A—habit, B—inflorescence, C—flower, D—petal, E—capsule.

FIGURE 5. Distribution of taxa Bolanthus minuartioides (▲), B. spergulifolius (D) and B. cherlerioides (●) in Türkiye.